Measles is caused by a morbillivirus that enters through the respiratory tract. It suppresses the immune system and targets the skin, eyes, lungs, intestines, and brain. There are three stages: incubation, prodromal with Koplik spots, and the rash/recovery stage. In 1954, researchers isolated the measles virus from a patient's blood, allowing them to create the first vaccine. An improved vaccine using the Edmonston strain was developed in 1968 and became the standard measles vaccine in the United States.

1. Pathology
“Study of disease & it’s characteristics ”
Pathogenesis
“Origination & Development of disease”

2.  Measles is caused by enveloped RNA virus of the
genus Morbillivirus
Morbili means small kind of smallpox
 Family Paramyxoviridae
Para means beyond, myxo
means mucous
 Spherical in shape
 Single Stranded

4. Portal Entery
> Respiratory tract and lymph nodes
 Enters into blood stream
 Affects the bronchi,intestine tissues,brain
and conjunctiva etc
 Suppresses the immune system

5. Target Organs
 Skin
 Conjunctiva
 NASOPHYARNX
 LUNGS
 INTESTINE TRACT

7.  Virus
(Morbillivirus)
(Attack)
 Mucous membrane
(Damage)
 Lung Tissue
 Local lymph nodes

8. Blood Stream (Virus present in it)
(Damages)
 Intestinal tract ( Diarrhea)
 Lungs Tissues (Pneumonia)
 Brain OR Spinal cord (Encephalitis)
 Enanthem (Koplik Spots)

10. Hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue usually
occurs.

11.  Koplik Spots are grayish white dots at pre-
pathogenic stage, usually as small as grains
of sand.
 After that became slight reddish at
pathogenic stage with whity centre.

12. It’s video time
about Koplik
Spots!

13. MYOCADITIS
CNS (ENCEPHALITS)
CONJUNCTIVITS
Otitis media
Croup(Kind of cough)

15.  Measles has three clinical stages:
1. Incubation stage
2. Prodromal stage with an enanthem
(Koplik spots)
3.Rash Stage or Recovery Stage

16. Incubation period:
 08-12days (average 10 days)
Prodromal period:
 3-5 days
 Specific symptoms > fever,
anorexia,headache ,cough & conjunctivitis
Recovery period: (10-12 days)
(In this stage, red spots disappeared known
as rash stage)

18. Rubeola is actually an
ordinary Measles.
Rubella is a German Measles.
Roseola in eruption of red
spots

21. 1. Health Department
2. Education
3. Population
4. PHED

22. 5. Food
6. Agriculture
7. Fisheries and
Livestock
8. Social protection

24.  In 1954, John F. Enders and Dr. Thomas C. Peebles
collected blood samples from several ill students
during a measles outbreak in Boston. They wanted to
isolate the measles virus in the student’s blood and
create a measles vaccine. They succeeded in isolating
measles in 13-year-old David Edmonston’s blood.
 In 1968, an improved and even weaker measles
vaccine, developed by Maurice Hilleman and
colleagues, began to be distributed. This vaccine,
called the Edmonston-Enders (formerly “Moraten”)
strain has been the only measles vaccine used in the
United States since 1968. Measles vaccine is usually
combination of weaken infectious factors of rubella ,
mumps and measles.