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More from Hywel Evans
Ling2 gengram
- 1.
- 2. Infinite Creativity oflanguage
- 3. Infinitely creative? Really? •I saw the book • I saw the book on the table • I saw the book on the table in the living room • I saw the book on the table in the living room at my friend’s house • I saw the book on the table in the living room at my friend’s house in the countryside
- 4. • I sawthe book on the table in the living room at my friend’s house in the countryside • I saw the book on the table in the living room at my friend’s house in the countryside near a river • I saw the book on the table in the living room at my friend’s house in the countryside near a river next to a mountain
- 5. • I sawthe book on the table in the living room at my friend’s house in the countryside near a river next to a mountain in a village • I saw the book on the table in the living room at my friend’s house in the countryside near a river next to a mountain in a village above a valley • And so on
- 6. Is it reallyinfinite?
- 7.
- 8.
- 9. What does thatmean? • Just keep doing the same thing • Over and over • And over • And over • And over • And over • And over • again
- 10.
- 11.
- 12. The picture getsblurred
- 13. This gets moredifficult • I saw the book on the table in the living room at my friend’s house in the countryside near a river next to a mountain in a village above a valley
- 14. You get bored •I saw the book on the table in the living room at my friend’s house in the countryside near a river next to a mountain in a village above a valley
- 15. You get confused •I saw the book on the table in the living room at my friend’s house in the countryside near a river next to a mountain in a village above a valley
- 16. You fall asleep •I saw the book on the table in the living room at my friend’s house in the countryside near a river next to a mountain in a village above a valley
- 17. You die • Isaw the book on the table in the living room at my friend’s house in the countryside near a river next to a mountain in a village above a valley
- 18. Is it REALLYinfinite? • I saw the book on the table in the living room at my friend’s house in the countryside near a river next to a mountain in a village above a valley
- 19. Kursaal Flyers 1976 •Little does she know that I know that she knows that I know she’s two-timing me • Little does she know that I know that she knows that I know she’s cheating on me
- 20. This doesn’t getdifficult to generate • Little does she know that I know that she knows that I know that she knows that I know that she knows that I know that she knows that I know that she knows that I know that she knows that I know that she knows that I know that she knows that I know that she knows that I know that she knows that I know that she knows that I know …
- 21. Although it’s verydifficult • Little does she know that I know that she knows that I know that she knows that I know that she knows that I know that she knows that I know that she knows that I know that she knows that I know that she knows that I know that she knows that I know that she knows that I know that she knows that I know that she knows that I know …
- 22. … to knowwhat it means • Little does she know that I know that she knows that I know that she knows that I know that she knows that I know that she knows that I know that she knows that I know that she knows that I know that she knows that I know that she knows that I know that she knows that I know that she knows that I know that she knows that I know …
- 23.
- 24.
- 25. I remember listeningto the Kursaal Flyers in 1976
- 26. British pop bandfrom the 70s
- 27. I thought OKbut …
- 28. … what doesthat MEAN?
- 29. Kursaal Flyers 1976 •Little does she know that I know that she knows that I know she’s two-timing me • Little does she know that I know that she knows that I know she’s cheating on me
- 30. Infinite loops seemto have natural limits
- 31. You can’t makeMatryoshka dolls forever
- 32.
- 34. But you getthe IDEA of infinite creativity
- 35. We CAN uselanguage to express ANYTHING
- 36. We CAN uselanguage to express ANYTHING?
- 37.
- 38. So you cankeep doing things again and again •But how do you get started?
- 39. How do youget started? • Take 1 thing • Take another thing • Put them together
- 40. How do youget started? • 1 • 1 • 1 + 1 • = • 2 • Is Linguistics difficult?
- 41. That’s too easy!Let’s do a difficult one • I have a pen • I have an apple • Apple-pen
- 42. That’s too easy!Let’s do a difficult one • I have a pen • I have pineapple • Pinepple-pen
- 43. That’s too easy!Let’s do a difficult one • Apple-pen • Pineapple-pen • Pen-pineapple-apple-pen • Take two things • Put them together • Merge • Recursion
- 44. Linguistics is VERYdifficult! • Merge • Take one thing • Take another thing • Combine them • Recursion • Do this again
- 45. Merge • I havea pen • I have pineapple • Pinepple-pen
- 46. Recursion (do mergeagain) • Apple-pen • Pineapple-pen • Pen-pineapple-apple-pen
- 47.
- 48.
- 49.
- 50. •Let’s see howthis works in language
- 51.
- 52. I have ayou
- 53. I have ahound dog
- 54. Uh … hounddog-you
- 55. The class wasa nightmare • I have the class • I have a nightmare • Uh … nightmare-class
- 56. My teacher isa pussycat • I have my teacher • I have a pussycat • Uh … pussycat teacher
- 57. She has aheart of gold • I have her heart • I have gold • Uh … gold-heart • You get the idea
- 58. Linguistics is apiece of cake • I have linguistics • I have a piece of cake • Uh … piece of cake-linguistics • Piece of cake? Nice, sweet, just sitting on a plate waiting for you to take it
- 59. Pen-pineapple-apple-pen • Why notapple-pen-pineapple- pen? • Why does it have to merge this way? • You need the pens on the ends to hold it together
- 60. Pen-pineapple-apple-pen • You holdthe pens in each hand • You push the pens together • You need the pens on the ends to hold it together!
- 61. Pen-pineapple-apple-pen • Merge • Recursion •How does it work with words?
- 62.
- 63.
- 64.
- 65.
- 66.
- 67. Verb Valency <SUBJ,OBJECT> 蹴った kicked
- 68. Verb Valency <SUBJ,OBJECT> 蹴った kicked
- 69. VP Verb Valency <SUBJ,OBJECT> 蹴った kicked
- 70. VP Verb Valency <SUBJ,OBJECT> 蹴った kicked
- 71. NP VP Verb Valency <SUBJ,OBJECT> 蹴った kicked
- 72. NP ボールを the ball-acc VP Verb Valency<SUBJ> 蹴った kicked
- 73.
- 74.
- 75.
- 76.
- 77.
- 78.
- 79. NP ボールを the ball-acc VP Verb 蹴った kicked S Valency<> NP ケンが Ken-nom
- 80. Pikotaro is agenius!
- 81.
- 82.
- 83.
- 84.
- 85. And everthing inthe universe!
- 86.
- 87. This is avery OLD idea
- 88. First evidence: about2500 years ago
- 89. A guy inPakistan called Panini
- 90. Grammatical rules ofSanskrit
- 91.
- 92.
- 93.
- 94.
- 95. Rib eye steakpanini
- 96.
- 97. Anyway, forget aboutPanini
- 98. It was along time ago
- 99. Apple and briepanini with pumpkin!
- 100. I said forgetabout panini!
- 101. Infinitely creative rulesfor Sanskrit
- 102.
- 103.
- 104. First half ofthe seventeenth century
- 105.
- 106. The power ofthought
- 107.
- 108.
- 109.
- 110. Reason depends onLANGUAGE
- 111. We need LANGUAGEto think!
- 112. We know weexist because of LANGUAGE!
- 113.
- 114.
- 115.
- 116.
- 117.
- 118.
- 119. So why isChomsky so important?
- 120. HOW can languagebe infinitely creative?
- 121. Not just grammaticalrules
- 122. Maybe there’s somethingreally different and special about our language ability
- 123. Maybe language hasSPECIAL rules
- 124. Maybe we havea SPECIAL language module in our brain
- 125. Our brains areHARD-WIRED for language?
- 126.
- 127. Hard-wired in aspecial part of our brain
- 128. We can analysegrammar …
- 129. … and understandhow our BRAINS work!
- 130. Wow!! Grammar isBIOLOGY!
- 131. We can lookat the DEEP DEEP structure
- 132. Back in the60s it seemed so exciting
- 133. It was goingto change the world!
- 134. So what aboutnow?
- 135. Have we provedUniversal Grammar is real?
- 136. I said forgetabout panini!
- 137. Do we knowlanguage ability is innate?
- 138. Is the languagefaculty real?
- 139.
- 140.
- 141. But there arelots of interesting ideas
- 142. Different ways ofdoing grammar
- 143. Different ideas aboutlanguage
- 144. Nobody has allthe answers
- 145. But we canthink about it
- 146. You can makeup your own minds
- 147. As we lookat the history
- 148. And think aboutthe problems
- 149.
- 150. It’s better toadmit it
- 151.
- 152. So let’s notpretend