German measles
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Rubella, also known as German measles, is a contagious viral illness caused by the rubella virus. It is typically a mild disease in children and adults, though infection during pregnancy can cause congenital rubella syndrome in the fetus. The virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets from the nose, mouth, or throat of infected individuals. While there is no specific treatment for rubella infection, vaccination provides effective protection against the disease.
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Rubella, Togavirus
Rubella (German measles) is a disease caused by the rubella virus. Rubella is usually a mild illness. Most people who have had rubella or the vaccine are protected against the virus for the rest of their life. Because of routine vaccination against rubella since 1970 , rubella is now rarely reported.
leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease caused by Leptospira interrogans that is distributed worldwide but mostly affects populations in rural and semi-urban areas. It is transmitted through contact with water or soil contaminated by infected animal urine. Clinical presentation varies from mild flu-like symptoms to severe disease affecting multiple organs. Diagnosis involves serological tests, culture or PCR. Treatment is with doxycycline or penicillin with supportive care for organ complications. Prevention focuses on rodent control, vaccination of animals, and avoiding contact with contaminated water sources.
Rubella (Seminar)
Rubella, also known as German measles, is a contagious viral illness caused by the rubella virus. It is most common in children between 5-10 years of age. The virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets. Common symptoms include a rash and tender lymph nodes. If a woman is infected during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, it can cause congenital rubella syndrome in the fetus, resulting in defects like deafness, heart problems, and intellectual disabilities. Diagnosis involves isolating the virus or detecting antibodies in blood tests. Vaccination is the best way to prevent rubella infection and its complications.
Rubella - German Measeles
Rubella, also known as German measles or three-day measles, is an infection caused by the rubella virus. This disease is often mild with half of the people not realizing that they are infected. A rash may start around two weeks after exposure and last for three days.
Rubella
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nystagmus
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SN hearing loss
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Pertussis/Whooping cough
Pertussis, or whooping cough, is an acute respiratory infection caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. It is highly contagious and spreads through coughing or sneezing. Symptoms include violent coughing fits that can last for weeks. Complications are most common in infants under 6 months old and can include pneumonia, seizures, and even death. Treatment involves antibiotics and supportive care. Vaccination provides effective prevention.
Rubella (German Measles)
#Rubella #German measles
Rubella is also known as German measles because the disease was first described by German physicians, Friedrich Hoffmann, in the mid-eighteenth century.
RUBELLA
This document provides information on Rubella (German measles) including its history, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. Some key points:
- Rubella is a mild viral illness that was first described in the 18th century. It can cause birth defects if a pregnant woman is infected.
- A large rubella epidemic in the US in 1964-1965 resulted in over 20,000 cases of congenital rubella syndrome.
- Rubella is generally a mild childhood disease but infection during early pregnancy can cause severe birth defects collectively called congenital rubella syndrome.
- Diagnosis is made through virus isolation, serologic testing for IgM antibodies or IgG seroconversion between acute
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Rubella (German measles) is a disease caused by the rubella virus. Rubella is usually a mild illness. Most people who have had rubella or the vaccine are protected against the virus for the rest of their life. Because of routine vaccination against rubella since 1970 , rubella is now rarely reported.
leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease caused by Leptospira interrogans that is distributed worldwide but mostly affects populations in rural and semi-urban areas. It is transmitted through contact with water or soil contaminated by infected animal urine. Clinical presentation varies from mild flu-like symptoms to severe disease affecting multiple organs. Diagnosis involves serological tests, culture or PCR. Treatment is with doxycycline or penicillin with supportive care for organ complications. Prevention focuses on rodent control, vaccination of animals, and avoiding contact with contaminated water sources.
Rubella (Seminar)
Rubella, also known as German measles, is a contagious viral illness caused by the rubella virus. It is most common in children between 5-10 years of age. The virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets. Common symptoms include a rash and tender lymph nodes. If a woman is infected during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, it can cause congenital rubella syndrome in the fetus, resulting in defects like deafness, heart problems, and intellectual disabilities. Diagnosis involves isolating the virus or detecting antibodies in blood tests. Vaccination is the best way to prevent rubella infection and its complications.
Rubella - German Measeles
Rubella, also known as German measles or three-day measles, is an infection caused by the rubella virus. This disease is often mild with half of the people not realizing that they are infected. A rash may start around two weeks after exposure and last for three days.
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Pertussis/Whooping cough
Pertussis, or whooping cough, is an acute respiratory infection caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. It is highly contagious and spreads through coughing or sneezing. Symptoms include violent coughing fits that can last for weeks. Complications are most common in infants under 6 months old and can include pneumonia, seizures, and even death. Treatment involves antibiotics and supportive care. Vaccination provides effective prevention.
Rubella (German Measles)
#Rubella #German measles
Rubella is also known as German measles because the disease was first described by German physicians, Friedrich Hoffmann, in the mid-eighteenth century.
RUBELLA
This document provides information on Rubella (German measles) including its history, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. Some key points:
- Rubella is a mild viral illness that was first described in the 18th century. It can cause birth defects if a pregnant woman is infected.
- A large rubella epidemic in the US in 1964-1965 resulted in over 20,000 cases of congenital rubella syndrome.
- Rubella is generally a mild childhood disease but infection during early pregnancy can cause severe birth defects collectively called congenital rubella syndrome.
- Diagnosis is made through virus isolation, serologic testing for IgM antibodies or IgG seroconversion between acute
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Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses types A, B, and C. Type A is more pathogenic and causes pandemics by mutating into new subtypes. The virus attaches to respiratory cells using hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins. Symptoms include fever, cough, and sore throat. Complications can include pneumonia. Antiviral drugs like oseltamivir and zanamivir can reduce symptoms if taken early. Vaccination is recommended for high-risk groups annually.
Chickenpox
Chickenpox is caused by the varicella zoster virus and presents as a red, itchy rash all over the body. It most commonly affects children between ages 4-12, especially in warmer months. Symptoms include fever, abdominal pain, and sore throat. While the virus is contagious before the rash appears, it spreads through direct contact with the rash. Treatment focuses on rest, nail cutting to prevent infection, and anti-itch creams. A vaccine using a weakened virus can protect children under 13 who have not had chickenpox.
Measles
Measles is a highly infectious viral illness that spreads through coughing, sneezing, or direct contact with infected mucus. It causes a high fever and red blotchy rash. Complications can include ear infections, pneumonia, and rarely encephalitis. There is no specific treatment, though vitamin A and fluids can help recovery. Measles is preventable through routine MMR vaccination in childhood.
LEPTOSPIROSIS (Preventive Medicine)
Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease caused by Leptospira interrogans bacteria transmitted via contact with contaminated water or soil. It commonly occurs in tropical countries with heavy rainfall. Symptoms include high fever, severe headache, jaundice and vomiting. While most cases are mild, some can lead to serious complications or death if not treated promptly with antibiotics. Prevention focuses on public health education, sanitation efforts, and limiting exposure to contaminated environments and animals.
Measles
This document provides information about measles including:
1. Measles is caused by a paramyxovirus that is transmitted via respiratory droplets and spreads from the nasopharynx.
2. Clinical features include an incubation period of 10-12 days followed by a prodrome of fever and cough, appearance of Koplik spots in the mouth, and a maculopapular rash that starts on the face and spreads.
3. Complications can include diarrhea, otitis media, pneumonia, encephalitis, and death in rare cases. Vaccination with two doses of the MMR vaccine is recommended for prevention.
Pertussis
Pertussis, or whooping cough, is a highly contagious bacterial disease caused by Bordetella pertussis. It is characterized by severe coughing spells that can end with a "whooping" sound when breathing in. While most severe in infants under 1 year old, it is very contagious and spreads through coughs or sneezes. Treatment focuses on limiting coughing fits through antibiotics and supportive care, with vaccination providing the best prevention against this potentially serious disease.
Measles.pptx
Measles is a highly infectious childhood disease caused by the measles virus. It is characterized by fever and a rash. While the disease itself is usually not fatal, it can lead to serious complications like pneumonia, encephalitis, and malnutrition. Transmission occurs via respiratory droplets. There is no specific treatment for measles, but supportive care and vitamin A supplementation can help recovery. Immunization with the measles vaccine provides lifelong protection and is the most effective preventive strategy.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PERTUSSIS
This document summarizes the epidemiology of pertussis (whooping cough). It is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis and is highly contagious. It most often affects infants and young children under 5 years old. The disease has three stages - catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent. Control efforts focus on early diagnosis, treatment, and isolation of cases. Close contacts are given preventative antibiotics. Active immunization through the DPT vaccine as part of national immunization programs provides the best protection against pertussis.
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Pertussis, also known as whooping cough is a highly contagious bacterial disease mainly caused by Bordetella pertussis.
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This document provides information on Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR). It describes the causative agents, signs and symptoms, transmission, treatment and prevention methods for each disease. Measles is highly infectious and a major cause of childhood mortality. Mumps typically causes swelling of the salivary glands. Rubella infection during pregnancy can cause congenital rubella syndrome in the fetus. The MMR vaccine provides protection against all three diseases and is an important tool for their control and elimination through vaccination programs outlined in the World Health Organization's Global Measles and Rubella Strategic Plan.
Pertussis
This document provides an overview of pertussis (whooping cough), including its epidemiology, microbiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and prevention. Pertussis is highly contagious acute respiratory illness caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It is transmitted through respiratory droplets. While widespread vaccination has reduced cases, incidence has been rising since the 1990s. Pertussis usually presents in stages, from an initial catarrhal stage to a paroxysmal stage with severe coughing fits. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, leukocytosis, and testing like culture or PCR. Management involves supportive care, hospitalization if needed, isolation, antimicrobial therapy like azithromycin or
Rubella
Rubella, also known as German measles, is a contagious viral infection spread through respiratory droplets from infected individuals. It causes a distinctive red rash and swollen lymph nodes. While usually mild, rubella infection during pregnancy can cause fetal death or congenital defects known as congenital rubella syndrome. There is no specific treatment for rubella, but it is preventable through vaccination.
Rubella
Rubella, also known as German measles, is a contagious viral infection caused by the rubella virus. It presents with flu-like symptoms including a rash and swollen lymph nodes. While usually mild, rubella infection during pregnancy can cause congenital rubella syndrome in the fetus, resulting in deafness, eye abnormalities, and heart defects. The rubella virus is transmitted through the air via coughs or sneezes and can be prevented through vaccination with the MMR vaccine.
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease caused by Leptospira bacteria. It is most commonly spread by contact with urine from infected animals like rats. It is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions like India where it is a major public health problem. Symptoms range from mild flu-like illness to severe complications involving multiple organ systems. Prompt treatment with antibiotics can be effective if started early, but otherwise it can lead to complications and even death in severe cases. Prevention focuses on improving sanitation and hygiene to reduce contact with infected animal urine.
Rabies
Rabies is a fatal viral disease affecting the central nervous system caused by the Lyssavirus. It is transmitted primarily through animal bites, especially from rabid dogs which account for 99% of human cases in India. There are three main forms - urban rabies transmitted by domestic dogs, wildlife rabies perpetuated by animals like jackals and foxes, and bat rabies spread by vampire bats. Symptoms include malaise, headache and pain at the bite site followed by neurological symptoms like fear of water and light, increased salivation and spasms. Diagnosis involves identifying a history of animal bite and detecting the virus. Treatment is supportive and vaccination is given as post-exposure prophylaxis. Nursing care focuses on
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Hello friends i am BSc Nursing intern.This presentation of mine covers almost each and every aspect related to swine flu.Hope it will help you to increase your knowledge regarding the topic.Looking forward to your feedback.Thank you
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Undergraduate students' slide presentation of Leptospirosis for SHEQ3122 Public Health Microbiology under Prof. Thong Kwai Lin (2014/2015).
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The document summarizes information about influenza (flu) including:
1. Flu symptoms are usually more severe than a cold and include fever, muscle aches, and cough. Flu can make people feel quite ill for days or weeks.
2. High risk groups for flu include those over 50, young children, pregnant women, and those with chronic illnesses.
3. Flu spreads through droplets from coughs or sneezes and has an incubation period of 1-3 days. Proper hygiene and avoiding contact can help prevent spread.
Human para influenza virus
Human Parainfluenza Virus (HPIV) is a common cause of respiratory infections, especially in children. There are 4 types of HPIV that can cause illnesses ranging from mild upper respiratory infections to severe croup. HPIV is an enveloped RNA virus that enters host cells and replicates through transcription and translation of viral proteins. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms like cough and stridor. Precautions like masks and handwashing are recommended to prevent transmission through respiratory droplets.
Measles
Measles is a highly contagious viral disease caused by the measles virus. It is characterized by fever, cough, runny nose, and a red blotchy rash. The measles virus lives in the mucus of the nose and throat and spreads through contact with infected droplets. Symptoms include high fever, sore eyes, small white spots inside the mouth, and a spreading rash. Complications can include ear infections, pneumonia, and encephalitis. There is no specific treatment for measles other than managing symptoms, but vaccination provides excellent lifelong immunity against the virus.
GEMC - Measles, Mumps, Rubella - for Nurses
This is a lecture by Katherine A Perry from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
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Chickenpox
Chickenpox is caused by the varicella zoster virus and presents as a red, itchy rash all over the body. It most commonly affects children between ages 4-12, especially in warmer months. Symptoms include fever, abdominal pain, and sore throat. While the virus is contagious before the rash appears, it spreads through direct contact with the rash. Treatment focuses on rest, nail cutting to prevent infection, and anti-itch creams. A vaccine using a weakened virus can protect children under 13 who have not had chickenpox.
Measles
Measles is a highly infectious viral illness that spreads through coughing, sneezing, or direct contact with infected mucus. It causes a high fever and red blotchy rash. Complications can include ear infections, pneumonia, and rarely encephalitis. There is no specific treatment, though vitamin A and fluids can help recovery. Measles is preventable through routine MMR vaccination in childhood.
LEPTOSPIROSIS (Preventive Medicine)
Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease caused by Leptospira interrogans bacteria transmitted via contact with contaminated water or soil. It commonly occurs in tropical countries with heavy rainfall. Symptoms include high fever, severe headache, jaundice and vomiting. While most cases are mild, some can lead to serious complications or death if not treated promptly with antibiotics. Prevention focuses on public health education, sanitation efforts, and limiting exposure to contaminated environments and animals.
Measles
This document provides information about measles including:
1. Measles is caused by a paramyxovirus that is transmitted via respiratory droplets and spreads from the nasopharynx.
2. Clinical features include an incubation period of 10-12 days followed by a prodrome of fever and cough, appearance of Koplik spots in the mouth, and a maculopapular rash that starts on the face and spreads.
3. Complications can include diarrhea, otitis media, pneumonia, encephalitis, and death in rare cases. Vaccination with two doses of the MMR vaccine is recommended for prevention.
Pertussis
Pertussis, or whooping cough, is a highly contagious bacterial disease caused by Bordetella pertussis. It is characterized by severe coughing spells that can end with a "whooping" sound when breathing in. While most severe in infants under 1 year old, it is very contagious and spreads through coughs or sneezes. Treatment focuses on limiting coughing fits through antibiotics and supportive care, with vaccination providing the best prevention against this potentially serious disease.
Measles.pptx
Measles is a highly infectious childhood disease caused by the measles virus. It is characterized by fever and a rash. While the disease itself is usually not fatal, it can lead to serious complications like pneumonia, encephalitis, and malnutrition. Transmission occurs via respiratory droplets. There is no specific treatment for measles, but supportive care and vitamin A supplementation can help recovery. Immunization with the measles vaccine provides lifelong protection and is the most effective preventive strategy.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PERTUSSIS
This document summarizes the epidemiology of pertussis (whooping cough). It is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis and is highly contagious. It most often affects infants and young children under 5 years old. The disease has three stages - catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent. Control efforts focus on early diagnosis, treatment, and isolation of cases. Close contacts are given preventative antibiotics. Active immunization through the DPT vaccine as part of national immunization programs provides the best protection against pertussis.
Anthrax
Anthrax is caused by the bacteria Bacillus anthracis. It can infect humans through contact with infected animals or animal products, as well as through inhalation of anthrax spores. There are three main types - cutaneous (skin), inhalation (lungs), and gastrointestinal (digestive system). Symptoms vary depending on type but can include lesions, vomiting, diarrhea, and respiratory issues. Anthrax spores can also be used as a biological weapon. Diagnosis involves cultures and antibody tests while treatment requires long courses of antibiotics.
Whooping cough
Pertussis, also known as whooping cough is a highly contagious bacterial disease mainly caused by Bordetella pertussis.
MEASLES, MUMPS & RUBELLA
This document provides information on Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR). It describes the causative agents, signs and symptoms, transmission, treatment and prevention methods for each disease. Measles is highly infectious and a major cause of childhood mortality. Mumps typically causes swelling of the salivary glands. Rubella infection during pregnancy can cause congenital rubella syndrome in the fetus. The MMR vaccine provides protection against all three diseases and is an important tool for their control and elimination through vaccination programs outlined in the World Health Organization's Global Measles and Rubella Strategic Plan.
Pertussis
This document provides an overview of pertussis (whooping cough), including its epidemiology, microbiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and prevention. Pertussis is highly contagious acute respiratory illness caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It is transmitted through respiratory droplets. While widespread vaccination has reduced cases, incidence has been rising since the 1990s. Pertussis usually presents in stages, from an initial catarrhal stage to a paroxysmal stage with severe coughing fits. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, leukocytosis, and testing like culture or PCR. Management involves supportive care, hospitalization if needed, isolation, antimicrobial therapy like azithromycin or
Rubella
Rubella, also known as German measles, is a contagious viral infection spread through respiratory droplets from infected individuals. It causes a distinctive red rash and swollen lymph nodes. While usually mild, rubella infection during pregnancy can cause fetal death or congenital defects known as congenital rubella syndrome. There is no specific treatment for rubella, but it is preventable through vaccination.
Rubella
Rubella, also known as German measles, is a contagious viral infection caused by the rubella virus. It presents with flu-like symptoms including a rash and swollen lymph nodes. While usually mild, rubella infection during pregnancy can cause congenital rubella syndrome in the fetus, resulting in deafness, eye abnormalities, and heart defects. The rubella virus is transmitted through the air via coughs or sneezes and can be prevented through vaccination with the MMR vaccine.
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease caused by Leptospira bacteria. It is most commonly spread by contact with urine from infected animals like rats. It is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions like India where it is a major public health problem. Symptoms range from mild flu-like illness to severe complications involving multiple organ systems. Prompt treatment with antibiotics can be effective if started early, but otherwise it can lead to complications and even death in severe cases. Prevention focuses on improving sanitation and hygiene to reduce contact with infected animal urine.
Rabies
Rabies is a fatal viral disease affecting the central nervous system caused by the Lyssavirus. It is transmitted primarily through animal bites, especially from rabid dogs which account for 99% of human cases in India. There are three main forms - urban rabies transmitted by domestic dogs, wildlife rabies perpetuated by animals like jackals and foxes, and bat rabies spread by vampire bats. Symptoms include malaise, headache and pain at the bite site followed by neurological symptoms like fear of water and light, increased salivation and spasms. Diagnosis involves identifying a history of animal bite and detecting the virus. Treatment is supportive and vaccination is given as post-exposure prophylaxis. Nursing care focuses on
swine Flu Influenza Pptx
Hello friends i am BSc Nursing intern.This presentation of mine covers almost each and every aspect related to swine flu.Hope it will help you to increase your knowledge regarding the topic.Looking forward to your feedback.Thank you
Leptospirosis
Undergraduate students' slide presentation of Leptospirosis for SHEQ3122 Public Health Microbiology under Prof. Thong Kwai Lin (2014/2015).
Influenza
The document summarizes information about influenza (flu) including:
1. Flu symptoms are usually more severe than a cold and include fever, muscle aches, and cough. Flu can make people feel quite ill for days or weeks.
2. High risk groups for flu include those over 50, young children, pregnant women, and those with chronic illnesses.
3. Flu spreads through droplets from coughs or sneezes and has an incubation period of 1-3 days. Proper hygiene and avoiding contact can help prevent spread.
Human para influenza virus
Human Parainfluenza Virus (HPIV) is a common cause of respiratory infections, especially in children. There are 4 types of HPIV that can cause illnesses ranging from mild upper respiratory infections to severe croup. HPIV is an enveloped RNA virus that enters host cells and replicates through transcription and translation of viral proteins. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms like cough and stridor. Precautions like masks and handwashing are recommended to prevent transmission through respiratory droplets.
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Measles is a highly contagious viral disease caused by the measles virus. It is characterized by fever, cough, runny nose, and a red blotchy rash. The measles virus lives in the mucus of the nose and throat and spreads through contact with infected droplets. Symptoms include high fever, sore eyes, small white spots inside the mouth, and a spreading rash. Complications can include ear infections, pneumonia, and encephalitis. There is no specific treatment for measles other than managing symptoms, but vaccination provides excellent lifelong immunity against the virus.
GEMC - Measles, Mumps, Rubella - for Nurses
This is a lecture by Katherine A Perry from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
11 Measles
Measles is an acute viral infection caused by the measles virus. It is characterized by a maculopapular rash that spreads over the body and is accompanied by a high fever. It is highly contagious through respiratory droplets. Complications can include pneumonia, encephalitis, and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Diagnosis is usually made clinically based on symptoms and rash appearance. Treatment is supportive and includes antivirals and vitamin A. Prevention is through vaccination.
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This document provides an overview of measles, including:
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- Details on the measles virus, disease transmission and presentation, complications, diagnosis and management.
- The impact of vaccination programs on measles epidemiology, herd immunity thresholds, and challenges in eliminating transmission.
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Measles
This document discusses measles, a highly contagious viral disease caused by the paramyxovirus. It defines three classifications of measles based on severity and presence of complications. The disease is transmitted through respiratory secretions, blood, and urine via direct contact with infected individuals. Clinical features include cough, runny nose, conjunctivitis, fever, Koplik spots, and rash. Complications can include otitis media, pneumonia, bronchitis, and convulsions. Nursing considerations for treatment involve isolation, rest, supportive care including vitamin A, and skin and eye care. Prevention focuses on controlling infection sources, interrupting transmission, protecting susceptibles through active/passive immunization, and routine measles vaccination
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This document provides an overview of several congenital, perinatal, and neonatal viral infections. It summarizes the characteristics, risks, outcomes, prevention, and diagnosis of rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, parvovirus B19, and varicella-zoster virus infections during pregnancy and in newborns. For each virus, it discusses transmission routes, clinical features of infection, risks of transmission and outcomes for the fetus or newborn, methods of diagnosis, and approaches to prevention and management.
8 measles
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection characterized by a maculopapular rash. It is caused by measles virus and spreads through respiratory droplets. Common symptoms include fever, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis. Koplik spots may appear in the mouth before the rash. Complications can include pneumonia, encephalitis, and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Diagnosis is usually based on clinical presentation. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, with supportive care and antibiotics for secondary infections. Prevention involves vaccination and quarantine after exposure.
Chickenpox
Varicella, also known as chickenpox, is caused by the varicella zoster virus and causes a itchy rash. It is highly contagious and spreads through direct contact or respiratory droplets. Symptoms include a blister-like rash covering the body and fever. While most children are infected by age 15, vaccination programs have reduced occurrence. Control involves isolation of infected individuals until lesions have crusted, quarantine of contacts, and vaccination or immune globulin for susceptible contacts after exposure. Antiviral drugs can also treat or prevent infection in high-risk groups.
Rubell ppt
Rubella, also known as German measles, is generally a mild viral illness that is often asymptomatic in children but can cause serious birth defects if contracted during pregnancy. It spreads through respiratory droplets. While rubella itself is usually not serious, infection during the first trimester of pregnancy can lead to congenital rubella syndrome in the fetus, causing defects such as deafness, heart problems, and cataracts. The rubella virus was isolated in 1962. An attenuated vaccine was developed in 1967 and is included in the routine MMR vaccine for children, helping to control outbreaks and prevent congenital rubella syndrome through herd immunity.
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The document discusses several viral diseases including herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, varicella (chickenpox), herpes zoster (shingles), rubeola (measles), and epidemic parotitis (mumps). It provides details on the etiology, clinical features, treatment, and prognosis of each disease. The diseases are spread through respiratory droplets, contact with lesions, or sexual contact. Clinical features may include lesions, rashes, fever, and lymphadenopathy. Treatment involves antivirals, analgesics, and supportive care.
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Air borne diseases
Airborne diseases can be transmitted via droplets or aerosols inhaled from an infected person. They include viral infections like influenza, measles, and tuberculosis, as well as some bacterial infections. Transmission occurs through direct contact with respiratory droplets or indirect contact with droplet nuclei that remain suspended in the air. Emerging airborne infections of concern include avian influenza, swine flu, SARS, and MERS-CoV. Vaccines exist for many common airborne diseases and public health measures can help control outbreaks.
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Respiratory system diseases
In humans the respiratory tract is
the part of the anatomy that has to
do with the process of respiration.
The respiratory tract is divided into
3 segments:
Upper respiratory tract: nose and nasal passages, paranasal sinuses, and throat or pharynx
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Lungs: respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli
Common Infectious Diseases In Primary Care Gloria Enop 6036
Common infectious diseases discussed include viral infections like varicella, rubella, measles, roseola, erythema infectiosum, cytomegalovirus; parasitic infections such as schistosomiasis, giardiasis, hookworm, ascariasis, enterobiasis; insect-borne diseases including malaria, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, dengue fever, and Lyme disease. Symptoms, transmission, treatment and prevention are described for each condition.
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This document provides a summary of rubella in 3 sentences:
Rubella, also known as German measles, is a mild viral infection usually affecting children under 10 years old. While the illness is usually mild, rubella infection during pregnancy can cause serious birth defects in the fetus known as congenital rubella syndrome. The rubella virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets and causes a rash and mild fever.
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Respiratory disorders are the most common illnesses affecting children. They account for half of pediatric primary care visits and one-third of hospital admissions. The most frequent respiratory infections in children are caused by viruses like RSV. Bacterial pathogens like Streptococcus pneumoniae also commonly cause pneumonia. Conditions range from mild upper respiratory infections to serious illnesses like bronchiolitis and pneumonia that occasionally require hospitalization. Proper management depends on the specific pathogen, age of the child, and severity of symptoms.
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The document discusses diseases of the respiratory system, including infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract. It describes common upper respiratory infections like strep throat, caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. It notes potential complications of untreated strep throat like rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. It also discusses lower respiratory infections like pneumonia, describing the typical symptoms and treatments for pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. It provides details on other respiratory infections such as diphtheria, whooping cough, tuberculosis, and Legionnaire's disease.
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German measles
- 2. Also called as three-day measles/rubella From Latin meaning "little red" Discovered in 18th century - thought to be variant of measles First described as distinct clinical entity in German literature Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) described by Gregg in 1941
- 3. Causative agent: Rubella virus Rna Virus of the Togaviridae Family genus Rubivirus Spherical in shape Highly sensitive to heat, extremes of pH At 4°C, virus is relatively stable for 24 hours
- 4. Occurs worldwide The virus tends to peak in countries with temperate climates Common in children ages 5-10 years old Human are only known reservoir
- 5. Airborne droplet emission Infected person coughs or sneezes Acquired during pregnancy (1st Trimester) Virus can enter via the Placenta (Congenital Rubella Syndrome)
- 6. between 14-21 days
- 7. Rubella Virus Developed in the nasopharynx Respiratory Tract Skin Lymph Nodes Joints Placent a or Fetus • Cough • Minor sore throat • Rashe s • Lesion s • Lymphadenophat y • Mild arthralgi a • arthritis • Placentiti s • Fetal Damage
- 8. Rubella virus Transmitted via respiratory droplets Infects cells in the upper respiratory tract Virus multiplie s Extends in the regional lymph nodes Virus replicates in the nasopahrnx Infection is established in the skin and other tissues including the respiratory tract Forscheime r’s Spot may develop Rashes develops, cough etc. Virus can be found in the skin, bloo d and respirator y tract
- 9. Diagnosis: doctor suspects whether patient has measles Virus culture/ blood test Recent infection With german measles vaccine Vaccination and proper intervention s German Measles left untreated, it may cause complications: Rubella Arthritis, Encephalitis, Purpura bronchitis, abscesses in the ears and pneumonia
- 10. Aching joints Enlarged lymph nodes Headache skin rashes that consists of small rounded spots Fatigue Inflamed red eyes Runny nose Cough Sore throat
- 12. Forscheimer’s Spot enanthem seen as small, red spots (petechiae) in 20% of patients similar spots can be seen in measles and scarlet fever
- 13. Occurs during the first trimester of pregnancy Affects the development of the fetus may lead to several birth defects Infection may affect all organs May lead to fetal death or premature delivery Severity of damage to fetus depends AOG. Infants: virus is isolated from urine and feces
- 14. Eye defects Cataracts, glaucoma Deafness Cardiac defects Patent ductus arteriosus.. Bone lesions Psychiatric disoreder Central Nervous system Retardation, microcephaly
- 16. Isolation and quarantine Increase fluid intake Encourage the patient to rest Good ventilation Encourage the patient to drink either lemon or orange juice Provide health teaching about Rubella (cause, immunizations)
- 17. There are no current treatments that can shorten the course of German measles infection.
- 18. Mumps-Rubella Immunization (MMR) Children 12 and 15 months and again between 3-6 years of age