This ppt contains all the information about the epidemiology of Malaria. It is useful for students of the medical field learning Preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved), and everyone who is interested in knowing about it
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection.
It is exanthematous disease with fewer, cough, coryza (rhinitis) and conjunctivitis.
Before the widespread use of measles vaccines, it was estimated that measles caused between 5 million and 8 million deaths worldwide each year.
This ppt contains all the information about the epidemiology of Malaria. It is useful for students of the medical field learning Preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved), and everyone who is interested in knowing about it
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection.
It is exanthematous disease with fewer, cough, coryza (rhinitis) and conjunctivitis.
Before the widespread use of measles vaccines, it was estimated that measles caused between 5 million and 8 million deaths worldwide each year.
meningococcal meningitis is a very serious and fatal disease if not treated in time. the case fatality rate can go upto 50% in untreated cases .there are many strains which are responsible for its occurrence .it tend to occur both in endemic as well as in epidemic form. a qudrivalent vaccine is available for protection. recipient of this vaccine are to be given chemo prophylaxis .recently a vaccine against type b strain has been made avialable in canada for use in routine immunization
It discusses laboratory tests involved in diagnosing meningitis with more emphasis on details of each test and findings, esp useful for microbiologists and medical students.
Mumps is a viral infection that primarily affects saliva-producing (salivary) glands that are located near your ears. Mumps can cause swelling in one or both of these glands. Mumps was common in the United States until mumps vaccination became routine. Since then, the number of cases has dropped dramatically.
How long do mumps last?
Symptoms of mumps generally last about 10 days. Once you recover, you usually are immune from getting the mumps virus for the rest of your life.
Is the mumps serious?
A: Mumps can be serious, but most people with mumps recover completely within two weeks. While infected with mumps, many people feel tired and achy, have a fever, and swollen salivary glands on the side of the face
meningococcal meningitis is a very serious and fatal disease if not treated in time. the case fatality rate can go upto 50% in untreated cases .there are many strains which are responsible for its occurrence .it tend to occur both in endemic as well as in epidemic form. a qudrivalent vaccine is available for protection. recipient of this vaccine are to be given chemo prophylaxis .recently a vaccine against type b strain has been made avialable in canada for use in routine immunization
It discusses laboratory tests involved in diagnosing meningitis with more emphasis on details of each test and findings, esp useful for microbiologists and medical students.
Mumps is a viral infection that primarily affects saliva-producing (salivary) glands that are located near your ears. Mumps can cause swelling in one or both of these glands. Mumps was common in the United States until mumps vaccination became routine. Since then, the number of cases has dropped dramatically.
How long do mumps last?
Symptoms of mumps generally last about 10 days. Once you recover, you usually are immune from getting the mumps virus for the rest of your life.
Is the mumps serious?
A: Mumps can be serious, but most people with mumps recover completely within two weeks. While infected with mumps, many people feel tired and achy, have a fever, and swollen salivary glands on the side of the face
http://www.fridayschildmontessori.com/blog/727/ Whooping cough or pertussis is a very infectious disease that is characterised by prolonged coughing fits, often with a “whoop” sound during attempts to inhale, and frequently followed by vomiting. It can develop into complications such as pneumonia and even brain damage, and it is particularly serious in babies. Vaccination is a key part of prevention, which includes ensuring that four-year-olds have had booster shots. See your doctor if you or your child has a cough that doesn’t go away, and stay away from infants and women in late pregnancy.
In this presentation am talking about SIX KILLER DISEASES, [ tuberculosis, polio, tetanus, diphtheria, Pertussis also known as whooping cough and measles ] and you will learn more about their Causes, transmission, symptoms, prevention, and treatment i hope it helps you more.
Influenza is a viral infection. The virus can attack your respiratory system and cause pneumonia, headaches, and fatigue (tiredness). The flu virus can spread from person to person. When flu patients cough, sneeze or talk, they spray tiny droplets. These droplets will fall on the mouth or nose of nearby people. Complications may occur in some people who are infected with the flu. Some of these complications may be serious or even life-threatening. Flu symptoms appear suddenly. Diagnose flu. Provide your healthcare provider. The person first takes a medical history and asks about your symptoms. There are several flu tests. To perform the test, your doctor will use a cotton swab on the inside of your nose or the back of your throat. Then, you will be tested for the flu virus on the swab. Some tests are fast and can provide results within 15-20 minutes. However, these tests are not as accurate as other flu tests. These other tests can provide results within an hour or a few hours. Most people recover from the flu on their own without medical treatment.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
4. Measles What is it? Rash caused by a virus Causes A viral infection spread through contact of droplets from the nose, eye, mouth and throat Incidence Those who have had vaccinations or have previously contracted the measles are now immune to re-infection
5. Measles (cont.) Symptoms Bloodshot eyes Cough Fever Sensitivity to light Muscle Pain Rash (itchy, red areas that spread together) Redness and/or irritation of the eyes Runny nose Sore throat White spots in the mouth (Koplik’s spots)
6. Measles (cont.) Risk Factor Parents avoid vaccinations because of myths that the vaccine can cause autism Test Serology for measles Treatment No specific treatment Acetaminophen Bed rest Humid air
7. Measles (cont.) Prevention Routine immunization Taking serum immune globulin 6 days after exposure could reduce or prevent the effects of the virus Complications Bronchitis Encephalitis Ear infection Pneumonia
9. Mumps What is it? Painful swelling of the salivary glands Causes Mumps is a virus spread from person-to-person through respiratory droplets (i.e. sneezing) Incidence Most common in 2-12 year olds Contracting after exposure to the virus usually takes 12-24 days
10. Mumps (cont.) Symptoms Pain in the face Fever Headache Sore throat Swelling of the salivary glands Swelling of the jaw Specific to men: Testicle pain or lump Swelling of the scrotum
11. Mumps (cont.) Risk Factor Parents avoid vaccinations because of myths that the vaccine can cause autism Test Physically examining the salivary glands for swelling (not test) Treatment No specific treatment Ice or heat packs and acetaminophen for pain
12. Mumps (cont.) Prevention MMR immunization between the age of: 12-15 months Again between 4-6 years Again between 11-12 years
14. Rubella What is it? Also known as German measles or three-day measles Causes Rubella is a virus spread from person-to-person through air or close contact Incidence The virus is spread from 1 week before the rash begins, to 1-2 weeks after the rash is gone
15. Rubella (cont.) Symptoms Inflammation or bloodshot eyes Muscle or joint pain Bruising is a rare symptom Fever (adults) Headache (adults) Runny nose (adults)
16. Rubella (cont.) Risk Factor Parents avoid vaccinations because of myths that the vaccine can cause autism MMR vaccine wears off in adults Test Nasal or throat swab sent for a culture Treatment No specific treatment Acetaminophen for fever
18. Work Cited Kaneshiro, Neil K., and David Zieve. "Measles."PubMed Health. A.D.A.M, 26/7/2010. Web. 28 April 2011. <http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov>. Kaneshiro, Neil K. "Rubella." PubMed Health. A.D.A.M, 24 January 2011. Web. 24 May 2011. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov>. "Summary of Notifiable Diseases." Center for Disease Control. Center for Disease Control, 24 June 2010. Web. 24 May 2011. <http://www.cdc.gov>. Vorvick, Linda J., and David Zieve. "Mumps." PubMed Health. A.D.A.M, 13/5/2010. Web. 28 April 2011. <http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov>.
