Once the entrepreneur has taken the decisions regarding the product design and
production processes and system, his next task is to take steps for production
planning and control, as this function is essentially required for efficient and
economical production. One of the major problems of small scale enterprises is
that of low productivity small scale industries can utilise natural resources, which
are otherwise lying.
Small scale sector can play an important role, similar to the one played by small
scale industries in other developed countries.
Planned production is an important feature of the small industry. The small
entrepreneur possessing the ability to look ahead, organize and coordinate and
having plenty of driving force and capacity to lead and ability to supervise and
coordinate work and simulates his associates by means of a programme of human
relation and organization of employees, he would be able to get the best out of his
small industrial unit.
Gorden and Carson observe production; planning and control involve generally
the organization and planning of manufacturing process. Especially it consists of
the planning of routing, scheduling, dispatching inspection, and coordination,
control of materials, methods machines, tools and operating times. The ultimate
objective is the organization of the supply and movement of materials and labour,
machines utilization and related activities, in order to bring about the desired
manufacturing results in terms of quality, quantity, time and place.
120
Production planning without production control is like a bank without a bank
manager, planning initiates action while control is an adjusting process, providing
corrective measures for planned development. Production control regulates and
stimulates the orderly how of materials in the manufacturing process from the
beginning to the end.
In this presentation we will discuss about the concept of just in time (JIT) production philosophy, types and concepts of JIT, objectives of JIT manufacturing, comparison between ideal production system and JIT production, characteristics of JIT system, JIT manufacturing vs. JIT purchasing. We will also discuss about major tools and techniques of JIT manufacturing, JIT implementation approach, problems regarding implementation of JIT, planning of a successful JIT system, obstacles faced for JIT conversion, operational benefits of JIT systems.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit: http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
Once the entrepreneur has taken the decisions regarding the product design and
production processes and system, his next task is to take steps for production
planning and control, as this function is essentially required for efficient and
economical production. One of the major problems of small scale enterprises is
that of low productivity small scale industries can utilise natural resources, which
are otherwise lying.
Small scale sector can play an important role, similar to the one played by small
scale industries in other developed countries.
Planned production is an important feature of the small industry. The small
entrepreneur possessing the ability to look ahead, organize and coordinate and
having plenty of driving force and capacity to lead and ability to supervise and
coordinate work and simulates his associates by means of a programme of human
relation and organization of employees, he would be able to get the best out of his
small industrial unit.
Gorden and Carson observe production; planning and control involve generally
the organization and planning of manufacturing process. Especially it consists of
the planning of routing, scheduling, dispatching inspection, and coordination,
control of materials, methods machines, tools and operating times. The ultimate
objective is the organization of the supply and movement of materials and labour,
machines utilization and related activities, in order to bring about the desired
manufacturing results in terms of quality, quantity, time and place.
120
Production planning without production control is like a bank without a bank
manager, planning initiates action while control is an adjusting process, providing
corrective measures for planned development. Production control regulates and
stimulates the orderly how of materials in the manufacturing process from the
beginning to the end.
In this presentation we will discuss about the concept of just in time (JIT) production philosophy, types and concepts of JIT, objectives of JIT manufacturing, comparison between ideal production system and JIT production, characteristics of JIT system, JIT manufacturing vs. JIT purchasing. We will also discuss about major tools and techniques of JIT manufacturing, JIT implementation approach, problems regarding implementation of JIT, planning of a successful JIT system, obstacles faced for JIT conversion, operational benefits of JIT systems.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit: http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
Kattareeya Prompreing
白雅欣
iD:DA61G209
(Student in Ph.D. Business and Management, College Business, STUST
email:da61g209@stust.edu.tw
: katt.rmutl@gmail.com
Demand Forecasting: Forecasting as planning tool, Forecasting Time Horizon, Sources of Data for Forecasting, Accuracy of Forecast, Capacity Planning. Production Planning: Aggregate production Planning, Alternatives for Managing Demand & Supply, Mater Production Schedule, capacity Planning, Overview of MRP, CRP, DRP & MRP-II Production Control: Scheduling & Loading, Scheduling of Job Shops & Floor
Shops, Gantt Chart.
JIT is a long-term approach to process improvement. Itcosts, improve quality and improve responsivene uses timeliness as a lever to lower ss. However, JIT requires enormous commitment. It took Toyota more than 25 years to get right!
Just In Time (jit) inventory managementiWriteEssays
JIT is a MPR philosophy that is designed to help an organization eliminate all types of waste such as those that result from carrying too much materials and the ones associated with long lead times. Below is a sample presentation on the Just In Time (JIT) inventory management method to improve your understanding.
Production Planning and Control
Objective of PPC
Classification/Functions of PPC
Levels of PPC
Factors determining Production Planning Procedures
Production Planning System
Factors Determining PC procedures
This topic is related to Material requirement planning, MRP.
Types of material requirement planning
Benefits of MRP. Limitation of MRP, Objective of MRP, MRP Input, MRP Output, Steps of MRP
Toyota Production System or Lean Manufacturing has become an imperative to sustain the current hyper competitive scenario . This presentation looks at the basic tenets of Lean Manufacturing as a philosophy as well as a practicing regime.
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Kattareeya Prompreing
白雅欣
iD:DA61G209
(Student in Ph.D. Business and Management, College Business, STUST
email:da61g209@stust.edu.tw
: katt.rmutl@gmail.com
Demand Forecasting: Forecasting as planning tool, Forecasting Time Horizon, Sources of Data for Forecasting, Accuracy of Forecast, Capacity Planning. Production Planning: Aggregate production Planning, Alternatives for Managing Demand & Supply, Mater Production Schedule, capacity Planning, Overview of MRP, CRP, DRP & MRP-II Production Control: Scheduling & Loading, Scheduling of Job Shops & Floor
Shops, Gantt Chart.
JIT is a long-term approach to process improvement. Itcosts, improve quality and improve responsivene uses timeliness as a lever to lower ss. However, JIT requires enormous commitment. It took Toyota more than 25 years to get right!
Just In Time (jit) inventory managementiWriteEssays
JIT is a MPR philosophy that is designed to help an organization eliminate all types of waste such as those that result from carrying too much materials and the ones associated with long lead times. Below is a sample presentation on the Just In Time (JIT) inventory management method to improve your understanding.
Production Planning and Control
Objective of PPC
Classification/Functions of PPC
Levels of PPC
Factors determining Production Planning Procedures
Production Planning System
Factors Determining PC procedures
This topic is related to Material requirement planning, MRP.
Types of material requirement planning
Benefits of MRP. Limitation of MRP, Objective of MRP, MRP Input, MRP Output, Steps of MRP
Toyota Production System or Lean Manufacturing has become an imperative to sustain the current hyper competitive scenario . This presentation looks at the basic tenets of Lean Manufacturing as a philosophy as well as a practicing regime.
Supplier Relationship Management takes traditional sourcing methods to the next level. While the sourcing process uses Requests for Proposals (RFPs) and templated one-way communications to select suppliers and derive the most upfront value for contracted services or products, SRM uses processes, principles, communications and tools to help companies better manage their existing suppliers within all areas of the company during the entire supplier lifecycle.
• Make Versus Buy
• Benefit of Outsourcing
• Source of Supplier Information
• Strategis Selection
• Supplier Relationship Management (SRM)
• Industry Example
Just in time (JIT) is a production strategy that strives to improve a business' return on investment by reducing in-process inventory and associated carrying costs. Just in time is a type of operations management approach which originated in Japan in the 1950s. It was adopted by Toyota and other Japanese manufacturing firms, with excellent results: Toyota and other companies that adopted the approach ended up raising productivity (through the elimination of waste) significantly.
Know about Just-In-Time and Lean manufacturing system. Find benefits and difference between JIT and Lean Manufacturing by Nilesh Arora, a founder of AddValue Consulting Inc.
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There are some motivational elements for publishing. These elements are important for young researchers and faculty members. We should also keep in mind the quality indices such as h-index or impact factor associated with publications.
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This is on how to do literature review based on some experience in good journals. Literature review is an important phase in any research and must be given due importance .
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Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
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Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
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Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
2. Difficulty in Production !
Demand is uncertain and variable.
Same equipment and people are used to make a
variety of products.
Switching products takes time.(imagaine changing
over from say dark shade to light shade in a paint
manufacturing !)
Things may go wrong(Murphy’s law!)
Materials are defective.
Deliveries are variable (late).
Equipment fails, people make mistakes, etc.
And so many other reasons..
3. Solution 1: Use Inventory
Use inventory to:
Match supply with varying demand.
Act as a buffer
Allow production of a variety of products on
the same equipment, tools etc.
Overcome defective materials, late
deliveries, equipment failures, mistakes,
etc.
4. Forecast demand based on classical methods
Produce in large lots (to reduce expensive
setups) & economics of scale
PUSH product to customer.(even if he/she
doesn't want !)
Large lot sizes mean:
Large work-in-process inventories.
Large final product inventories.
Slow response to changes and defects.
Opaque view of the ground !
“Typical “ Production
5. Use just-in-time to identify and solve
problems that create inventory.
Reduce setup costs to switch products.
Expose yourself to problems rather than
hiding under the cover of inventory !
Eliminate defective materials, late
deliveries, equipment failures, mistakes,
etc.
Solution 2: Use Just-In-Time
6. “Just-in-Time” Production
Produce in small lots to replenish stock
actually sold.
Sales PULL product (and parts) through
plant.
Get pulse of the market !
Small lot sizes mean:
Small work-in-process inventories.
Small final product inventories.
Quick response to changes and defects.
7. What is Waste?
Waste is ‘anything other than the minimum
amount of equipment, materials, parts, space,
and worker’s time, which are absolutely
essential to add value to the product.’
— Shoichiro Toyoda
President, Toyota
8. Different Kinds of Waste
Waste from Over-production
Waste of Motion
Transportation waste
Processing waste
Defective Products
Excess Inventory
Information waste
Energy waste
Manpower waste
9. Elimination of Waste
• JIT attempts to eliminate all costs (waste) that DO
NOT ADD any value to a product.
• Machining, Packaging, Assembling etc. add value
to a product BUT Moving, Storing, Counting,
Sorting etc add COST but No Value to a product.
Hence try to eliminate them.
10. Management philosophy of continuous
and forced problem solving.
Supplies and components are ‘pulled’
through system to arrive where they are
needed when they are needed.
Originated in Japan; Popularized by
Toyota; now used globally.
What is Just-in-Time?
11. Large Lot Sizes = Large Inventory
Time
Inventory
Level
Lot Size 200
Average inventory
= 100
Average inventory = (Lot size)/2
12. To Lower Inventory, Reduce Lot
Size
Time
Inventory
Level
Lot Size 200
Average inventory = (Lot size)/2
Lot Size 80
Average
inventory = 40
13. Steps to Reduce Setup Time
Separate setup into preparation (while
machine is running) and actual setup
(while machine is stopped).
Do as much as possible while the machine
is running.
Move material closer and improve
material handling.
Standardize and improve tooling.
14. Comment…
INVENTORY is an Undesirable
cost.
By LOWERING it, Hidden quality
and Production impediments are
revealed.
Simplification and Elimination
through Problem Solving,
continuous improvement is the
key.
15. JIT
Just-in-time (JIT): A highly coordinated
processing system in which goods move
through the system, and services are
performed, just as they are needed,
JIT lean production
JIT pull (demand) system
JIT operates with very little “fat”
16. American Production and Inventory ControlAmerican Production and Inventory Control
Society (APICS) definition of JITSociety (APICS) definition of JIT
• "a philosophy” of manufacturing
• based on planned elimination of all waste
and continuous improvement of
productivity.
• encompasses successful execution of all
manufacturing activities required to
produce final product,
• from design engineering to delivery and
including all stages of conversion from raw
material onward.
17. Goals of JIT
A manufacturing process that is so
streamlined, cost efficient, quality
oriented and responsive to customer,
that it becomes a strategic weapon.
The goals in most cases consists of :
Produce product only on demand.
Produce a perfect quality product.
Reduce the cost of manufacturing.
Integrate and to optimize every step of
manufacturing process.
Develop manufacturing Flexibility
Keep commitments made to customers and
suppliers
18. Pull/Push Systems
Pull system: System for moving work
where a workstation pulls output from
the preceding station as needed. (e.g.
Kanban)
Push system: System for moving work
where output is pushed to the next
station as it is completed
19. JIT Through …
Product design
Process design
Personnel/organizational
elements
Manufacturing
planning and control
20. Enabler : Product Design
Standard parts
Modular design
Highly capable production systems
Concurrent
engineering
Use of CAD/CAM
Use of CFD
21. Enabler .. Process Design
Small lot sizes
Setup time reduction
Manufacturing cells
Limited work in process
Quality improvement
Production flexibility
Little inventory storage
22. Production Flexibility
Reduce downtime by reducing changeover
time
Multi-tools, workstations
Use preventive maintenance to reduce
breakdowns
Cross-train workers to help clear bottlenecks
Use many small units of capacity
Use off-line buffers
Reserve capacity for important customers
23. Enabler : Personnel/Organizational
Elements
Workers as assets
Cross-trained workers
Belief in improvement by workers
Continuous improvement
Cost accounting
Organic element of human being !!
Leadership/project management
24. Enabler ..
Planning & Control
Level loading
Pull systems
Visual systems (Andon ,
alarms etc.)
Close vendor relationships
Reduced transaction
processing
Preventive maintenance
25. Models for supplier
Arms Length Model
Closed, Competitive
Evaluation on lowest bid
Data/Information sharing very
limited
Inspection based quality
regime
No shared R&D
Partnership Model
Collaboration based
Multi-criteria evaluation of
sources
Sharing of data/information
encouraged
Participative attitude towards
quality
Shared R&D
31. Benefits
Cooperation,
reduced inventory,
quality at low cost,
better planning and control,
less paperwork
improved communication
32. Kanban as a Control System
Kanban: Card or other device that
communicates demand for work or materials
from the preceding station
Kanban is the Japanese word meaning
“signal” or “visible record”
Paperless production control system
Authority to pull, or produce comes
from a downstream process.
33. Kanban..
• fixed quantity bins or containers or pallets used to signal
replenishment needs
• (reminiscent of traditional two-bin system of stock control).
• When first bin empty, new full bin moved in within usage time
from the second bin).
• With well-designed floor layouts, system adds considerably to
efficiency of operational environment.
• integration of computer systems internally & externally with
suppliers systems so Kanban data & instructions can flow
between linked systems.
34. Youtube on JIT (10.56
minutes)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=CBFKBf1rOyo
35. Frank Sinatra sings JIT…(2.18
minutes)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RIcQ2
36. NPTEL session By Prof G Srinivasan
(IIT Madras) on JIT (51 minutes)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=Zjx7zCjLjyw
37. JIT objective: Frequent on-time deliveries
of small lots of high quality.
Buyer and supplier form JIT partnerships
to eliminate:
Unnecessary activities.
In-plant inventory.
In-transit inventory.
Poor suppliers.
Suppliers
38. Transitioning to a JIT System
Get top management commitment
Decide which parts need most effort
Obtain support of workers
Start by trying to reduce setup times
Gradually convert operations
Convert suppliers to JIT
Prepare for obstacles
39. Barriers to migration
Management may not be committed
Workers/management may not be
cooperative
Suppliers may
resist
Why?
40. Benefits of JIT Systems
Reduced inventory levels
High quality
Flexibility
Reduced lead times
Increased productivity
41. Benefits of JIT Systems
..cont’d
Increased equipment utilization
Reduced scrap and rework
Reduced space requirements
Pressure for good vendor relationships
Reduced need for indirect labor
42. Benefits of JIT.. Contd.
Part Cost: Low scrap, Low Inventory
Quality: Fast detection, Corrections
Design: Fast Response to
Engineering changes
Administration Efficiency: Fewer
suppliers, minimal expediting, less
paper work
Productivity: Reduced
rework/Inspection delay, reduced parts
43. JIT exposes quality problems by
reducing inventory.
JIT limits number of defects produced
with small lots.
JIT requires TQM.
Statistical process control.
Worker involvement & empowerment.
Immediate feedback.
Quality
44. JIT is flow…
JIT Is Flow is Hirano and
Furuya’s book which
gives an extensive
practical overview of
JIT/Lean.
http://www.amazon.com/J
it-Is-Flow-Hiroyuki-
Hirano/dp/0971243611
47. Summary
JIT as a philosophy
Attack on elimination of waste
Pull based system
Critical Factors
Involvement of top management
Simplified processes
Orientation towards inventory
Editor's Notes
It is good at this point to emphasize the notion that JIT is a philosophy not simply delivery of small lots at specific times. It is also helpful to emphasize that JIT requires an ongoing effort.
It is good at this point to emphasize the notion that JIT is a philosophy not simply delivery of small lots at specific times. It is also helpful to emphasize that JIT requires an ongoing effort.
It is good at this point to emphasize the notion that JIT is a philosophy not simply delivery of small lots at specific times. It is also helpful to emphasize that JIT requires an ongoing effort.
It is good at this point to emphasize the notion that JIT is a philosophy not simply delivery of small lots at specific times. It is also helpful to emphasize that JIT requires an ongoing effort.
It is good at this point to emphasize the notion that JIT is a philosophy not simply delivery of small lots at specific times. It is also helpful to emphasize that JIT requires an ongoing effort.
This might be a good time to differentiate between “push”and “pull” systems.
Subsequent slides elaborate on the role of JIT and inventory levels in hiding problems.
It is good at this point to emphasize the notion that JIT is a philosophy not simply delivery of small lots at specific times. It is also helpful to emphasize that JIT requires an ongoing effort.
The next several slides look at the process and consequences of reducing inventory.
The next several slides look at the process and consequences of reducing inventory.
Students should be asked to draw their own connection between inventory and problems. Given that inventory exists in case of problems, if we wish to eliminate inventory, we also must eliminate problems. Again the notion that JIT is not simply an inventory methodology.
You might point out here that both buyer and supplier gain from this relationship.