Cancer is caused by damage to DNA that causes cells to multiply uncontrollably and form tumors. There are over 100 types of cancer that can affect different parts of the body. Cancer spreads via metastasis where cancer cells break off from the original tumor and travel through the bloodstream to form new tumors in other parts of the body. Early detection of cancer increases the chances of successful treatment, while risk factors like tobacco, alcohol, UV exposure, and certain viruses can increase the risk of developing cancer. Screening tests can help detect cancers early before symptoms appear.

1. CANCER
COME, LET US KNOW IT
BETTER!!
07 March 2014

2. Background
Cells divide and multiply as
the body needs them. When
these cells continue
multiplying when the body
doesn't need them, the result
is a mass or growth, also
called a tumour.

3. INTRODUCTION

4. What is Cancer? (continued)
Cells can become cancerous because of damage to the cell’s DNA (DNA directs all of the
cells’ actions). In cancer cells damaged DNA is not repaired, and the cell will go on
making new cells with the damaged DNA. These mutations in the DNA may promote cell
growth, interfere with growth restraint, or prevent cell death. Cancer can often arise
slowly developing over several decades. The abnormal mass of cells is called a tumor.
Cancer is not just one disease but many diseases. There are more than 100 different
types of cancer; they have different characteristics, occur in different locations of the
body, take different courses, and require different treatments.

5. The Characteristics of
Cancer
 As genes switch on and off, they determine when and
how fast the cell will grow and divide, when it will stop
dividing, and even when it will die. Cancer can result
when controls over cell division are lost…

6. IS CANCER 100% CURABLE???????
YES…….…IF DETECTED EARLY!!!!
 Early detection of cancer is
very important because at
the time when cancer start
developing in human body,
in most of the cancer cases
depending on the type of
cancer it doesn’t show any
early symptoms like
Jaundice, Malaria, etc..
 And also if cancer is
detected and treated at
the early stage then it is
100% curable.

7. WHY IS CRAB ( )THE SYMBOL OF
CANCER?
 “Cancer” is the Latin word for crab.
 In its natural habitat, a crab is a fast,
resilient decapod crustacean that
springs to action and moves in
multiple directions.
 Similarly cancer spreads from the
place at which it first arose as a
primary tumor to distant
locations in the body.

8. HOW DOES IT SPREAD IN OUR BODY?
•The cells within malignant tumors
have the ability to invade neighboring
tissues and organs, thus spreading the
disease.
•It is also possible for cancerous cells
to break free from the tumor site and
enter the bloodstream, spreading the
disease to other organs.
•This process of spreading is called
metastasis.

9. STAGES OF CANCER (colon)
Stage 0: Very early cancer on the innermost
layer of the intestine
Stage I: Cancer is in the inner layers of the
colon
Stage II: Cancer has spread through the
muscle wall of the colon
Stage III: Cancer has spread to the lymph
nodesStage IV: Cancer that has spread to other organs

10. WHICH PARTS OF THE BODY ARE AFFECTED BY
CANCER?
 Almost all the major parts of our body may be affected by cancer.

11. CAUSES OF CANCER

12. Cancer Is One Outcome of A Runaway Cell Cycle
Licentious division - prostate cancer cells during division.

14. Carcinogenesis – development
of cancer
Tends to be gradual, takes
years
The Cell Cycle and Cancer

15. Cancer Cells Versus Normal Cells

18. Cancer Treatment
 Chemotherapy treatment
 uses medicine to weaken and destroy cancer cells in the body, including
cells at the original cancer site and any cancer cells that may have spread
to another part of the body.

19. Hormone therapy
 Some types of cancer, for example, breast cancer and prostate
cancer, depend on hormones to grow. For this reason, doctors
may recommend therapy that prevents cancer cells from
getting or using the hormones they need. Sometimes, the
patient has surgery to remove the organs (like the ovaries or
testes) that make the hormones. Or drugs are used to stop
hormone production or change the way the hormones work.
Hormone therapy may cause nausea, swelling of the limbs or
weight gain through water retention. In women, there may be
irregular periods and vaginal dryness. In men, there may be
impotence or loss of sexual desire.

20. Biological Therapy
 Biological therapy, also called immunotherapy, uses the
body's own immune system to fight infection and
disease or protect the body from some of the side
effects of other forms of treatment. Monoclonal
antibodies, interferon, interleukin-2, and colony-
stimulating factors such as GM-CSF and G-CSF, are forms
of biological therapy. These treatments often cause
temporary flu-like symptoms such as fever and chills,
muscle aches and weakness, loss of appetite and
diarrhoea.

21. Cancer Prevention (continued)
5. Limit alcohol consumption to no more than one drink
per day for women, or two for men. Alcohol use has been linked to increased
risk mouth, throat, voice box, esophagus, liver, breast, colon and rectum and the
risk increases with the amount of alcohol consumed.
6. Practice safe sex. Both HPV, the most common STD, and Hepatitis B can cause cancer.
7. Protect your skin from sun exposure.
The sun's UV rays cause the vast majority of skin cancers includi.ng melanoma,
which can be life-threatening. Sun screen alone is not a good enough
preventative measure. One needs to wear protective clothing or seek
shade as well.
Works Cited
Greviskes, A. (April 15, 2010). The cancer blog: Develop a cancer
prevention program, http://www.thecancerblog.com/.
Whiney, E. a. (2008). Understanding Nutrition. Belmont:
Thomson Wadsworth.

22. PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE!!

23. Screening and Testing
Cancer screening refers to processes by which cancer can be detected before symptoms
occur. This often increases chances for recovery.
TYPES OF TESTS
There are over 200 different types of cancer, and many different methods of testing.
The following are basic categories of screening for cancer.
1.) Physical Examination and History:
-A doctor examines the body for lumps, changes, and any other abnormalities. The
doctor also considers age and personal history. This is the primary and least invasive of
all screening methods.
2.) Laboratory Tests:
-Samples of blood, urine, tissue biopsies, or other bodily substances are used to detect
cancer.
3.) Imaging Procedures:
- Images of the internal body systems can be obtained and analyzed
through X-ray, MRI, CT Scans, Colonoscopy, Endoscopy, Mammography etc.
4.) Genetic Tests:
-Tests that screen for mutations in DNA which can cause cancer.

24. Carcinogenesis Occurs in Predictable Steps

25. Benign and malignant
 Benign tumours do not spread from their site of origin, but can crowd
out (squash) surrounding cells eg brain tumour, warts.
 Malignant tumours can spread from the original site and cause
secondary tumours. This is called metastasis. They interfere with
neighbouring cells and can block blood vessels, the gut, glands, lungs
etc.
 Both types of tumour can tire the body out as they both need a huge
amount of nutrients to sustain the rapid growth and division of the
cells.

26. Main Features of Benign and
Malignant Tumors

27. Cancer Spreads Step-by-Step

28. AVOID

29. HARMFUL EFFECTS OF
TOBACCO

30. HARMFUL EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL

32. SYMPTOMS OF CANCER
‽Unexplained loss of weight
‽A wound that has not healed for a
long time
‽ Abnormal menstrual periods
‽Blood loss from any natural
orifice

33. APPROACHES TO CONTROL CANCER
 There are four principal approaches
to cancer control:
1. Prevention
2. Early Detection
3. Diagnosis and Treatment
4. Palliative Care

34. PROPER DIAGNOSIS
 Recognizing possible warning signs of
cancer and taking prompt action
leads to early diagnosis.
 Early diagnosis is particularly
relevant for cancers of the breast,
cervix, mouth, larynx, colon and
rectum, and skin.
 Screening is the presumptive
identification of unrecognized
disease or defects by means of tests,
examinations, or other procedures
that can be applied rapidly.

35. finally
 Remember you can’t inherit cancer its just that you
maybe more susceptible to getting it. so be careful and
prevent your self

36. LET US FIGHT CANCER!!!!!!

37. Cancer Support Groups
 There are several support groups to cancer patients and their
families.
America Cancer societies, Make A wish foundation, American Lung
Associations and several others.

38. THANK YOU!
THE END!

39. REFFERENCES LIST
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http://www.slideshare.net/carlalovesyou/cancer-ppt-from-mrs. access on 07 March 2014
Jilani, T. (2012). Research at Postgraduate Student cancer. [online] available:
http://www.slideshare.net/TkjJilani/cancer-13575103. access on 07 March 2014
Mulpuri, S. (2014). Cancer. [online]available:
http://www.slideshare.net/sreedevimulpuri/cancer-30031158. Access on 06 March 2014
Prajapat, S. (2013). Cancer. [online] available:
http://www.slideshare.net/suryaprajapat16/cancer-28843451. access on 07 March 2014
Zehner, M. (2010). Cancergroup4-final. [Online] available:
http://www.slideshare.net/MicheleZehner/cancergroup4-final11. access on 06 March 2014