This document presents an experimental analysis of using acetylene gas as an alternative fuel for spark ignition engines. It begins with an introduction discussing the need to reduce fossil fuel usage and increase sustainable fuel alternatives. The document then provides details on the production and properties of acetylene gas, outlines the experimental methodology which involved producing acetylene gas and mixing it with petrol for engine testing, and presents the test setup. Charts of the experimental results show that acetylene gas achieved lower brake specific fuel consumption and higher brake thermal efficiency compared to petrol. The conclusion is that acetylene gas is a viable alternative fuel for spark ignition engines.
The document analyzes the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with cashew nut shell liquid bio-diesel (B20) and hydrogen as a dual fuel. Tests were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine operated at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. Hydrogen was added to the inlet air at flow rates of 4 lpm, 8 lpm, and 12 lpm while B20 fuel was directly injected. The results showed that adding 8 lpm of hydrogen to B20 reduced HC and CO emissions compared to B20 and diesel alone. Brake thermal efficiency and NOx increased for this dual fuel mode. Exhaust gas temperature also increased with the addition of 8 lpm hydrogen to B20 fuel.
HHO (Oxy-Hydrogen) is non-toxic gas, used as a supplement to any traditional fuels such as Petrol (Gasoline), Diesel, Heavy oil, Acetylene, Propane, Kerosene, LPG etc to.
Increse Engine Performance, Milage
Polution Free Exhaust
www.watercar.in
Fuel cell electric vehicles use hydrogen as a fuel to power electric motors, addressing issues with petroleum dependence, emissions, and air quality. However, developing light, affordable hydrogen storage onboard vehicles and building out hydrogen production and fueling infrastructure present hurdles. Current hydrogen storage options include compressed gas, liquid hydrogen, and reversible chemical storage in metal hydrides, with research focusing on meeting energy density and cost goals through new materials or multi-method "hybrid" storage approaches.
From fuel properties to engine performanceTechFinland
The document discusses a project called ADVANCEFUEL that aims to facilitate the market adoption of advanced liquid biofuels. It analyzes how various fuel properties impact light-duty engine performance for gasoline and diesel engines. A modeling methodology using multilinear regression is presented to predict fuel consumption based on fuel properties. Key fuel properties identified are octane number, heat of vaporization, net calorific value, and oxygen content for gasoline engines, and density, viscosity, cetane number, and lower heating value for diesel engines. A fuel blend property calculator tool is also introduced. The document concludes that both fuel properties and driving cycles influence engine performance, and the developed models accurately represent this relationship.
The document discusses hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and their potential benefits. It provides an introduction to hydrogen fuel cells and their development as an alternative to petroleum. It then discusses how hydrogen fuel cells work by using electrolysis to split hydrogen and oxygen atoms and create an electrical current. The conclusion states that further research into hydrogen fuel cells could help reduce dependence on foreign oil and lessen environmental impacts.
This document proposes a dual combustion internal combustion engine that uses hydrogen and gasoline/diesel as fuels. It has upper and lower combustion chambers that operate alternately. Hydrogen would be injected into the lower chamber while gasoline/diesel would be used in the upper chamber. This design aims to leverage the benefits of hydrogen such as high flame speed and low emissions, while utilizing the existing infrastructure for liquid fuels. Calculations indicate the engine could produce 962.7 Nm of torque. The document discusses the working, valve timing, piston design, injection methods, engine balancing and concludes this dual-fuel engine could help conserve resources for future generations.
The document is a presentation on hydrogen as a future fuel. It was presented by five MBA students to a professor. The presentation discusses hydrogen's history and development as a fuel worldwide and in India. It describes various methods of hydrogen production and storage. The presentation outlines government policies and initiatives in India to promote hydrogen use and provides an overview of research projects. It discusses benefits and challenges of hydrogen as a fuel and highlights applications. The conclusion is that hydrogen could be the fuel of the future with increased focus on extraction technologies and storage solutions.
This document discusses hydrogen fuel cell vehicles as an alternative to gasoline vehicles. It notes that hydrogen fuel cells have the potential to significantly reduce dependence on foreign oil given rising gas prices. However, widespread adoption of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles still faces challenges related to infrastructure, vehicle cost and range, and the source of hydrogen production. The document argues that an aggressive pursuit of the technology could help address economic, political, and environmental issues associated with oil dependence.
The document analyzes the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with cashew nut shell liquid bio-diesel (B20) and hydrogen as a dual fuel. Tests were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine operated at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. Hydrogen was added to the inlet air at flow rates of 4 lpm, 8 lpm, and 12 lpm while B20 fuel was directly injected. The results showed that adding 8 lpm of hydrogen to B20 reduced HC and CO emissions compared to B20 and diesel alone. Brake thermal efficiency and NOx increased for this dual fuel mode. Exhaust gas temperature also increased with the addition of 8 lpm hydrogen to B20 fuel.
HHO (Oxy-Hydrogen) is non-toxic gas, used as a supplement to any traditional fuels such as Petrol (Gasoline), Diesel, Heavy oil, Acetylene, Propane, Kerosene, LPG etc to.
Increse Engine Performance, Milage
Polution Free Exhaust
www.watercar.in
Fuel cell electric vehicles use hydrogen as a fuel to power electric motors, addressing issues with petroleum dependence, emissions, and air quality. However, developing light, affordable hydrogen storage onboard vehicles and building out hydrogen production and fueling infrastructure present hurdles. Current hydrogen storage options include compressed gas, liquid hydrogen, and reversible chemical storage in metal hydrides, with research focusing on meeting energy density and cost goals through new materials or multi-method "hybrid" storage approaches.
From fuel properties to engine performanceTechFinland
The document discusses a project called ADVANCEFUEL that aims to facilitate the market adoption of advanced liquid biofuels. It analyzes how various fuel properties impact light-duty engine performance for gasoline and diesel engines. A modeling methodology using multilinear regression is presented to predict fuel consumption based on fuel properties. Key fuel properties identified are octane number, heat of vaporization, net calorific value, and oxygen content for gasoline engines, and density, viscosity, cetane number, and lower heating value for diesel engines. A fuel blend property calculator tool is also introduced. The document concludes that both fuel properties and driving cycles influence engine performance, and the developed models accurately represent this relationship.
The document discusses hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and their potential benefits. It provides an introduction to hydrogen fuel cells and their development as an alternative to petroleum. It then discusses how hydrogen fuel cells work by using electrolysis to split hydrogen and oxygen atoms and create an electrical current. The conclusion states that further research into hydrogen fuel cells could help reduce dependence on foreign oil and lessen environmental impacts.
This document proposes a dual combustion internal combustion engine that uses hydrogen and gasoline/diesel as fuels. It has upper and lower combustion chambers that operate alternately. Hydrogen would be injected into the lower chamber while gasoline/diesel would be used in the upper chamber. This design aims to leverage the benefits of hydrogen such as high flame speed and low emissions, while utilizing the existing infrastructure for liquid fuels. Calculations indicate the engine could produce 962.7 Nm of torque. The document discusses the working, valve timing, piston design, injection methods, engine balancing and concludes this dual-fuel engine could help conserve resources for future generations.
The document is a presentation on hydrogen as a future fuel. It was presented by five MBA students to a professor. The presentation discusses hydrogen's history and development as a fuel worldwide and in India. It describes various methods of hydrogen production and storage. The presentation outlines government policies and initiatives in India to promote hydrogen use and provides an overview of research projects. It discusses benefits and challenges of hydrogen as a fuel and highlights applications. The conclusion is that hydrogen could be the fuel of the future with increased focus on extraction technologies and storage solutions.
This document discusses hydrogen fuel cell vehicles as an alternative to gasoline vehicles. It notes that hydrogen fuel cells have the potential to significantly reduce dependence on foreign oil given rising gas prices. However, widespread adoption of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles still faces challenges related to infrastructure, vehicle cost and range, and the source of hydrogen production. The document argues that an aggressive pursuit of the technology could help address economic, political, and environmental issues associated with oil dependence.
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This document discusses hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and their potential as an alternative to gasoline vehicles. It first defines what a fuel cell is and how it works to convert chemical energy to electrical energy. It then discusses using hydrogen as the fuel for vehicles through fuel cells. The document outlines some of the key challenges around hydrogen storage and infrastructure development for fuel cell vehicles. It provides examples of fuel cell vehicles being developed for automobiles, buses, bicycles, and aircraft. While criticizing issues around costs and limited infrastructure currently, the document concludes that hydrogen fuel cells could provide a wholesale substitute for foreign oil within a decade as a clean and efficient alternative energy.
Bartholomy Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles Using Mazda Rotary PrototypeCardinaleWay Mazda
The document discusses hydrogen fuel cell vehicles as an alternative to gasoline-powered vehicles. It covers issues like high gas prices, environmental benefits, and challenges around hydrogen storage, infrastructure, and costs. The author recommends aggressively pursuing hydrogen fuel cell vehicles through goals and incentives to address dependence on oil and switch to a clean energy source within a decade.
This document discusses alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. It examines various alternative fuel options including electricity, solar power, liquefied petroleum gas, compressed natural gas, hydrogen fuel cells, and others. For each option, it provides details on how the technology works, examples of vehicles that use the fuel, and advantages and disadvantages compared to conventional fuels. The conclusion states that alternative fuels can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and many options are being developed that are inexpensive and environmentally friendly.
This document discusses hydrogen as an alternative fuel. It outlines several methods for producing hydrogen including natural gas reforming, electrolysis, gasification, and fermentation. It also describes how hydrogen fuel cells work and their advantages as being more efficient than internal combustion engines. However, challenges with hydrogen storage and the costs of extraction are discussed as disadvantages. The document concludes that while hydrogen is a promising alternative fuel, further research is still needed to make its implementation more sustainable and reliable.
Introduction To Alternative Fuels For Atlanta Technical Collegeuniversalffg
Yvonne Gamble, CEO of 9TWO5 Motoring Alternative Fuels taught an “Introduction to Alternative Fuels” class, which kicked-off Atlanta Technical College “Green Technology” fall series. The introductory class designed for students entering college and for high school seniors and juniors gave students an industry definition, an understanding of alternative fuels national growth trends; introduction to alternative energy technology, and provided an in-depth look at alternative energy employment.
This presentation discusses hydrogen fuel cells as a clean energy alternative. It provides an overview of the history and principle of fuel cells, focusing on hydrogen fuel cells. The key advantages are their high efficiency, low emissions that produce only water, and potential to power vehicles. Challenges include currently high costs, unknown long-term durability, and lack of hydrogen refueling infrastructure. The future potential of hydrogen fuel cells is discussed as the technology continues to develop.
IRJET- Modification of I.C. Engine to Run with Water as Supplement Fuel to In...IRJET Journal
The document presents a study on modifying an internal combustion (IC) engine to run with water as a supplemental fuel using an HHO kit. The HHO kit uses electrolysis to separate water into hydrogen and oxygen gases. These gases are then supplied to the engine's air intake, where they aid in more complete combustion, increasing fuel efficiency while reducing emissions. Experimental testing showed the modified engine achieved a 10% increase in thermal efficiency, 34% reduction in fuel consumption, and reductions in various emissions when using the HHO kit compared to running on gasoline alone.
HyEnergy is a startup focused on developing water fuel cell systems as a cleaner, greener, and cheaper alternative to fossil fuels. It is led by Nitin Raulji and Jacob Francis, who have experience in physics, power electronics, and product development. HyEnergy seeks to promote hydrogen generated from water electrolysis as an alternative fuel that is more efficient and reduces emissions compared to fossil fuels. Their initial product increases vehicle mileage by 20-40% and reduces emissions by consuming only water to generate hydrogen added to fuel. Customers report fuel savings of up to 35% and emissions reductions of up to 50%.
The document discusses hydrogen fuel cell technology and its potential to contribute to energy independence. It provides an overview of what fuel cells are and how they work. Some key points include that fuel cells produce electricity through an electrochemical reaction without combustion, and are more efficient than fuel burning. It also discusses the types of fuel cells, challenges to adoption like cost and storage, and benefits like efficiency, reliability and reduced emissions. Lastly, it covers laws and incentives supporting hydrogen fuel cell development.
Design of Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine with Fuel Regeneration and Ener...Sameer Shah
This document summarizes a proposal for a hydrogen internal combustion engine with fuel regeneration and energy recovery systems. It begins with background on fossil fuels and their finite nature. It then discusses hydrogen as an alternative fuel, noting its advantages of being renewable but challenges of storage. The proposal is for an engine that takes in water and salt as inputs, uses hydrogen separated from the water as fuel, and regenerates the water while recovering mechanical and electrical energy through various systems. The engine aims to address current challenges with hydrogen storage in internal combustion engines.
ALCOHOL AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL IN IC ENGINEraj kumar
As vehicles are increase their is demand of fuel and using of fossil fuels,which emits CFS gases which damages ozone layer and harmful for human. I'm going to explain how we can Use of alternative fuel to reduce pollution and also to save the fossil fuels.Alcohol on combustion emits carbondoixiode and water which is again absorbed by the plants.
Abstract: Gaseous fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) have been widely used in commercial vehicles. This project evaluated an experimental investigation on Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as an alternative fuel for four-stroke spark ignition engine. The primary objective of the study was to determine the performance and the exhaust emissions of the engine using different fuels. The engine used in the study was originally a single cylinder, four-stroke spark ignition engine and minor modifications were carried out to permit the experiments to run on LPG fuel. During the running, the engine was coupled to a ropeway dynamometer to measure several engine performance parameters and a 5-gas analyzer with non-dispersive infra-red (NDIR) was inserted into the engine exhaust tailpipe for measuring the exhaust emissions. Experimental investigations have been carried out to performance and emissions of single cylinder four-stroke spark ignition engine at full throttling position of engine and different load conditions is used to different fuels (Gasoline and LPG) at various compression ratios (4.67:1,5.49:1).The engine performance studies were conducted with engine setup. Parameters like brake power, brake fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency were calculated. The test result indicated that LPG fuel have closer performance to Gasoline fuel. However, the brake specific energy consumption shows an improvement with LPG as a fuel replacement. The concentration levels of CO, CO2 and unburnt HC recorded are found to be lower than the gasoline fueled engine.
This document summarizes the history and future of hydrogen as a fuel source and fuel cells. It discusses how fuel cells work by converting the chemical energy in hydrogen into electricity through an electrochemical reaction. Different types of fuel cells are described, including proton exchange membrane, alkaline, phosphoric acid, molten carbonate, and solid oxide fuel cells. Applications for fuel cells include transportation, portable power devices, and stationary power generation. The document concludes that the commercialization of fuel cells is increasing, with projections of millions of fuel cell shipments by the next decade, and opportunities for further innovation in areas like hydrogen generation and storage.
This is a presentation given during our studies at the Moore School of Business of the University of South Carolina on hydrogen fuel cell technologies.
This document discusses hydrogen fuel cells for use in automobiles. It begins with an introduction to fuel cells, explaining that they generate electricity through an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen without combustion. The parts of a typical fuel cell are then described, including the anode, cathode, electrolyte, and catalyst. The document goes on to explain how a hydrogen fuel cell works to split hydrogen and oxygen and generate electricity, water, and heat. It notes that hydrogen fuel cells could power electric vehicles without pollution. The document concludes by discussing challenges like hydrogen storage and costs, but envisions potential benefits if the technology is improved.
The document discusses Applied Hydrogen's conductive hydrogen storage technology for applications in hydrogen fuel storage, air conditioning, and energy storage. It aims to commercialize a solid-state hydrogen storage material integrated into a porous metal support structure ("Hydripak") that provides faster hydrogen absorption/desorption rates compared to powder-bed hydrides due to better heat conductivity. Key target markets include industrial and vehicular hydrogen storage, merchant hydrogen delivery, renewable energy storage, UPS, and freon-free cooling. Applied Hydrogen plans to demonstrate commercial feasibility and develop marketable products over the next 3 years.
This document compares the properties and usage of various alternative fuels for internal combustion engines including alcohols, hydrogen, natural gas, and vegetable oils. It provides tables listing properties like density, heating value, emissions profiles, and toxicity for different fuels. The document also discusses advantages and limitations of using alcohols as well as production and storage of hydrogen as a potential fuel. It concludes that while hydrogen shows technical feasibility as an alternative fuel, further research is still needed in areas like affordable production, improved onboard storage, and safety.
The document discusses several alternative fuels to gasoline including ethanol, electricity, biodiesel, and hydrogen. Ethanol is made from distilling crops like barley to produce alcohol that can be mixed with gasoline. Electricity can power cars through battery cells that store energy or fuel cells that combine hydrogen and oxygen. Biodiesel is made from vegetable and animal fats and can be used directly in specially designed engines or mixed with petroleum. Hydrogen can be used in fuel cells by combining it with oxygen or mixed with natural gas. Each option requires infrastructure like manufacturing plants, fueling stations, and distribution networks. The author concludes that biodiesel would be the best near-term option as it utilizes waste materials and is
A Review Paper on "Performance of Different Fuels inInternal Combustion Engine"IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a review paper on the performance of different fuels in internal combustion engines. It discusses conventional fuels like petrol, diesel, and CNG as well as alternative fuels like bio-diesel, ethanol, hydrogen, and ethanol-petrol blends. Each alternative fuel has different effects on engine performance. The review finds that ethanol has a higher octane number than petrol but can reduce brake power and increase fuel consumption compared to petrol. Hydrogen increases combustion efficiency and reduces emissions, but producing hydrogen requires energy. CNG has lower exhaust temperature and higher thermal efficiency than petrol but also the highest torque and brake power. The document provides an overview of various fuels and their properties for use in internal combustion engines.
IRJET- Study of Performance and Emission Analysis of Hydrogen-Diesel Duel Fue...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the performance and emissions of a hydrogen-diesel dual fuel engine. The study was conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine fueled with both hydrogen, injected into the intake manifold, and diesel fuel. The experiments were performed across a range of engine speeds. The results showed reductions in unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions with the addition of hydrogen. Hydrogen is considered a promising alternative fuel due to its clean burning properties and ability to reduce harmful emissions when used in combination with diesel fuel in a compression ignition engine.
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This document discusses hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and their potential as an alternative to gasoline vehicles. It first defines what a fuel cell is and how it works to convert chemical energy to electrical energy. It then discusses using hydrogen as the fuel for vehicles through fuel cells. The document outlines some of the key challenges around hydrogen storage and infrastructure development for fuel cell vehicles. It provides examples of fuel cell vehicles being developed for automobiles, buses, bicycles, and aircraft. While criticizing issues around costs and limited infrastructure currently, the document concludes that hydrogen fuel cells could provide a wholesale substitute for foreign oil within a decade as a clean and efficient alternative energy.
Bartholomy Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles Using Mazda Rotary PrototypeCardinaleWay Mazda
The document discusses hydrogen fuel cell vehicles as an alternative to gasoline-powered vehicles. It covers issues like high gas prices, environmental benefits, and challenges around hydrogen storage, infrastructure, and costs. The author recommends aggressively pursuing hydrogen fuel cell vehicles through goals and incentives to address dependence on oil and switch to a clean energy source within a decade.
This document discusses alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. It examines various alternative fuel options including electricity, solar power, liquefied petroleum gas, compressed natural gas, hydrogen fuel cells, and others. For each option, it provides details on how the technology works, examples of vehicles that use the fuel, and advantages and disadvantages compared to conventional fuels. The conclusion states that alternative fuels can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and many options are being developed that are inexpensive and environmentally friendly.
This document discusses hydrogen as an alternative fuel. It outlines several methods for producing hydrogen including natural gas reforming, electrolysis, gasification, and fermentation. It also describes how hydrogen fuel cells work and their advantages as being more efficient than internal combustion engines. However, challenges with hydrogen storage and the costs of extraction are discussed as disadvantages. The document concludes that while hydrogen is a promising alternative fuel, further research is still needed to make its implementation more sustainable and reliable.
Introduction To Alternative Fuels For Atlanta Technical Collegeuniversalffg
Yvonne Gamble, CEO of 9TWO5 Motoring Alternative Fuels taught an “Introduction to Alternative Fuels” class, which kicked-off Atlanta Technical College “Green Technology” fall series. The introductory class designed for students entering college and for high school seniors and juniors gave students an industry definition, an understanding of alternative fuels national growth trends; introduction to alternative energy technology, and provided an in-depth look at alternative energy employment.
This presentation discusses hydrogen fuel cells as a clean energy alternative. It provides an overview of the history and principle of fuel cells, focusing on hydrogen fuel cells. The key advantages are their high efficiency, low emissions that produce only water, and potential to power vehicles. Challenges include currently high costs, unknown long-term durability, and lack of hydrogen refueling infrastructure. The future potential of hydrogen fuel cells is discussed as the technology continues to develop.
IRJET- Modification of I.C. Engine to Run with Water as Supplement Fuel to In...IRJET Journal
The document presents a study on modifying an internal combustion (IC) engine to run with water as a supplemental fuel using an HHO kit. The HHO kit uses electrolysis to separate water into hydrogen and oxygen gases. These gases are then supplied to the engine's air intake, where they aid in more complete combustion, increasing fuel efficiency while reducing emissions. Experimental testing showed the modified engine achieved a 10% increase in thermal efficiency, 34% reduction in fuel consumption, and reductions in various emissions when using the HHO kit compared to running on gasoline alone.
HyEnergy is a startup focused on developing water fuel cell systems as a cleaner, greener, and cheaper alternative to fossil fuels. It is led by Nitin Raulji and Jacob Francis, who have experience in physics, power electronics, and product development. HyEnergy seeks to promote hydrogen generated from water electrolysis as an alternative fuel that is more efficient and reduces emissions compared to fossil fuels. Their initial product increases vehicle mileage by 20-40% and reduces emissions by consuming only water to generate hydrogen added to fuel. Customers report fuel savings of up to 35% and emissions reductions of up to 50%.
The document discusses hydrogen fuel cell technology and its potential to contribute to energy independence. It provides an overview of what fuel cells are and how they work. Some key points include that fuel cells produce electricity through an electrochemical reaction without combustion, and are more efficient than fuel burning. It also discusses the types of fuel cells, challenges to adoption like cost and storage, and benefits like efficiency, reliability and reduced emissions. Lastly, it covers laws and incentives supporting hydrogen fuel cell development.
Design of Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine with Fuel Regeneration and Ener...Sameer Shah
This document summarizes a proposal for a hydrogen internal combustion engine with fuel regeneration and energy recovery systems. It begins with background on fossil fuels and their finite nature. It then discusses hydrogen as an alternative fuel, noting its advantages of being renewable but challenges of storage. The proposal is for an engine that takes in water and salt as inputs, uses hydrogen separated from the water as fuel, and regenerates the water while recovering mechanical and electrical energy through various systems. The engine aims to address current challenges with hydrogen storage in internal combustion engines.
ALCOHOL AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL IN IC ENGINEraj kumar
As vehicles are increase their is demand of fuel and using of fossil fuels,which emits CFS gases which damages ozone layer and harmful for human. I'm going to explain how we can Use of alternative fuel to reduce pollution and also to save the fossil fuels.Alcohol on combustion emits carbondoixiode and water which is again absorbed by the plants.
Abstract: Gaseous fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) have been widely used in commercial vehicles. This project evaluated an experimental investigation on Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as an alternative fuel for four-stroke spark ignition engine. The primary objective of the study was to determine the performance and the exhaust emissions of the engine using different fuels. The engine used in the study was originally a single cylinder, four-stroke spark ignition engine and minor modifications were carried out to permit the experiments to run on LPG fuel. During the running, the engine was coupled to a ropeway dynamometer to measure several engine performance parameters and a 5-gas analyzer with non-dispersive infra-red (NDIR) was inserted into the engine exhaust tailpipe for measuring the exhaust emissions. Experimental investigations have been carried out to performance and emissions of single cylinder four-stroke spark ignition engine at full throttling position of engine and different load conditions is used to different fuels (Gasoline and LPG) at various compression ratios (4.67:1,5.49:1).The engine performance studies were conducted with engine setup. Parameters like brake power, brake fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency were calculated. The test result indicated that LPG fuel have closer performance to Gasoline fuel. However, the brake specific energy consumption shows an improvement with LPG as a fuel replacement. The concentration levels of CO, CO2 and unburnt HC recorded are found to be lower than the gasoline fueled engine.
This document summarizes the history and future of hydrogen as a fuel source and fuel cells. It discusses how fuel cells work by converting the chemical energy in hydrogen into electricity through an electrochemical reaction. Different types of fuel cells are described, including proton exchange membrane, alkaline, phosphoric acid, molten carbonate, and solid oxide fuel cells. Applications for fuel cells include transportation, portable power devices, and stationary power generation. The document concludes that the commercialization of fuel cells is increasing, with projections of millions of fuel cell shipments by the next decade, and opportunities for further innovation in areas like hydrogen generation and storage.
This is a presentation given during our studies at the Moore School of Business of the University of South Carolina on hydrogen fuel cell technologies.
This document discusses hydrogen fuel cells for use in automobiles. It begins with an introduction to fuel cells, explaining that they generate electricity through an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen without combustion. The parts of a typical fuel cell are then described, including the anode, cathode, electrolyte, and catalyst. The document goes on to explain how a hydrogen fuel cell works to split hydrogen and oxygen and generate electricity, water, and heat. It notes that hydrogen fuel cells could power electric vehicles without pollution. The document concludes by discussing challenges like hydrogen storage and costs, but envisions potential benefits if the technology is improved.
The document discusses Applied Hydrogen's conductive hydrogen storage technology for applications in hydrogen fuel storage, air conditioning, and energy storage. It aims to commercialize a solid-state hydrogen storage material integrated into a porous metal support structure ("Hydripak") that provides faster hydrogen absorption/desorption rates compared to powder-bed hydrides due to better heat conductivity. Key target markets include industrial and vehicular hydrogen storage, merchant hydrogen delivery, renewable energy storage, UPS, and freon-free cooling. Applied Hydrogen plans to demonstrate commercial feasibility and develop marketable products over the next 3 years.
This document compares the properties and usage of various alternative fuels for internal combustion engines including alcohols, hydrogen, natural gas, and vegetable oils. It provides tables listing properties like density, heating value, emissions profiles, and toxicity for different fuels. The document also discusses advantages and limitations of using alcohols as well as production and storage of hydrogen as a potential fuel. It concludes that while hydrogen shows technical feasibility as an alternative fuel, further research is still needed in areas like affordable production, improved onboard storage, and safety.
The document discusses several alternative fuels to gasoline including ethanol, electricity, biodiesel, and hydrogen. Ethanol is made from distilling crops like barley to produce alcohol that can be mixed with gasoline. Electricity can power cars through battery cells that store energy or fuel cells that combine hydrogen and oxygen. Biodiesel is made from vegetable and animal fats and can be used directly in specially designed engines or mixed with petroleum. Hydrogen can be used in fuel cells by combining it with oxygen or mixed with natural gas. Each option requires infrastructure like manufacturing plants, fueling stations, and distribution networks. The author concludes that biodiesel would be the best near-term option as it utilizes waste materials and is
A Review Paper on "Performance of Different Fuels inInternal Combustion Engine"IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a review paper on the performance of different fuels in internal combustion engines. It discusses conventional fuels like petrol, diesel, and CNG as well as alternative fuels like bio-diesel, ethanol, hydrogen, and ethanol-petrol blends. Each alternative fuel has different effects on engine performance. The review finds that ethanol has a higher octane number than petrol but can reduce brake power and increase fuel consumption compared to petrol. Hydrogen increases combustion efficiency and reduces emissions, but producing hydrogen requires energy. CNG has lower exhaust temperature and higher thermal efficiency than petrol but also the highest torque and brake power. The document provides an overview of various fuels and their properties for use in internal combustion engines.
IRJET- Study of Performance and Emission Analysis of Hydrogen-Diesel Duel Fue...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the performance and emissions of a hydrogen-diesel dual fuel engine. The study was conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine fueled with both hydrogen, injected into the intake manifold, and diesel fuel. The experiments were performed across a range of engine speeds. The results showed reductions in unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions with the addition of hydrogen. Hydrogen is considered a promising alternative fuel due to its clean burning properties and ability to reduce harmful emissions when used in combination with diesel fuel in a compression ignition engine.
Experimental Study of Hydrogen Peroxide Induction to a 4-Stroke Diesel Engine...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on the effects of adding hydrogen peroxide to biodiesel-diesel blends used in a diesel engine. Biodiesel was produced from calophyllum inophyllum oil using a transesterification process. Blends containing 60% diesel, 30% biodiesel, and 10% hydrogen peroxide additive showed the best performance. Tests on the engine found that this blend had higher brake thermal efficiency and lower brake specific fuel consumption and emissions than other blends, especially at a injection pressure of 205 bars. The addition of hydrogen peroxide was found to improve the performance and reduce emissions of the engine compared to blends without the additive.
IRJET- Performance of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engine with Euc...IRJET Journal
This document discusses testing the performance of a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine running on eucalyptus oil biodiesel. Key points:
1) Tests were conducted on a single cylinder HCCI engine to analyze parameters like brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, and emissions of NOx, HC, and smoke when running on blends of 10% eucalyptus oil biodiesel and 90% diesel.
2) Results showed performance decreased with HCCI operation but emissions of NOx, HC, and smoke reduced significantly.
3) HCCI aims to combine benefits of gasoline and diesel engines like low soot emissions and high efficiency. It prem
Experimental Investigation of Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteri...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of an experimental study that tested various biodiesel-methanol-diesel blends in a single cylinder diesel engine. The biodiesel was produced from Kusum seed oil. The engine performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics were analyzed for blends with 15%, 25%, 35%, and 45% biodiesel, 5% methanol, and the remainder diesel. Overall, the blends showed higher fuel consumption but lower carbon monoxide emissions than diesel. Nitrogen oxide emissions increased with higher methanol content in the blends, while carbon monoxide decreased. A 5% methanol blend was more effective at reducing carbon monoxide than a 45% biodiesel blend. Cylinder pressure and heat
IRJET- Experimental Analysis of Emission Performance Characteristics on Diese...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental study analyzing the emission performance of diesel and biodiesel blends with exhaust gas recirculation in a diesel engine. Biodiesel was produced from Jatropha oil using acid esterification and alkaline transesterification. Experiments were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine operated with biodiesel-diesel blends (B10, B20) under natural aspiration and exhaust gas recirculation conditions. Engine performance, combustion parameters, and emissions of CO, HC, smoke and NOx were measured and compared under different test conditions. Instrumentation included an oscilloscope to monitor in-cylinder pressure and a dynamometer to measure engine speed and load.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of CI Engine Fuelled with Karanji Oil a...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation of a CI engine fueled with karanji biodiesel using pyrogallol as an antioxidant additive. Karanji seed oil was converted to biodiesel via a transesterification process and blended with diesel in ratios of B10, B15 and B20 (10%, 15%, 20% biodiesel). Pyrogallol was added to these blends as an antioxidant. The engine performance and emissions were tested for the various blends and compared to pure diesel. The results showed that brake thermal efficiency was higher for the biodiesel blends compared to diesel. Emissions of CO, CO2 and HC were also lower for the biodiesel blends,
IRJET- Raspberry Pi and Image Processing based Person Recognition System for ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with blends of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil and kerosene. Waste cooking oil was converted to biodiesel via a transesterification process and then blended with kerosene at ratios of 10%, 20%, and 50% kerosene. The blends were tested in a single cylinder diesel engine and results showed that a 50% kerosene blend increased brake thermal efficiency by 2.55% compared to pure biodiesel and reduced smoke, CO, and HC emissions while slightly increasing NOx emissions. The 50% kerosene blend provided the best performance and emissions characteristics of the fuels tested.
IRJET- Performance and Emissions Characteristics of Biodiesel from Waste Cook...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with blends of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil and kerosene. Waste cooking oil was converted to biodiesel via a transesterification process using methanol and KOH catalyst. The biodiesel was then blended with kerosene in proportions of 10%, 20%, and 50% and tested in a single cylinder diesel engine. Test results showed that a 50% blend of kerosene and biodiesel increased brake thermal efficiency by 2.55% compared to pure biodiesel. Specific fuel consumption was also reduced. CO, HC, and smoke emissions decreased with the 50% blend while NOx increased slightly
Performance and Emission Characteristics of Tire Pyrolysis Oil (TPO) Blend w...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the performance and emission characteristics of blends of tire pyrolysis oil (TPO) and diesel in various compositions in a diesel engine. Tire waste was pyrolyzed to produce a pyrolysis oil and the oil was blended with diesel in ratios of 10%, 20%, and 30% TPO. The blends were then tested in a single cylinder diesel engine and the performance parameters and emissions were analyzed and compared to a baseline test using only diesel. The goal of the study was to investigate the potential of using TPO from waste tires as an alternative fuel to replace some portion of diesel.
IRJET- Performance Analysis of Gasoline Engine using HHO Gas as FuelIRJET Journal
This document discusses using HHO gas (a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gases) as a supplemental fuel in gasoline engines. It summarizes a study that installed an HHO gas kit on a two-stroke petrol engine to analyze performance and emissions when running on petrol alone and when running with added HHO gas. The study found reductions in fuel consumption and emissions of pollutants like carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and carbon dioxide when using HHO gas, particularly under ideal operating conditions. It also provides details on the HHO gas generation system used, which produces gas via electrolysis of water using a titanium electrode and potassium hydroxide electrolyte solution.
Emission Characteristics of CI Engine by using Palm Bio- DieselIJERA Editor
Environmental concerns and energy crisis of the world has led to the search of alternate to the fossil fuel. FAME
(Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) is environment friendly, alternative, and non-toxic, safe; biodegradable has a high
flash point and is also termed as Bio-Diesel. The growing economic risk of relying primarily on fossil fuels with
limited reserves and Increasing prices has increased the interest on alternative energy sources. Clean and
renewable biofuels have been touted as the answer to the issue of diminishing fossil fuels. INDIA the largest
producer of palm oil has committed to focus interest on biofuels, namely palm biodiesel. Since palm oil has a
high fossil energy balance, it is a key source of raw material for biodiesel production. This paper presents palm
biodiesel as an alternative source of green renewable energy through a survey conducted from previously
researched findings. In this experimental study testing of emission characteristics and performances test of palm
Bio-diesel at various ratios form (B25%, B 50%, B75%, B100%) of Bio-diesel. As we compared with fossil fuel
(diesel) and palm bio-diesel on base of various emission elements (CO, CO2, NOx, O2, and HC).
Performance evaluation and emission analysis of 4 s, i.c. engine using ethan...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Performance evaluation and emission analysis of 4 s, i.c. engine using ethan...eSAT Journals
This document evaluates the performance and emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine running on ethanol-biodiesel-diesel blends. The key findings are:
1) Engine tests were conducted at varying loads using blends of D80B15E5, D70B20E10, and D70B25E5 and results were compared to neat diesel.
2) The D70B20E10 blend showed lower CO and HC emissions than other blends and slightly higher thermal efficiency than diesel.
3) Biodiesel's higher density and lower calorific value led to slightly higher fuel consumption for blends compared to diesel.
Converting a Diesel Engine to Dual-Fuel Engine Using Natural GasABHAY TIWARI
Over the past many years, large numbers of car buyers have been opting for a petrol car with a compressed natural gas (CNG)
kit fitted by the company. The most important thing is that the petrol engines cause global warming by having a large amount
of toxic gases exhausted by the petrol cars. However, by the introduction of catalytic converters (a catalytic converter is a
vehicle emissions control device that converts toxic pollutants in exhaust gas to less toxic pollutants by catalysing a redox
reaction) we have been able to reduce the toxic emissions. Use of Catalytic converters in internal combustion engines fuelled
by either petrol or diesel, which reduces pollutants such as CO to a much less harmful gas, such as CO2. Because of this, a
catalyst car also consumes slightly more fuel, thus reducing its performance. However, by having these improvements, petrol
engine cars with catalysts still exhaust more CO and HC than cars with diesel engine, and by using a CNG kit there is are other
problem such as starting problems and jerks. Therefore, CNG kit is not as useful as it is expected to be. An alternative to this is
a diesel engine (dual fuel engine). However, a question arises that, Why Should one Choose a Diesel Powered dual fuel Engine
over other. So the answer is Diesel fuel contains more energy per litre than petrol. Thus, making more efficient than petrol
engine car. Diesel fuel contains no emissions of the regulated pollutants like (carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen
oxides) which are quite less than those from petrol cars without a catalyst. Therefore, diesel engines are attracting greater
attention due to higher efficiency and cost effectiveness. Now, the main objective of this paper is to convert a diesel engine into
duel fuel engine with compressed natural gas, which will overcome the problem of cost and global warming. This paper
presents a dual fuel system for diesel-natural gas operation for a diesel engine, and analysis of the operating characteristics of
the engine.
The document provides an overview of alternative fuels for vehicles. It discusses why alternative fuels are used instead of traditional petroleum fuels, including lower costs and reduced environmental impacts. Various alternative fuel types are then summarized, such as ethanol, propane, natural gas, biogas, hydrogen fuel cells, electricity, and hybrid technologies. Challenges with certain fuels like hydrogen storage and electric vehicle battery capacity are also outlined. The presentation examines alternative fuels in different vehicle applications including passenger cars, buses, military vehicles, and experimental solar and multi-mode vehicles.
IRJET-Performance Study on Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) Engine using Diff...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research into using neem biodiesel in a variable compression ratio engine. Neem oil is converted to biodiesel via a transesterification process with methanol. The biodiesel is then tested in blends of 10%, 30%, and 50% neem biodiesel with diesel in a single cylinder engine. The performance parameters of brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, and emissions of CO, HC, CO2, and NOx are evaluated at different loads. The results show that a blend of 50% neem biodiesel with 5% methanol additive has the highest brake thermal efficiency but also higher emissions due to the methanol content. Overall, the neem biodiesel blends performed
Electricity Production By Waste MaterialsIRJET Journal
This document discusses electricity production from waste materials via biomass gasification. The process involves converting biomass waste into a combustible gas in a gasifier, and then using the gas to power a generator set. The gasifier thermo-chemically converts solid biomass fuels into a clean syngas. This syngas can then be used for cooking or generating electricity by feeding it into a diesel generator set. The system has advantages such as reducing pollution and recycling waste materials while producing electricity in a renewable way. However, biomass gasification also faces challenges related to capital costs and fuel flexibility.
IRJET- CFD Modelling and Analysis of Dual Fuel (Diesel + Methanol) Combustion...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling to analyze dual fuel combustion (diesel and methanol) in an engine. Simulations were performed using ANSYS Fluent software coupled with chemical kinetics mechanisms. Specifically:
1) CFD was used to model combustion performance in a compression ignition engine running on diesel fuel blended with ethanol and methanol.
2) Formation rates of nitrogen oxides were accurately predicted using an extended chemical kinetics mechanism.
3) Different blends of diesel, ethanol and methanol were modeled and compared in terms of combustion efficiency and emissions. The 70% diesel, 15% ethanol, 15% methanol blend showed the best results with lower emissions.
1. Students fabricated a dual-fuel bike that can run on both petrol and LPG. They attached an LPG cylinder and installed all the necessary components like a gas kit to integrate LPG fuel.
2. Testing showed the bike can smoothly run on LPG for longer trips with a reduced load, and switch to petrol for shorter or heavier load trips.
3. The dual-fuel system provides benefits like increased fuel efficiency over petrol alone and reduced emissions, helping address air pollution issues. However, further research is still needed on safety and potential for widespread adoption.
Similar to IRJET- Experimental Analysis of Acetylene Gas as an Alternative Fuel for S.I. Engine (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.