A sentence is NOT a VP!!
It’s an Agreement Phrase?!?
Don’t worry!
We’re not doing this!
Bare Phrase Structure
apple
applepen
applepen
apple-pen
applepen
apple-pen
Bare
Phrase
Structure
applepen
apple-pen
Minimalism!
applepen
apple-pen
Minimalism!
noundeterminer
????????
noundeterminer
noun phrase
noun phraseverb
????????
noun phraseverb
verb Phrase
verb phrase
VAL < NP:sub >
noun phrase (sub)
????????
verb phrase
VAL < NP:sub >
noun phrase (sub)
????????
VAL < >
verb phrase
VAL < NP:sub >
noun phrase (sub)
SENTENCE
VAL < >
verb phrase
VAL < NP:sub >
noun phrase (sub)
Verb Phrase
VAL < >
verb phrase
VAL < NP:sub >
noun phrase (sub)
Verb Phrase
VAL < >
A
sentence
is a verb
phrase
with VAL
< >
nounadjective
????????
nounadjective
Noun (?)
nounadjective
Noun Phrase (?)
nounadjective
Noun
booksfour
????????????
booksfour
Noun Phrase
itpushed
????????????
itpushed
Verb Phrase
ranwe
????????????
ranwe
Sentence
ranwe
Sentence = VP: VAL < >
boylittle
????????????
boylittle
Noun or noun phrase
boylittle
Noun
ate the
oysters
carefully
????????????
ate the
oysters
carefully
Verb Phrase
Verb PhraseAdverb
Verb Phrase
Verb PhraseAdverb
Verb Phrase
Why?
“dropped
the ball”
“quickly”
quickly dropped the ball
SOUND
“dropped
the ball”
“quickly”
quickly dropped the ball
INHERITED FROM
BOTH PARENTS
/dropped
the ball/
/quickly/
/quickly dropped the ball/
MEANING
/dropped
the ball/
/quickly/
/quickly dropped the ball/
INHERITED FROM
BOTH PARENTS
Verb PhraseAdverb
Verb Phrase
GRAMMAR
Verb PhraseAdverb
Verb Phrase
SYNTAX
Verb PhraseAdverb
Verb Phrase
GRAMMAR IS ONLY
INHERITED FROM ONE
PARENT
grammar: verb
sound:“ate”
meaning: /ate/
sound: “it”
grammar: NP
meaning: /it/
grammar: verb
sound:“ate”
meaning: /ate/
sound: “it”
grammar: NP
meaning: /it/
sound: “ate it”
grammar: VP
meaning: /ate it/
grammar: det
sound:“the”
meaning: /the/
sound: “ball”
grammar: noun
meaning: /ball/
sound: “the ball”
grammar: noun
meaning: /the ball/
Bare Phrase Structure
punched the teacher
???? ?????
???????
Bare Phrase Structure
punched the teacher
verb ?????
???????
Bare Phrase Structure
punched the teacher
verb noun phrase
???????
Bare Phrase Structure
punched the teacher
verb noun phrase
verb phrase
Bare Phrase Structure
these papers
???????? ?????
???????
Bare Phrase Structure
these papers
determiner ?????
???????
Bare Phrase Structure
these papers
determiner noun
???????
Bare Phrase Structure
these papers
determiner noun
noun phrase
Bare Phrase Structure
threw the knife at the professor
???????? ?????
???????
Bare Phrase Structure
threw the knife at the professor
verb phrase ????????????
???????
Bare Phrase Structure
threw the knife at the professor
verb phrase prepositional phrase
???????
Bare Phrase Structure
threw the knife at the professor
verb phrase prepositional phrase
verb phrase
Bare Phrase Structure
walk -ed
???????? ?????
???????
Bare Phrase Structure
walk -ed
verb (lexeme) ?????
???????
Bare Phrase Structure
walk -ed
verb (lexeme) tense marker
???????
Bare Phrase Structure
walk -ed
verb (lexeme) tense marker
verb
Bare Phrase Structure
Those three boys pushed the
professor
down the
stairs
???????? ?????
???????
Bare Phrase Structure
Those three boys pushed the
professor
down the
stairs
Noun Phrase ?????
???????
Bare Phrase Structure
Those three boys pushed the
professor
down the
stairs
Noun Phrase verb phrase
???????
Bare Phrase Structure
Those three boys pushed the
professor
down the
stairs
Noun Phrase verb phrase
sentence
Bare Phrase Structure
Those three boys pushed the
professor
down the
stairs
Noun Phrase verb phrase
verb phrase A sentence is a VP
with an empty
VALENCY list
Bare Phrase Structure
猫を なでる
???????? ?????
???????
Bare Phrase Structure
猫を なでる
noun phrase ?????
???????
Bare Phrase Structure
猫を なでる
noun phrase verb
???????
Bare Phrase Structure
猫を なでる
noun phrase verb
verb phrase
Bare Phrase Structure
猫 を
???????? ?????
???????
Bare Phrase Structure
猫 を
noun ?????
???????
Bare Phrase Structure
猫 を
noun marker
???????
Bare Phrase Structure
猫 を
noun case marker
???????
Bare Phrase Structure
猫 を
noun case marker
Noun phrase
Bare Phrase Structure
few books
???????? ?????
???????
Bare Phrase Structure
few books
determiner ?????
???????
Bare Phrase Structure
few books
determiner noun
???????
Bare Phrase Structure
few books
determiner noun
noun phrase
Quiz Time
• the stairs
• under the stairs
• trapp -ed
• trapped the teacher
• trapped the teacher under the stairs
• We trapped the teacher under the stairs
The stairs
the stairs
?????? ???????
???????
The stairs
the stairs
determiner noun
Noun phrase
Under the stairs
under the stairs
???????? ????????????
???????????
Under the stairs
under the stairs
preposition Noun phrase
Prepositional phrase
Trapp -ed
trapp- -ed
???????? ???????
???????
Trapp -ed
trapp- -ed
verb (lexeme) tense marker
verb
trapped the professor
trapped the professor
????????? ??????????
??????????
trapped the professor
trapped the professor
verb Noun phrase
??????????
trapped the professor
trapped the professor
verb Noun phrase
Verb phrase
Trapped the professor under the stairs
trapped the professor under the stairs
??????????? ????????
???????????
Trapped the professor under the stairs
trapped the professor under the stairs
Verb phrase ????????
???????????
Trapped the professor under the stairs
trapped the professor under the stairs
Verb phrase Prepositional phrase
???????????
Trapped the professor under the stairs
trapped the professor under the stairs
Verb phrase Prepositional phrase
Verb phrase
We trapped the professor under the
stairs
We trapped the
professor
under the
stairs
??????????? ??????????
??????????
We trapped the professor under the
stairs
We trapped the
professor
under the
stairs
NP ??????????
??????????
We trapped the professor under the
stairs
We trapped the
professor
under the
stairs
NP VP
??????????
We trapped the professor under the
stairs
We trapped the
professor
under the
stairs
NP VP
sentence
We trapped the professor under the
stairs
We trapped the
professor
under the
stairs
NP VP
VP with a subject
We trapped the professor under the
stairs
We trapped the
professor
under the
stairs
NP VP
sentence
Quiz Time
• 知- - らない
• あなたを
• 私は
• あなたを知らない
• 私はあなたを知らない
知- -らない
知- -らない
?????????? ????????
?????????
知- -らない
知- -らない
verb (lexeme) ?????????
?????????
知- -らない
知- -らない
verb (lexeme) negation marker
?????????
知- -らない
知- -らない
verb (lexeme) negation marker
verb
あなたを
あなた を
?????? ?????????
??????????
あなたを
あなた を
noun ?????????
??????????
あなたを
あなた を
noun case marker
??????????
あなたを
あなた を
noun Accusative case marker
??????????
あなたを
あなた を
noun case marker
??????????
あなたを
あなた を
noun case marker
Noun Phrase
私は
私 は
?????? ?????????
??????????
私は
私 は
noun ?????????
??????????
私は
私 は
noun topic marker
??????????
私は
私 は
noun topic marker
Noun phrase
あなたを知らない
あなたを 知らない
????? ???????
????????
あなたを知らない
あなたを 知らない
NP ???????
????????
あなたを知らない
あなたを 知らない
NP verb
????????
あなたを知らない
あなたを 知らない
NP verb
Verb Phrase
私はあなたを知らない
私は あなたを知ら
ない
????? ???????
????????
私はあなたを知らない
私は あなたを知ら
ない
Noun Phrase ???????
????????
私はあなたを知らない
私は あなたを知ら
ない
Noun Phrase Verb Phrase
????????
私はあなたを知らない
私は あなたを知ら
ない
Noun Phrase Verb Phrase
sentence
私はあなたを知らない
私は あなたを知ら
ない
Noun Phrase Verb Phrase
VP with a subject
私はあなたを知らない
私は あなたを知ら
ない
Noun Phrase Verb Phrase
sentence

Bare phrasestructure II