The document discusses semantics in linguistics. It explains that semantics is the study of meaning and is a fundamental part of language. Semantics involves analyzing how meaning is derived from words, phrases, grammar, context and other linguistic elements. It also explores how meaning can change over time based on historical and social factors. Overall, the document emphasizes that semantics and the struggle to understand meaning are at the core of language and language learning.
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29. Meaning is fundamental to language
learning
• Meaning in
• Meaning out
• Reading (Meaning in)
• Writing (Meaning out)
• Listening (Meaning in)
• Speaking (Meaning out)
30. Language learning is a struggle with
meaning
• Learning English?
• Memorizing vocabulary lists?
• Explaining Grammar in Japanese?
33. What do you think?
• Is memorization a waste of time?
• Are explanations about grammar a waste of
time?
• Is language learning purely a struggle with
meaning?
42. • I didn’t eat the apple
• “John or somebody else did”
• I didn’t eat the apple
• “I strongly deny it”
• I didn’t eat the apple
• “I threw it out of the window”
• I didn’t eat the apple
• “I ate one of the other ones”
• I didn’t eat the apple
• “I ate the orange”
43. Tone
• You are a stranger here.
• You are a stranger here?
• I ate a banana, an orange, an apple….
• (Rising tone)
• I ate a banana, an orange, and an apple
• (Falling tone)
48. Word order influences meaning
• The angry bear chased the frightened little
squirrel
• The frightened little squirrel chased the angry
bear
• The rat ate the cockroach
• The cockroach ate the rat
54. Implications
• It’s hot in here
• “Can you open the window?”
• “Is it OK if I take my tie off?”
• “Let’s turn the heater off”
• “Let’s put the air conditioner on”
55. • The rat ate the cockroach
• The cockroach ate the rat
56. Background information
• Conversations with loved ones
• Lots of shared experiences
• Lots of shared information
• No need to SAY everything
• The other person gets the meaning
58. What kind of information?
• Noun
• Grammatical information
• Information about grammar (or syntax)
/ˈmiː.nɪŋ/
Information about sound
Phonetic (or phonological) information
59. What kind of information?
• Girl
• Young (not old)
• Female (not male)
• Human (not animal)
60. What kind of information?
• Young
• Information about meaning
• Semantic information
• Female
• Information about meaning
• Semantic information
61. What kind of information?
• Human
• Information about meaning
• Semantic information
62. Take a word like “walks”
/wɔːks/
Phonetic (phonological) information
Verb
Grammatical (syntactic) information
Semantic information?
63. Walks (Semantic information)
• Movement
• Using legs
• One step at a time
• One foot on the ground at all times
• Not jumping off the ground