This document discusses the classification of plants. It divides plants into two main groups: non-vascular plants (bryophytes) and vascular plants (tracheophytes). Non-vascular plants lack specialized tissues for transporting water and nutrients. They are small and need wet environments. Vascular plants have tissues like xylem and phloem that allow transport of water and nutrients. They are further divided into gymnosperms, which produce naked seeds, and angiosperms, which produce flowers and fruits containing seeds. Key groups discussed include ferns, conifers like pine trees, and flowering plants.

1. KINGDOM PLANTAE

2. CLASSIFYING PLANTS
• The terrestrial members of the Plant Kingdom are
generally divided into 2 groups
1. Non Vascular or Bryophytes
- lack specialized tissues for conduction of
water
2. Vascular or Tracheopytes
-have specialized tissues
for transporting water and
nutrients

3. TRACHEOPHYTES

4. BRYOPHYTES

5. CLASSIFYING PLANTS
TWO SYSTEMS OF PLANT CLASSIFICATION
1.Natural System
- Based on evolutionary relationships among
plants
2. Artificial System
- based mainly on size,
water requirement, ability
to manufacture food,
habitat and life span

6. Bases of Artificial System
1. Size
a. Microscopic
- Those that are not visible to the
unaided eye
b. Macroscopic
-those that can be seen with the
unaided eye

7. Bases of Artificial System
2. Water requirement
a. Xerophytes
-live in places with little amount of water
b. Mesophytes
-require a moderate amount
of water
c. Hydrophytes
-live in habitats with
abundant water

8. XEROPHYTES

9. MESOPHYTES

10. HYDROPHYTES

11. Bases of Artificial System
3. Ability to manufacture food
a. Autotrophic
-plants that manufacture their own food
b. Heterotrophic
-plants that depend on other organisms or
dead organic matter for food

12. Heterotrophic Plant

13. Bases of Artificial System
4. Habitat
a. Aquatic
- plants live in water
b. Terrestrial
- plants live on land
c. Aerial
- plants live above the
ground

14. Bases of Artificial System
5. Life Span
a. Annual
- live for one growing season
ex. Onions, garlic, patola
b. Biennials
- complete their life cycle
in 2 years
ex. Okra, parsley,
sunflower
c. Perennials
- live for many years

15. Bases of Artificial System
6. Habit – refers to body appearance
a. Trees- woody perennial plants
with a single stem or trunk
b. Shrubs – plants with several
main stems arising at or
near the ground
c. Herbs-come with soft
stem
d. Vines- climbing plants

16. TREES

17. VINES

18. HERBS

19. SHRUBS

20. NONVASCULAR PLANTS
• They live in moist and damp places since they do not
have xylem and phloem to move water from one part
to another
• They are usually small in size due to this missing part
• Bryophytes do not have true roots, stem
and leaves

21. NONVASCULAR PLANTS
• They are called thalloid plants
• These plants grow from spores
• Composed of mosses, liverworts and hornworts
• they are regarded as the “amphibians” of
the plant world since they need a lot of
water even if they are terrestrial in habitat

22. LIVERWORTS

23. NONVASCULAR PLANTS
1. LIVERWORTS
- liver because of its liver shape
appearance and wort, which means plant or herb
-2 types of gametophyte
1. Antheridium- male
reproductive that produces
the sperm cell
2. Archaegonium- female
reproductive that produces
the egg cell

24. HORNWORTS

25. NONVASCULAR PLANTS
2. HORNWORTS
-they seldom exceed 2 cm in height
- usually found in moist soil and
shaded areas or may be attached to
trees

26. MOSSES

27. NONVASCULAR PLANTS
3. MOSSES
- are of 2 types; the gametophyte
and the sporophyte
- they differ from any
other plants because
of the absence of
mesophyll tissues,
stomata and veins

28. WHISK FERN

29. VASCULAR PLANTS
1. WHISK FERNS
- small plants with fork like branches that
look like a broom
- they are considered the
simplest of all living
vascular plants

30. CLUB MOSSES

31. VASCULAR PLANTS
2. CLUB MOSSES
- they just grow wildly and luxuriantly
along the roadside specially during rainy
season
- the spores are found on
their tips

32. HORSETAIL

33. VASCULAR PLANTS
3. HORSETAILS
- its stem are rough with silica
crystals, Thus, it is ideal for scrubbing
pots and dirty kettles

34. FERNS

35. VASCULAR PLANTS
4. FERNS
- the largest group of seedless vascular
plants
- they may reach 3 to 5 meters in height
- they have vascular
tissues and strong
roots

36. GYMNOSPERMS
• Came from the Greek word ‘gymnos’ meaning
naked and ‘sperma’ seed or naked seeds
• They are cone bearing plants
• They grow very well in
temperate region

37. GINKGO

38. GYMNOSPERMS
1. Ginkgos
- Ginkgo biloba as its popular name
- Large tree with numerous spreading branches
- Leaves are fan shape
that gives off a pungent
odor

39. GNETUMS

40. GYMNOSPERMS
2. GNETUMS
- believe to be the ancestor of the flowering
plants
- have cones that resembles a flower
- smaller than ginkgo. Not
common in the Philippines

41. CYCADS

42. GYMNOSPERMS
3. CYCADS
-second largest group of gymnosperms
-leaves are compound and composed of several
leaf-like parts
-they grow well in tropical
countries

43. CONIFERS

44. GYMNOSPERMS
4. CONIFERS
- biggest group of gymnosperms found in most
part of the world
- large, tall trees with highly
branched stems
- leaves are usually
long, scaly, and needle-like

45. ANGIOSPERMS
• Vascular plants that bear flowers and produced fruits
with seeds that are usually found inside the fruit
• There are two kinds of flowering plants based on the
number of cotyledons.
A.Monocotyledon
B.Dicotyledon