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VERB Valency < [SUBJECT] >
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VERB Valency < [SUBJECT] >
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NOUN
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VERB Valency < [SUBJECT] >
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VERB Valency < [SUBJECT] >
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VERB Valency < [SUBJECT] >
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NOUN
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NOUN
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More from Hywel Evans
Merge rec2
- 2.
- 3. Pen-pineapple-apple-pen •Merge •Recursion •Is it theONLY way to merge?
- 4.
- 5. Pen-pineapple-apple-pen •Merge •Recursion •How does itwork with words?
- 6. Words merge: combine •Where do words get their power to combine?
- 7. Where does apen …
- 8. … get itspower…
- 9. … to combinewith an apple?
- 10. Apples and pineapplesare soft fruit
- 11. Pens are hard,long, and sharp
- 12. It sounds stupid,but it’s true
- 13. The features ofpens, apples, and pineapples
- 14.
- 15.
- 16. Hydrogen: has oneelectron
- 17.
- 18. Chlorine: needs onemore electron
- 19.
- 20. Hydrogen Chloride: Share twoelectrons
- 21. H2: Two HydrogenAtoms
- 22. H2: share twoelectrons
- 23.
- 24. H2: combining powerONE They NEED one thing!
- 25. H2: combining powerONE They can combine because of this one thing!
- 26.
- 27.
- 28. Valency 1: NEEDSONE THING
- 29. H2O: Oxygen needstwo electrons
- 30. H2O: Hydrogen atomsneed one each
- 31. H2O: Oxygen sharesone with each Hydrogen atom
- 32.
- 33.
- 34.
- 35. O2: Two oxygenatoms sharing electrons
- 36.
- 37.
- 38.
- 39. How does thatwork?
- 40. Sodium has oneelectron in its outer shell
- 41. Sodium gives awayits electron
- 42. Sodium becomes abit positive
- 43. Chlorine atom becomesmore negative
- 44. Because electrons arenegative
- 45. Positive and negativeattract
- 46.
- 47. VALENCY in words •Walk • Is a ... • Verb • Its VALENCY is ... • ONE • It needs one ... • Noun Phrase (Subject)
- 48. VALENCY in words •Eat • Is a ... • Verb • Its VALENCY is ... • TWO • It needs two ... • Noun Phrases • (Subject and Object)
- 49. VALENCY in words •Give • Is a ... • Verb • Its VALENCY is ... • THREE • It needs three ... • Noun Phrases • (Subject and two Objects)
- 50.
- 51.
- 52.
- 53.
- 54.
- 55. Verb Valency <SUBJ,OBJECT> 蹴った kicked
- 56. Verb Valency <SUBJ,OBJECT> 蹴った kicked
- 57. VP Verb Valency <SUBJ,OBJECT> 蹴った kicked
- 58. VP Verb Valency <SUBJ,OBJECT> 蹴った kicked
- 59. N P VP Verb Valency <SUBJ,OBJECT> 蹴った kicked
- 60. N P ボールを the ball-acc VP Verb Valency<SUBJ> 蹴った kicked
- 61.
- 62.
- 63.
- 64.
- 65.
- 66.
- 67. N P ボールを the ball-acc VP Verb 蹴った kicked S Valency<> NP ケンが Ken- nom
- 68.
- 69.
- 70.
- 71.
- 72. walk VERB Valency <NounPhrase >
- 73. walk VERB Valency <NounPhrase: [SUBJECT] >
- 74. walk VERB Valency <[SUBJECT] > you
- 75. walk VERB Valency <[SUBJECT] > you NOUN PHRASE
- 76. walk VERB Valency <[SUBJECT] > you NOUN PHRASE
- 77. walk VERB Valency <[SUBJECT] > you NOUN PHRASE
- 78. walk VERB Valency <[SUBJECT] > you NOUN PHRASE
- 79. walk VERB Valency <[SUBJECT] > you NOUN PHRASE
- 80. walk VERB Valency <[SUBJECT] > you NOUN PHRASE
- 81. walk VERB Valency <> you NOUN PHRASE
- 82. walk VERB Valency <> you NOUN PHRASE Sentence: VP
- 83. walk VERB Valency <> you NOUN PHRASE Sentence: VP with empty …
- 84. walk VERB Valency <> you NOUN PHRASE Sentence: VP with empty Valency list
- 85. Pikotaro is agenius!
- 86.
- 87.
- 88.
- 89.
- 90. And everthing inthe universe!
- 91.
- 92. This is avery OLD idea
- 93. First evidence: about2500 years ago
- 94. A guy inPakistan called Panini
- 95. Grammatical rules ofSanskrit
- 96.
- 97.
- 98.
- 99.
- 100. Rib eye steakpanini
- 101.
- 102. Anyway, forget aboutPanini
- 103. It was along time ago
- 104. Apple and briepanini with pumpkin!
- 105. I said forgetabout panini!
- 106. Infinitely creative rulesfor Sanskrit
- 107.
- 108. Not a newidea!
- 109.
- 110. First half ofthe seventeenth century
- 111.
- 112. The power ofthought
- 113.
- 114.
- 115.
- 116. Reason depends onLANGUAGE
- 117. Reason and languagework together
- 118. We need LANGUAGEto think!
- 119. We know weexist because of LANGUAGE!
- 120.
- 121. Language makes usbetter than animals
- 122.
- 123.
- 124.
- 125.
- 126.
- 127. So why isChomsky so important?
- 128. HOW can languagebe infinitely creative?
- 129. Not just grammaticalrules
- 130. Maybe there’s somethingreally different and special about our language ability
- 131. Maybe language hasSPECIAL rules
- 132. Maybe we havea SPECIAL language module in our brain
- 133. Our brains areHARD-WIRED for language?
- 134. The language partof the brain =Language faculty (LF or FL)
- 135.
- 136. Universal Grammar =the rules in the LF
- 137. Hard-wired in aspecial part of our brain
- 138. We are bornwith these rules
- 139. In a specialpart of our brain
- 140. So studying languagetells us something about the brain!
- 141. We can analysegrammar …
- 142. … and understandhow our BRAINS work!
- 143. Wow!! Grammar isBIOLOGY!
- 144. We can lookat the DEEP DEEP structure
- 145. Back in the60s it seemed so exciting
- 146. It was goingto change the world!
- 147. So what aboutnow?
- 148. Have we provedUniversal Grammar is real?
- 149. I said forgetabout panini!
- 150. Do we knowlanguage ability is innate?
- 151. Is the languagefaculty real?
- 152. What‘s SPECIAL aboutlanguage ability?
- 153.
- 154.
- 155. Only LANGUAGE hasMERGE?
- 156. Only LANGUAGE cancombine things
- 157. … and doit again and again?
- 158. Only language hasmerge? • 1 • + • 1
- 159. Only language hasrecursion? • 1 • + • 1 • = • 2
- 160. Only language hasrecursion? • 2 • + • 1 • = • 3
- 161. Only language hasrecursion? • 2 • + • 3 • = • 5
- 162. Only language hasrecursion? • 3 • + • 5 • = • 8
- 163. Only language hasrecursion? • 8 • + • 5 • = • 13
- 164. Only language hasrecursion? • 13 • + • 8 • = • 21
- 165.
- 166. The classic exampleof recursion!
- 167.
- 168.
- 169.
- 170.
- 171. A force innature?
- 172. Merge and recursion:A force in nature?
- 173.
- 174.
- 175. Only language hasmerge and recursion • Merge and recursion • Special • Unique • Special, unique features • Special, unique features of language?
- 176. Some people don’tagree
- 177. Language ability islike ordinary thinking
- 178. Merge in ordinarythinking
- 179.
- 180. Different ways ofdoing grammar
- 181. Lots of informationin words
- 182. The information allmerges
- 183. Different ideas aboutlanguage
- 184. Nobody has allthe answers
- 185. But we canthink about it
- 186. You can makeup your own minds
- 187. As we lookat the history
- 188. And think aboutthe problems
- 189.
- 190. It’s better toadmit it
- 191.
- 192. So let’s notpretend