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Language of Thought
- 1. Where does meaning start?
- 2. One place: from thinking
- 3. The Language of Thought Is it real?
- 4. Can we think without using language?
- 5. Young babies can’t speak, right?
- 7. If they can think, how can they?
- 8. How do they think differently from adults?
- 9. And how about animals?
- 10. They don’t have human-type languages
- 11. But they seem to be able to think (and learn)
- 12. And use tools to solve problems
- 13. Lots of examples
- 14. They must be thinking, right?
- 15. Pretty clever
- 16. How clever?
- 17. How clever?
- 18. Not as clever as humans
- 19. Humans are the cleverest
- 20. We are very clever
- 21. We are the most intelligent animals
- 22. Our intelligence is powerful
- 23. The internet gives us superpower
- 24. We are superior to animals
- 25. Our way of thinking is different
- 26. We can think abstractly
- 27. 抽象的思考
- 28. The meaning of meaning!
- 29. Does Linguistics give us the answer? • No • But • It gives us a way to think about some things • Which may be interesting • And may be boring sometimes
- 30. We are very very clever
- 32. Can WE think without using language?
- 33. Say we can… how?
- 34. Is there a language of thought?
- 35. Not Japanese or English …
- 36. Mentalese • A “language” • Thinking without “words”
- 37. Mothers want to know what they’re thinking
- 38. But how can they think?
- 39. Where did meaning come from?
- 40. Old way of thinking
- 41. New way of thinking
- 42. There’s not supposed to be meaning
- 43. Just nothingness and a huge explosion
- 44. Then SOMEHOW we get very simple animals
- 47. Which has a tail with a motor!
- 48. Random changes …
- 49. Leading to us!
- 50. So why meaningful thought?
- 53. Why all the meaningful “Fibonacci” stuff?
- 54. Why so many messages in nature?
- 56. Which everything and everybody understands
- 57. No need for an explanation
- 58. We get the message
- 59. Before it’s too late … usually
- 60. We’re always picking up messages
- 61. At least, MOST of the time
- 62. Why does meaning exist at all?
- 63. Shouldn’t we expect NO meaning?
- 64. Isn’t it all a bit surprising?
- 65. And what is meaning, anyway?
- 66. • 意味論 • Semantics • Semantic theory
- 67. In Linguistics • (In language-related communication) • What the sender sends • And what the receiver receives
- 68. Linguistic meaning • The thing a sender sends • And the thing a receiver receives • What? • That’s a bit disappointing!
- 69. Basically, it is a mystery
- 70. What’s that?
- 71. In Linguistics … • Meaning is at the beginning of communication • And at the end of communication • It’s MAGIC • And we use our magic words
- 72. It is at the beginning and the end of communication
- 73. But what is it?
- 74. Semantic meaning
- 75. Why do we keep using funny pictures here?
- 76. What is meaning in the mind?
- 77. Why do we always need a funny cloud or balloon or something?
- 78. What does the meaning look like before you put it into words?
- 79. And what does it look like after you receive it?
- 80. Answer: • We • Have • No • Idea • ! • !!
- 81. The true nature of meaning is a mystery
- 82. We have little idea why it exists or what it is like?
- 83. Which makes you free to think
- 84. You’re free to think
- 85. About deep philosophical and psychological problems
- 86. So semantics deals with big mysteries
- 87. And provides a SMALL part of the answers!
- 88. We can translate our languages into other languages
- 89. But what happens in our heads? Or outside our heads?
- 90. • We • Have • No • Idea • ! • !! • !!!
- 91. We only have hypothesis
- 93. We may be missing big ideas
- 94. Can we be sure that meaning is confined to the mind?
- 95. Maybe there are bigger mysteries
- 97. And what form does it take?
- 98. We don’t know • Linguistics is only concerned with limited questions • And only provides limited answers • So don’t feel TOO disappointed • You can still think for yourself
- 99. Word meaning • What is a word? • Where is the meaning in a word?
- 101. Why is it important?
- 102. Is it important?
- 103. Important because it’s meaningless?
- 104. • Ideas • Noun (phrase) • Idea • Noun • Ideas are useful • The idea is useful • The ideas are useful
- 105. • Big • Adjective • Green • Adjective • Bus • noun
- 106. • Finger • Noun • Long • Adjective • Furiously • Adverb
- 107. • Walk • Verb • Slowly • Adverb • Hit • Verb (could be a noun) • Silently • Adverb
- 108. • Quick • Adjective • Quickly • Adverb
- 109. • This • Determiner (Specifier) • That • Determiner (Specifier) • Those • Determiner (Specifier)
- 110. • Quietly • Adverb • Quiet • Adjective • Crazily • Adverb
- 111. Grammar is fine …
- 112. But it’s meaningless
- 113. Chomsky: Grammar and meaning are separate
- 114. Little activity • Get you thinking about meaning • It’s a game • So we’re going to make it a little difficult
- 115. IPA phonetic symbols • Easy consonants: • p (pie); t (tie); k (key); b (bee); d (die); g (guy); m (my); n (night); f (far); v (very); l (lie); w (why); h (high) ; s (sigh); z (fizzing)
- 116. Funny consonants ŋ (rang); θ (thigh); ð (then); ʃ (shy); ʒ (vision); tʃ (cheap); dʒ (jive)
- 117. Take your pick ɹ (rye); j (yes); ɸ (far); r (rye); y (yes); f (far)
- 118. Vowels i (sheep); ɪ (ship); eɪ (hate); ɛ (head); æ (had); ɑ (hard); ɒ (hod); ɔ (stored); ʊ (foot); ɔʊ (code); u (booed); ə (bird); ʌ (mud); ɑɪ (hide); ɑʊ (how); ɔɪ (boy); yu, ju (cued)
- 119. • Stored • stɔ:d • Code • kɔʊd • Cued • kju:d
- 120. • Bird • bə:d (UK) • bərd (US) • Car • kɑ: (UK) • kɑɹ (US) • kæ: (my hometown dialect!)
- 121. • Sheep • ʃip • Ship • ʃɪp
- 122. • Jumping jive • dʒʌmpɪŋdʒɑɪv
- 123. • Check it out • tʃɛkidɑʊt
- 124. • Her hair looks hot • hə:hɛ:lʊkshɔt • hə:hɛ:lʊkshɒt • hə:he:lʊkshɒt • (UK) • həɹhɛɹlʊkshɒt • həɹhɛɹlʊkshɑt • (US?)
- 125. v ‘an event of laughing (in the past)’ /læft/
- 126. V ‘an event of laughing (in the past)’ /la:ft/
- 127. ɑɪla:ftsɔʊlɑʊd I laughed so loud
- 128. n ‘a symbolic entity used to communicate’ wə:d
- 129. n ‘a symbolic entity used to communicate’ wəɹd
- 130. •ɑɪvɸʌgɔtʌnðʌwə:d • I’ve forgotten the word
- 131. n ‘a performance of some kind’ ʃɔʊ
- 132. • hævjusi:nðʌʃɔʊ • Have you seen the show?
- 133. v ‘the act of letting someone see something’ ʃɔʊ
- 134. • ʃɔʊɪtʊmipli:z • ʃɔʊɪtʌmipli:z • Show it to me please
- 135. adv ‘a place that is very close’ hɪə
- 136. adv ‘a place that is very close’ hɪʌ
- 137. adv ‘a place that is very close’ hɪr
- 138. adv ‘a place that is very close’ hɪɹ
- 139. • bɹɪŋðætɛlɪvɪʒʌnɔʊvəɹhiɹ • Bring that television over here
- 141. ‘act of using your mind’ v θIŋk
- 142. ‘a time before – not now’ adv ðen
- 143. ‘object with flat top’ n teibl
- 144. n ‘someone who encourages a team’ tʃiʌli:dʌ
- 145. ɸɪʃɪŋɹɒd n ‘a stick to catch water animals’
- 146. mɔʊbɑɪlɸɔʊn n ‘a hand held device for communicating orally’
- 147. • Let’s try some funny British words!
- 148. tɹɑʊzʌz n ‘clothes worn over the legs’
- 149. tɹɑʊzɪz n ‘clothes worn over the legs’
- 150. •Trousers
- 151. nækʌd ADJ ‘very tired or useless’
- 152. •knackered
- 153. gʌtɪd ADJ ‘very sad’
- 154. •Gutted
- 158. •Gobsmacked
- 159. kɔkʌp N ‘mistake’
- 160. •Cock up
- 162. • The bee’s knees
- 163. tʃʌndʌ V ‘to vomit’
- 164. •chunder
- 165. teɪkðəpis V ‘to make a fool of someone’
- 166. teɪkðʌpis V ‘to make a fool of someone’
- 167. •Take the piss
- 168. bɔlʌks N ‘nonsense’
- 169. bɒlʌks N ‘nonsense’
- 170. •Bollocks
- 171. Dɒdʒi Adj ‘illegal or somehow wrong’
- 172. Dɔdʒi Adj ‘illegal or somehow wrong’
- 173. •Dodgy
- 174. kəɸʌɸl N ‘An argument or fight’
- 175. kʌɸʌɸl N ‘An argument or fight’
- 176. Kʌfʌfl N ‘An argument or fight’
- 177. •Kerfuffle
- 179. •Wanker
- 182. •Tosh
- 184. •Hunky dory