The document is a presentation on hydrogen as a future fuel. It was presented by five MBA students to a professor. The presentation discusses hydrogen's history and development as a fuel worldwide and in India. It describes various methods of hydrogen production and storage. The presentation outlines government policies and initiatives in India to promote hydrogen use and provides an overview of research projects. It discusses benefits and challenges of hydrogen as a fuel and highlights applications. The conclusion is that hydrogen could be the fuel of the future with increased focus on extraction technologies and storage solutions.
The document discusses hydrogen fuel cells, including their history, working principles, types, and applications. It provides the following key points:
- Hydrogen fuel cells were discovered in 1838 and work by combining hydrogen and oxygen to efficiently produce electricity and water. This is done through an electrochemical process without combustion.
- There are several types of fuel cells including proton exchange membrane, phosphoric acid, solid oxide, and alkaline fuel cells, which differ in their electrolyte and operating temperatures.
- Fuel cells have many potential applications from transportation to backup power and are more efficient than combustion engines. They produce only water and heat as byproducts, making them a cleaner alternative to fossil fuels.
Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe but does not exist naturally on Earth. It has potential as a clean fuel for vehicles and devices. Currently it is mainly produced from methane, but can also be generated through electrolysis and other methods. Hydrogen is colorless, odorless and highly flammable. It can power vehicles and devices through combustion or in fuel cells, which generate electricity through electrochemical reactions with oxygen and have higher efficiency than combustion engines. Widespread use of hydrogen faces challenges including lack of infrastructure and need for cost reductions in production and fuel cells.
this is the representation of hydrogen fuel. In this presentation we showed how hydrogen is useful for future consumption of fuel. We know that in the future the non-renewable sources of energy will be extincted so we have to concentrate on conventional sources of energy like solar energy energy, nuclear energy, hydrogen fuel. Because hydrogen is highly combustible and produce large of energy so we consider to use hydrogen fuel in future aspect
The document discusses hydrogen production and a potential hydrogen economy. It outlines that hydrogen is mainly used today in the Haber process for ammonia production and hydrocracking of petroleum. The hydrogen economy proposes using hydrogen as an energy carrier produced from water using energy rather than being an energy source itself. The main challenges to a hydrogen economy are high costs, developing efficient hydrogen storage methods, and building the necessary infrastructure including production, transportation and distribution. Current hydrogen is mainly produced via natural gas reforming, but other methods discussed are electrolysis, gasification, and biological and photolytic production.
The document provides an overview of hydrogen fuel cells, including their history, types, basic functioning, and connections to electrochemistry, thermodynamics, the environment, and potential applications as an energy source. It discusses how hydrogen fuel cells work through redox reactions at the anode and cathode to produce electricity from hydrogen and oxygen, and are more efficient than combustion engines due to their electrochemical rather than combustion process. It also notes that hydrogen fuel cells can be powered through renewable energy sources like electrolysis of water using solar or hydro power.
Hydrogen has many potential industrial applications but faces challenges in production, storage, and safety. It is primarily produced through steam methane reforming, which accounts for 48% of global hydrogen. Other methods include electrolysis and gasification of fossil fuels or biomass. Hydrogen is used in various industrial processes but storage remains an issue due to its low density. Further development is needed to establish hydrogen as a sustainable energy carrier.
- Hydrogen can be used as a fuel in fuel cells or internal combustion engines. It is the most abundant element in the universe and can be produced from water through electrolysis using renewable energy sources.
- Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles operate by using hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity through an electrochemical reaction without combustion, emitting only water vapor. Several automakers have developed hydrogen fuel cell vehicle prototypes.
- For widespread adoption, infrastructure is needed for large-scale hydrogen production, storage, and distribution similar to today's gas stations. Challenges include the flammability of hydrogen and high costs of production compared to fossil fuels.
The document discusses hydrogen fuel cells, including their history, working principles, types, and applications. It provides the following key points:
- Hydrogen fuel cells were discovered in 1838 and work by combining hydrogen and oxygen to efficiently produce electricity and water. This is done through an electrochemical process without combustion.
- There are several types of fuel cells including proton exchange membrane, phosphoric acid, solid oxide, and alkaline fuel cells, which differ in their electrolyte and operating temperatures.
- Fuel cells have many potential applications from transportation to backup power and are more efficient than combustion engines. They produce only water and heat as byproducts, making them a cleaner alternative to fossil fuels.
Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe but does not exist naturally on Earth. It has potential as a clean fuel for vehicles and devices. Currently it is mainly produced from methane, but can also be generated through electrolysis and other methods. Hydrogen is colorless, odorless and highly flammable. It can power vehicles and devices through combustion or in fuel cells, which generate electricity through electrochemical reactions with oxygen and have higher efficiency than combustion engines. Widespread use of hydrogen faces challenges including lack of infrastructure and need for cost reductions in production and fuel cells.
this is the representation of hydrogen fuel. In this presentation we showed how hydrogen is useful for future consumption of fuel. We know that in the future the non-renewable sources of energy will be extincted so we have to concentrate on conventional sources of energy like solar energy energy, nuclear energy, hydrogen fuel. Because hydrogen is highly combustible and produce large of energy so we consider to use hydrogen fuel in future aspect
The document discusses hydrogen production and a potential hydrogen economy. It outlines that hydrogen is mainly used today in the Haber process for ammonia production and hydrocracking of petroleum. The hydrogen economy proposes using hydrogen as an energy carrier produced from water using energy rather than being an energy source itself. The main challenges to a hydrogen economy are high costs, developing efficient hydrogen storage methods, and building the necessary infrastructure including production, transportation and distribution. Current hydrogen is mainly produced via natural gas reforming, but other methods discussed are electrolysis, gasification, and biological and photolytic production.
The document provides an overview of hydrogen fuel cells, including their history, types, basic functioning, and connections to electrochemistry, thermodynamics, the environment, and potential applications as an energy source. It discusses how hydrogen fuel cells work through redox reactions at the anode and cathode to produce electricity from hydrogen and oxygen, and are more efficient than combustion engines due to their electrochemical rather than combustion process. It also notes that hydrogen fuel cells can be powered through renewable energy sources like electrolysis of water using solar or hydro power.
Hydrogen has many potential industrial applications but faces challenges in production, storage, and safety. It is primarily produced through steam methane reforming, which accounts for 48% of global hydrogen. Other methods include electrolysis and gasification of fossil fuels or biomass. Hydrogen is used in various industrial processes but storage remains an issue due to its low density. Further development is needed to establish hydrogen as a sustainable energy carrier.
- Hydrogen can be used as a fuel in fuel cells or internal combustion engines. It is the most abundant element in the universe and can be produced from water through electrolysis using renewable energy sources.
- Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles operate by using hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity through an electrochemical reaction without combustion, emitting only water vapor. Several automakers have developed hydrogen fuel cell vehicle prototypes.
- For widespread adoption, infrastructure is needed for large-scale hydrogen production, storage, and distribution similar to today's gas stations. Challenges include the flammability of hydrogen and high costs of production compared to fossil fuels.
The document discusses several methods for producing hydrogen including steam reforming, electrolysis, and harnessing hydrogen-producing bacteria. Steam reforming, the most widely used method, involves reacting methane with steam to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Electrolysis uses electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen but is currently inefficient. Research is being done to genetically modify bacteria to produce hydrogen by feeding them sugars which could be a promising future method. In conclusion, while the technology to produce hydrogen exists, an eco-friendly and practical solution is still many years away.
a brief intro to the technology and working of hydrogen fuel cells.It also discusses the types of fuel cells available in the market and the economy of hydrogen fuel cells.It concludes by giving suitable examples of fuel cell vehicles and a short video animation to properly understand the topic
Today it's easy to start using your existing wind / solar power to become a producer of clean green hydrogen - so you can produce, distribute and sell the hydrogen at the highest bidder - and thus creating a second revenue stream from your renewable power generation - extremely interesting when the guaranteed feed-in tarif comes to an end!
This document provides an overview of fuel cell technology. It discusses how fuel cells work by electrochemically combining hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity and heat. The document describes the key components of a fuel cell and different types of fuel cells. It also outlines various applications of fuel cell technology in transportation, stationary power generation, portable power devices, and more. The benefits of fuel cells are highlighted as being clean, efficient, reliable and durable. Challenges to commercialization are noted as reducing costs, developing hydrogen infrastructure, and managing heat from the cells.
Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe and can be used as a renewable energy. It rarely occurs naturally on Earth as H2. There are three main production methods - chemical reforming, electrolysis, and thermochemical processes. Chemical reforming, also called steam reforming, uses high temperatures to produce hydrogen. Electrolysis uses electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. Thermochemical processes employ chemical reactions and heat to produce hydrogen at lower temperatures than steam reforming. Fuel cells that use hydrogen have higher efficiencies than gasoline engines and can power vehicles. Further improvements to hydrogen production and fuel cells are needed to enable widespread use.
This document discusses hydrogen as an element and energy source. It notes that hydrogen is the simplest and most abundant element in the universe, though it does not naturally occur as a gas. The document outlines several methods of hydrogen production and discusses its use in fuel cells to produce electricity and heat. It provides examples of hydrogen's use in transportation applications like cars, buses and rockets. The document also briefly discusses challenges to wider hydrogen adoption such as high production and infrastructure costs.
SEMINAR TOPIC IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ON FUEL CELLS. SHORT AND BRIEF PRESENTATION ON FUEL CELLS. The presentation consists for preview till conclusion and is meant for minor projects submission by engineering students.
This document discusses hydrogen as an alternative fuel. It outlines several methods for producing hydrogen including natural gas reforming, electrolysis, gasification, and fermentation. It also describes how hydrogen fuel cells work and their advantages as being more efficient than internal combustion engines. However, challenges with hydrogen storage and the costs of extraction are discussed as disadvantages. The document concludes that while hydrogen is a promising alternative fuel, further research is still needed to make its implementation more sustainable and reliable.
Hydrogen has the highest energy content by mass of any fuel and can be used as a substitute for hydrocarbons. It has a non-polluting burning process. There are several methods for producing hydrogen, including electrolysis of water, thermo-chemical processes, and from fossil fuels. Electrolysis uses electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen gases. Filter press electrolyzers are most widely used due to their ability to operate at high current densities and production rates. There are challenges to storing hydrogen including its low density and challenges maintaining it as a liquid. Storage methods include high pressure gas, liquid storage using cryogenics, underground storage, and chemically storing it in metal hydrides.
Types of Nuclear Reactors,BWR,Boiling Water Reactor,PWR,Pressurized Water Reactor,PHWR,Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor,GCR,Gas Cooled Reactor,AGR,Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactor,LGR-Light Water Cooled,Graphite Moderated Reactor,nuclear reactor
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are promising contender as the next generation energy source because of their striking features including high energy density, low operating temperature, easy scale up and zero environmental pollution.
The presentation discusses the history and future potential of fuel cells and hydrogen as alternatives to oil. It notes that fuel cells were first developed in 1839 and used in the 1960s by NASA for the Apollo missions. The Bush Administration has committed to developing hydrogen technologies to reduce oil demand and carbon emissions by 2040. Fuel cells work by using hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity through chemical reactions, with water and heat as byproducts. Challenges include cost, storage, and infrastructure, but applications include transportation, stationary power sources, and more. The presentation highlights examples of fuel cell use in vehicles, rural electrification projects, and more to argue that hydrogen technologies represent a promising clean energy future.
This document provides an overview of fuel cells presented by Mahida Hiren R. It begins with an introduction to fuel cells, explaining that they convert hydrogen and oxygen into water and produce electricity and heat in the process. It then discusses the various types of fuel cells, including hydrogen oxygen cells, phosphoric acid cells, molten carbonate cells, solid oxide cells, and cells using fuels like methanol, ammonia, and hydrazine. The document also covers fuel cell design principles, operation, efficiency, applications, and the sources of polarization that reduce fuel cell performance.
This document provides an overview of fuel cells, including their basic components and operation. It discusses how fuel cells work by separating hydrogen ions and electrons at the anode, with the electrons powering an external circuit before recombining with oxygen and ions at the cathode to form water. Two types of fuel cells are then described in more detail: phosphoric acid fuel cells, which were the first commercialized and use liquid phosphoric acid as the electrolyte, and alkaline fuel cells, which use an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution and react hydrogen and oxygen to produce water, heat and electricity.
Hydrogen can be produced through various methods such as steam reforming of natural gas, partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, thermochemical water splitting using high temperatures, electrolysis of water, radiolysis of water through nuclear radiation, and biological and enzymatic conversion of biomass. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages related to efficiency, costs, environmental impacts, and scalability. Hydrogen is a very useful energy carrier due to its high energy content per unit mass and non-polluting nature when used.
This document discusses various methods for hydrogen storage, including compression, liquefaction, physisorption, metallic hydrides, and complex hydrides. Physisorption through cryoadsorption of hydrogen onto activated carbon at 77K provides a gravimetric density of 10.8% and volumetric density of 41 kg/m3, making it economically competitive. Metallic hydrides like LaNi5H6 provide high volumetric densities but lower gravimetric densities of less than 3%. Complex hydrides show the highest densities but challenges with hydrogen release dynamics.
heavily on fossil fuel
Need to shift toward renewable energy
Government take initiative to increase share of
renewable energy
R&D and technology advancement help to make
renewable energy economical
Public private partnership play a crucial role
With proper policy and planning, India can meet
energy demand from renewable energy sources
This document discusses India's energy sector. It notes that India relies heavily on fossil fuels but is seeking to increase its use of renewable energy. Some key points made include:
- India relies on fossil fuels for 80% of its energy needs but resources are limited and cause pollution.
- Renewable energy development is increasing, with solar and wind being major focuses. The National
Topics Covered:
Why we need Alternative Fuel?
Why Hydrogen is the best Alternative Fuel?
Production, Storage and Transportation of Hydrogen Fuel
Current Status of Hydrogen Fuel
Drawbacks of Using Hydrogen as a Fuel
This document discusses hydrogen as a potential future fuel. It provides background on hydrogen, including its position in the periodic table, common isotopes like protium and deuterium, and current production methods. The document argues that hydrogen could power vehicles and provide an emissions-free transportation fuel when produced through clean methods like electrolysis using solar power. However, it notes that widespread adoption of hydrogen as a fuel still faces challenges related to storage, transportation infrastructure and the need to shift production to renewable energy sources. The document concludes that while hydrogen shows promise as a sustainable transportation fuel, more research is still needed to optimize production and distribution systems before it can fully replace fossil fuels.
This document discusses applications of hydrogen as an energy source in India. It outlines how hydrogen can be produced from water using solar energy and is thus a clean, indigenous fuel for India. Early markets for hydrogen include fuel cells for trucks and balancing renewable energy. In India, hydrogen could help reduce pollution from two- and three-wheelers, which account for 35% of greenhouse gases from transportation. The document discusses pilot projects in India using hydrogen fuel cell buses and cars. Two hydrogen refueling stations have also been established in the country.
Seminar on Hydrogen powered TechnologiesSahil Garg
The document discusses hydrogen powered vehicle technologies. It explains that hydrogen cars have fuel cells that convert hydrogen into electricity to power electric motors, emitting only water. The status of hydrogen technology development in India is outlined, including prototypes developed. Challenges for hydrogen storage on vehicles are described. Various hydrogen-powered vehicles under development or in use are presented, including the Toyota Mirai and a hydrogen bus in India. The document considers whether hydrogen fuel cell technology can be considered green.
The document discusses several methods for producing hydrogen including steam reforming, electrolysis, and harnessing hydrogen-producing bacteria. Steam reforming, the most widely used method, involves reacting methane with steam to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Electrolysis uses electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen but is currently inefficient. Research is being done to genetically modify bacteria to produce hydrogen by feeding them sugars which could be a promising future method. In conclusion, while the technology to produce hydrogen exists, an eco-friendly and practical solution is still many years away.
a brief intro to the technology and working of hydrogen fuel cells.It also discusses the types of fuel cells available in the market and the economy of hydrogen fuel cells.It concludes by giving suitable examples of fuel cell vehicles and a short video animation to properly understand the topic
Today it's easy to start using your existing wind / solar power to become a producer of clean green hydrogen - so you can produce, distribute and sell the hydrogen at the highest bidder - and thus creating a second revenue stream from your renewable power generation - extremely interesting when the guaranteed feed-in tarif comes to an end!
This document provides an overview of fuel cell technology. It discusses how fuel cells work by electrochemically combining hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity and heat. The document describes the key components of a fuel cell and different types of fuel cells. It also outlines various applications of fuel cell technology in transportation, stationary power generation, portable power devices, and more. The benefits of fuel cells are highlighted as being clean, efficient, reliable and durable. Challenges to commercialization are noted as reducing costs, developing hydrogen infrastructure, and managing heat from the cells.
Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe and can be used as a renewable energy. It rarely occurs naturally on Earth as H2. There are three main production methods - chemical reforming, electrolysis, and thermochemical processes. Chemical reforming, also called steam reforming, uses high temperatures to produce hydrogen. Electrolysis uses electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. Thermochemical processes employ chemical reactions and heat to produce hydrogen at lower temperatures than steam reforming. Fuel cells that use hydrogen have higher efficiencies than gasoline engines and can power vehicles. Further improvements to hydrogen production and fuel cells are needed to enable widespread use.
This document discusses hydrogen as an element and energy source. It notes that hydrogen is the simplest and most abundant element in the universe, though it does not naturally occur as a gas. The document outlines several methods of hydrogen production and discusses its use in fuel cells to produce electricity and heat. It provides examples of hydrogen's use in transportation applications like cars, buses and rockets. The document also briefly discusses challenges to wider hydrogen adoption such as high production and infrastructure costs.
SEMINAR TOPIC IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ON FUEL CELLS. SHORT AND BRIEF PRESENTATION ON FUEL CELLS. The presentation consists for preview till conclusion and is meant for minor projects submission by engineering students.
This document discusses hydrogen as an alternative fuel. It outlines several methods for producing hydrogen including natural gas reforming, electrolysis, gasification, and fermentation. It also describes how hydrogen fuel cells work and their advantages as being more efficient than internal combustion engines. However, challenges with hydrogen storage and the costs of extraction are discussed as disadvantages. The document concludes that while hydrogen is a promising alternative fuel, further research is still needed to make its implementation more sustainable and reliable.
Hydrogen has the highest energy content by mass of any fuel and can be used as a substitute for hydrocarbons. It has a non-polluting burning process. There are several methods for producing hydrogen, including electrolysis of water, thermo-chemical processes, and from fossil fuels. Electrolysis uses electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen gases. Filter press electrolyzers are most widely used due to their ability to operate at high current densities and production rates. There are challenges to storing hydrogen including its low density and challenges maintaining it as a liquid. Storage methods include high pressure gas, liquid storage using cryogenics, underground storage, and chemically storing it in metal hydrides.
Types of Nuclear Reactors,BWR,Boiling Water Reactor,PWR,Pressurized Water Reactor,PHWR,Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor,GCR,Gas Cooled Reactor,AGR,Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactor,LGR-Light Water Cooled,Graphite Moderated Reactor,nuclear reactor
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are promising contender as the next generation energy source because of their striking features including high energy density, low operating temperature, easy scale up and zero environmental pollution.
The presentation discusses the history and future potential of fuel cells and hydrogen as alternatives to oil. It notes that fuel cells were first developed in 1839 and used in the 1960s by NASA for the Apollo missions. The Bush Administration has committed to developing hydrogen technologies to reduce oil demand and carbon emissions by 2040. Fuel cells work by using hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity through chemical reactions, with water and heat as byproducts. Challenges include cost, storage, and infrastructure, but applications include transportation, stationary power sources, and more. The presentation highlights examples of fuel cell use in vehicles, rural electrification projects, and more to argue that hydrogen technologies represent a promising clean energy future.
This document provides an overview of fuel cells presented by Mahida Hiren R. It begins with an introduction to fuel cells, explaining that they convert hydrogen and oxygen into water and produce electricity and heat in the process. It then discusses the various types of fuel cells, including hydrogen oxygen cells, phosphoric acid cells, molten carbonate cells, solid oxide cells, and cells using fuels like methanol, ammonia, and hydrazine. The document also covers fuel cell design principles, operation, efficiency, applications, and the sources of polarization that reduce fuel cell performance.
This document provides an overview of fuel cells, including their basic components and operation. It discusses how fuel cells work by separating hydrogen ions and electrons at the anode, with the electrons powering an external circuit before recombining with oxygen and ions at the cathode to form water. Two types of fuel cells are then described in more detail: phosphoric acid fuel cells, which were the first commercialized and use liquid phosphoric acid as the electrolyte, and alkaline fuel cells, which use an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution and react hydrogen and oxygen to produce water, heat and electricity.
Hydrogen can be produced through various methods such as steam reforming of natural gas, partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, thermochemical water splitting using high temperatures, electrolysis of water, radiolysis of water through nuclear radiation, and biological and enzymatic conversion of biomass. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages related to efficiency, costs, environmental impacts, and scalability. Hydrogen is a very useful energy carrier due to its high energy content per unit mass and non-polluting nature when used.
This document discusses various methods for hydrogen storage, including compression, liquefaction, physisorption, metallic hydrides, and complex hydrides. Physisorption through cryoadsorption of hydrogen onto activated carbon at 77K provides a gravimetric density of 10.8% and volumetric density of 41 kg/m3, making it economically competitive. Metallic hydrides like LaNi5H6 provide high volumetric densities but lower gravimetric densities of less than 3%. Complex hydrides show the highest densities but challenges with hydrogen release dynamics.
heavily on fossil fuel
Need to shift toward renewable energy
Government take initiative to increase share of
renewable energy
R&D and technology advancement help to make
renewable energy economical
Public private partnership play a crucial role
With proper policy and planning, India can meet
energy demand from renewable energy sources
This document discusses India's energy sector. It notes that India relies heavily on fossil fuels but is seeking to increase its use of renewable energy. Some key points made include:
- India relies on fossil fuels for 80% of its energy needs but resources are limited and cause pollution.
- Renewable energy development is increasing, with solar and wind being major focuses. The National
Topics Covered:
Why we need Alternative Fuel?
Why Hydrogen is the best Alternative Fuel?
Production, Storage and Transportation of Hydrogen Fuel
Current Status of Hydrogen Fuel
Drawbacks of Using Hydrogen as a Fuel
This document discusses hydrogen as a potential future fuel. It provides background on hydrogen, including its position in the periodic table, common isotopes like protium and deuterium, and current production methods. The document argues that hydrogen could power vehicles and provide an emissions-free transportation fuel when produced through clean methods like electrolysis using solar power. However, it notes that widespread adoption of hydrogen as a fuel still faces challenges related to storage, transportation infrastructure and the need to shift production to renewable energy sources. The document concludes that while hydrogen shows promise as a sustainable transportation fuel, more research is still needed to optimize production and distribution systems before it can fully replace fossil fuels.
This document discusses applications of hydrogen as an energy source in India. It outlines how hydrogen can be produced from water using solar energy and is thus a clean, indigenous fuel for India. Early markets for hydrogen include fuel cells for trucks and balancing renewable energy. In India, hydrogen could help reduce pollution from two- and three-wheelers, which account for 35% of greenhouse gases from transportation. The document discusses pilot projects in India using hydrogen fuel cell buses and cars. Two hydrogen refueling stations have also been established in the country.
Seminar on Hydrogen powered TechnologiesSahil Garg
The document discusses hydrogen powered vehicle technologies. It explains that hydrogen cars have fuel cells that convert hydrogen into electricity to power electric motors, emitting only water. The status of hydrogen technology development in India is outlined, including prototypes developed. Challenges for hydrogen storage on vehicles are described. Various hydrogen-powered vehicles under development or in use are presented, including the Toyota Mirai and a hydrogen bus in India. The document considers whether hydrogen fuel cell technology can be considered green.
hytrec2-nscomission-energy-climate-change-group-frederikstad.pptxJain University
The HyTrEc2 project aims to stimulate hydrogen fuel cell transport solutions in the North Sea region by implementing innovative hydrogen transportation demonstrations and improving the production, storage, and distribution of green hydrogen. The project involves testing 33 hydrogen vehicles, training 80 people, and developing six new green transport solutions. It seeks to reduce the costs of hydrogen vehicles and public sector adoption of hydrogen transport. The project also aims to make the North Sea region a center of excellence for hydrogen transport through collaboration between partners.
The HyTrEc2 project aims to stimulate hydrogen fuel cell transport solutions in the North Sea region by implementing innovative hydrogen transportation demonstrations and improving the production, storage, and distribution of green hydrogen. The project involves testing 33 hydrogen vehicles, training 80 people, and developing six new green transport solutions. It seeks to reduce the costs of hydrogen vehicles and infrastructure while cutting CO2 emissions compared to diesel vehicles. Key activities include testing a range of fuel cell vehicles, sourcing hydrogen vehicles through joint procurement, and investigating ways to produce hydrogen using wind and solar power.
Dr. SSV Ramakumar presented on challenges for the hydrogen economy and IndianOil's initiatives in hydrogen and fuel cells. Key points included:
- India has a population of 1.27 billion and is the 3rd largest economy in PPP terms, with strong GDP growth of 7.3% in 2018.
- IndianOil is researching hydrogen production from various domestic resources like natural gas, biomass, and solar energy to reduce costs below $4/kg.
- Challenges for hydrogen include developing affordable production and storage technologies to enable its use in transportation and achieve India's climate change commitments.
- IndianOil is working on compact reforming, biomass gasification,
This document summarizes a student project to develop a hydrogen fueled hybrid vehicle. The objectives are to create an alternative fuel using hydrogen that results in zero carbon emissions and reduces fossil fuel usage. The project involves using electrolysis powered by the vehicle's alternator to generate hydrogen and oxygen gases from water, which are then injected into the engine. Testing showed reduced fuel consumption and emissions. Further development is needed but hydrogen fuel cell technology has applications in reducing industrial emissions and future vehicles.
This document discusses hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and their potential as an alternative to gasoline vehicles. It first defines what a fuel cell is and how it works to convert chemical energy to electrical energy. It then discusses using hydrogen as the fuel for vehicles through fuel cells. The document outlines some of the key challenges around hydrogen storage and infrastructure development for fuel cell vehicles. It provides examples of fuel cell vehicles being developed for automobiles, buses, bicycles, and aircraft. While criticizing issues around costs and limited infrastructure currently, the document concludes that hydrogen fuel cells could provide a wholesale substitute for foreign oil within a decade as a clean and efficient alternative energy.
The document discusses various aspects of hydrogen transportation and applications. It describes the most common means of transporting hydrogen as compressed gas cylinders, cryogenic liquid tankers, pipelines, blending with natural gas, and the solid form. It also discusses several applications of hydrogen including in fuel cells, turbines, ammonia production, industrial fields, fuel production, and the transportation sector. The transportation sector applications mentioned include aviation, maritime, trains, material handling vehicles, buses, and passenger cars. Electricity generation and domestic energy are also discussed as hydrogen applications.
This document provides an overview of a seminar presentation on the evolution of hydrogen energy in India. The presentation was submitted by Miss. Shruti Ganesh Marbate in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master of Science degree in Environmental Science at the Government Institute of Science in Nagpur, India under the guidance of Dr. Shilpa Bhajni. The presentation covers topics such as the current state of hydrogen energy production and applications in India, proposed methodologies for developing a national hydrogen energy program, results from research and demonstrations conducted, and applications and conclusions regarding accelerating the adoption of hydrogen technologies.
This document summarizes a technical seminar on hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. It defines hydrogen and describes its chemical properties and history of use as a fuel. It then explains how hydrogen fuel cells work to power vehicles, discusses various fuel cell types and hydrogen storage methods. The document outlines the infrastructure needed to support hydrogen vehicles and lists some current applications. It also provides advantages like clean emissions but notes challenges like high production costs and flammability risks.
Utilization of Hydrogen Fuels for IC Engines by Prof. L. M. Das IIT DelhiHarshit Jain
This document discusses alternative fuels for transportation, with a focus on hydrogen. It provides an overview of various prospective alternative fuels to gasoline and diesel. Hydrogen is identified as a particularly promising option due to its abundance and potential to be derived from diverse domestic and non-fossil resources. The document outlines efforts in India to develop hydrogen as a transportation fuel, including projects to demonstrate 1 million hydrogen vehicles by 2020 through public-private partnerships. It summarizes the technical work done at IIT Delhi to optimize hydrogen fueling of engines, including through tests of hydrogen's effects on emissions and performance in spark ignition and diesel engines.
A seminar presentation on hydrogen fuel cells and its application in vehicles. A topic that can be presented in BTech & MTech seminars. for more seminar presentations log on to www.mechieprojects.com
Hydrogen fuel & its sustainable developmentSridhar Sibi
1. Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless gas that is highly flammable and can be produced through various methods such as electrolysis of water, thermochemical processes using heat, and from fossil fuels.
2. Hydrogen has advantages over fossil fuels as a fuel as it produces no carbon dioxide emissions and has additional potential uses, but current production methods from natural gas produce emissions. Sustainable production could come from renewable resources and water.
3. Key challenges to developing a hydrogen economy include reducing the costs of production, storage, fuel cells, and building out hydrogen infrastructure for delivery and distribution. Countries are working to address these challenges through research and development.
Ting Ching Zung, Executive Vice President of Sarawak Energy, discusses Sarawak's progress towards a green hydrogen economy. Sarawak has a predominantly renewable hydropower grid, supplying around 3 million people. In 2019, Sarawak launched Southeast Asia's first integrated hydrogen production and refueling station, producing 130kg of 99.999% pure hydrogen per day to fuel 5 buses and 10 cars. Sarawak is exploring exporting hydrogen via bulk shipment as a renewable energy source, with delivered prices targeting $3/kg by 2030. Challenges include high current costs and the need for technology readiness and economies of scale to realize hydrogen's potential.
Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Injection of OxyHydrogen Gas on t...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRAC: Oxy-Hydrogen gas, H2O2, is a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen produced by water electrolysis. In this work, an experimental exploration was carried out in order to study the effect of the addition of oxy-hydrogen gas into inlet air manifold on speed performance characteristics of a diesel engine at different operating conditions. The experimental work was performed on a test rig comprising a four stroke 5.67 liters water-cooled diesel engine and a Heenan hydraulic dynamometer. Instrumentation included devices for measuring engine speed, load, fuel consumption and inlet air flow rate. The measurements were conducted at 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 rpm. At each speed, the engine load was adjusted to 20%, 40% and 80% from the engine full load which corresponds to engine brake mean effective pressures of 1.55, 3.11, and 6.22 bar, respectively, for Oxy-hydrogen generator supplied Currents of 26A and electrolyte concentration of 25 %. The fuel saving percentage and so the brake thermal efficiency for the H2O2 enriched CI engine is more evidently seen at low loads and high-speed conditions. the volumetric efficiency drop was about 5 % at small speeds and reaches to about 2% at higher engine speed.
The document discusses hydrogen fuel cells, including:
1) Hydrogen fuel cells convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy and can provide clean renewable energy for vehicles and stationary power applications.
2) The main methods for producing hydrogen include steam reforming of natural gas, coal gasification, and electrolysis of water. Hydrogen is then stored using compression, liquefaction, or solid-state storage before being delivered via pipelines or cryogenic tanks.
3) Hydrogen is used as fuel in various fuel cell types, with proton exchange membrane fuel cells being a major candidate for automotive use due to their high efficiency and low weight. However, hydrogen fuel cells still face challenges with costs and durability that need to be addressed
Green hydrogen has the potential to contribute significantly to India's decarbonization efforts. It can be produced through the electrolysis of water using renewable electricity (green hydrogen). Green hydrogen production in India is projected to reach 5 MMT per year by 2030, displacing 125 GW of renewable energy capacity. This would result in investment of Rs. 8 lakh crore and creation of over 6 lakh jobs while avoiding 50 MMT of CO2 emissions annually by 2030. The National Green Hydrogen Mission aims to support green hydrogen production and consumption through targets, incentives and initiatives to establish India as a global green hydrogen hub.
IndianOil is India's largest commercial enterprise and flagship national oil company. It controls 10 of India's 20 refineries with a total refining capacity of 60.2 million metric tonnes annually. IndianOil also owns and operates India's largest pipeline network for transporting crude oil and petroleum products, with a combined length of over 10,000 km. The company has a countrywide network of over 35,000 marketing touchpoints including petrol/diesel stations and LPG distributors. IndianOil is recognized for its pioneering work in refinery processes, lubricants formulation, and alternative fuels development.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
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Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
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ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
1. Non Renewable Energy Sources
A Presentation on
Hydrogen- A Fuel for the Future
Submitted to – Prof D. S Gandhe
Presented By
MBA-E&E 2017-19
Vivek Gundraniya (17020243009)
Aditya Rajopadhye (17020243010)
Arzaan Dordi (17020243014)
Gaurav Sahay (17020243015)
Neelima Shahi (17020243020)
Date:10th September, 2017
Presented By
MBA-E&E 2017-19
Vivek Gundraniya (17020243009)
Aditya Rajopadhye (17020243010)
Arzaan Dordi (17020243014)
Gaurav Sahay (17020243015)
Neelima Shahi (17020243020)
2. Table of Contents
• Introduction of Hydrogen as a fuel
• History of Hydrogen
• Development of Hydrogen in World
• Development of Hydrogen in India
• Government Policies
• Conclusion
• References
2
3. Hydrogen
• Hydrogen (H2) is available in abundance in the environment. It
is stored in water, hydrocarbons and other organic matter.
• Hydrogen is a versatile energy carrier with favourable
characteristics since it does not release any CO2 at the point of
use as a clean fuel or energy source, and can play an important
role in the transition to a clean, low-carbon, energy system.
Hydrogen technologies and products have significantly
progressed over past years and are now being introduced to the
market.
The calorific value of Hydrogen (H2) is 33889 kcal/ kg
4. Comparison of
Hydrogen with other
fuels
Parameter Hydrogen
Natural
Gas
Petrol LPG
Calorific Value (MJ/Kg) 120-142 49-54 41-44 46-50
Density at standard conditions
(Kg/cu.m)
0.08 0.6
720-
780
510
Phase at Standard conditions Gas Gas Liquid Liquid
Auto Ignition tempratures in
degrees
566-582 5.3-15 1.4-7.6 2.2-9.5
Diffusion Coefficient (sq.cm/sec.) 0.61 0.16 0.05 0.11
Comparison of Hydrogen with other fuels
5. Hydrogen Source
Source of Hydrogen % of H2 produced by the
specified method
Natural Gas 48%
Oil 30%
Coal 18%
Water 4%
Hydrogen is available from a variety of sources. The percentage
of hydrogen produced by specific source are given below:
Source: MNRE
7. Methods of producing Hydrogen
• Steam Methane Reforming
• Partial Oxidation
• Auto-Thermal Reforming
• Methanol Reforming
• Pyrolysis, Oxidation and Reduction of Biomass
• Electrolysis of water
• Fermentation of Organic Materials
• Thermochemical Splitting of Water
8. The estimated hydrogen production and consumption in the
country during 2007-08 as per a study undertaken by the
University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun
Sector Estimated
Production
during 2007-08
( Million Tonnes
/ Year)
Utilization during
2007-08
( Million Tonnes /
Year)
Fertilizer Industry 1.99 1.99 (Captive Use)
Petroleum
Refineries
1.69 1.462 (Captive use)
Chlor Alkali Industry 0.073 0.064
Total 3.753 3.516
Source: MNRE
Hydrogen Production in India
9. • Hydrogen can be stored physically as either a gas or a liquid.
• Storage of hydrogen as a gas typically requires high-pressure
tanks (350–700 bar tank pressure).
• Storage of hydrogen as a liquid requires cryogenic temperatures
because the boiling point of hydrogen at one atmosphere
pressure is −252.8°C.
• Hydrogen can also be stored on the surfaces of solids (by
adsorption) or within solids (by absorption).
Hydrogen Storage
10. Hydrogen Storage
• High-pressure gas cylinders (up to 800 bar)
• Liquid hydrogen in cryogenic tanks (at 210 K)
• Physi-sorbed hydrogen on materials with a large specific
surface area
• Chemi-sorbed on interstitial sites in host metals and Inter-
metallic
• Chemically bonded in covalent and ionic compounds
• Oxidation of reactive metals such as. Li, Na, Mg, Al, Zn with
water
11. • FCTO conducts research and development activities to
advance hydrogen storage systems technology and develop
novel hydrogen storage materials.
• By 2020, FCTO aims to develop and verify onboard automotive
hydrogen storage systems. Specific system targets include the
following:
• 1.5 kWh/kg system (4.5 wt.% hydrogen)
• 1.0 kWh/L system (0.030 kg hydrogen/L)
• $10/kWh ($333/kg stored hydrogen capacity).
12. • Collaborating to make Fuel Cells and Hydrogen an everyday
reality- Belgium
• Change in Japan’s energy policy and prospects of hydrogen
energy in Japan
• Advances and Progress in the US DOE Hydrogen and Fuel
Cells Program
• Renewable hydrogen: Decarbonising solution for the transport
and fuel sectors -Belgium
• Concentrated Solar Radiation – An option for large scale
renewable hydrogen production-Germany
• Fuel cell buses in Europe: Latest developments and
commercialisation pathway
Development of Hydrogen in World
13. • Converting the UK gas distribution network from natural gas to
100% hydrogen – H21 Leeds City Gate
• The cryo-compressed hydrogen storage designed and built for
automotive applications-Germany
• Multigas field analyser directly measures pollutants at HRS for
ISO 14687-2-France
• Dynamic simulation software for prediction of hydrogen
temperature and pressure during refueling process-Japan
• Hydrogen refuelling station network and route optimisation of
trucked-in hydrogen in Germany
• Efficient hydrogen production for industry and electricity storage
via high-temperature electrolysis-Germany
14.
15. United States
• Largest hydrogen fuelling market (>50 FCV Stations. >40%)
• Large share of forklift, bus and automotive fuelling market. (>60
dispenser, >25 Stations)
• Newest bus fuelling station supports up to 12 FC buses in Ohio
Locations
Europe
• Automotive stations primarily in the UK and Germany
• Bus fueling in London and Cologne
• Material handling demonstration with Daimler in Germany
• Submarine fueling in 5 countries via unique Dual Phase Trailer
16. • Air Products is involved in EU funded engineering study
NEWBUSFUEL in Hamburg and London. Dual Phase Trailer
(including CHC+ Vaporizer)
Asia
• Current focus is on Japan, Korea, China and India.
• Recently started up first FCV station in Japan for JX Nippon Oil
- AP collaborates with Nippon Steel and Suzuki Shokan in Japan
20. • The Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources has supported
demonstration projects through Indian Oil Corporation and Society
of Indian Automobile Manufacturers. The first demonstration project
was for setting up a hydrogen dispensing station by the Indian Oil
Corporation at their own petrol pump at Dwarka, New Delhi.
• The dispensing station has been commissioned during 2008-09
and has an electrolysers with 5 Nm3/hr hydrogen production
capacity (about 11 kg/day). Hydrogen produced from the eletrolyser
is being blended with CNG for use in demonstration and test
vehicles.
• The project is expected to help in acquiring working experience in
handling hydrogen for use in vehicles and also provide field
performance feed back on hydrogen-CNG blends as a fuel in
automobiles.
Initiatives by India
21. • The second demonstration project is being implemented by the
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM) in
association with five automobile manufacturers (Tata Motors,
Ashok Leyland, Eicher Motors, Mahindra and Mahindra and
Bajaj Auto) and Indian Oil Corporation would demonstrate use
of hydrogen (up to 30%) blend with CNG in automobiles.
• Three buses, two cars and two three wheelers are part of the
project and would be used for field trials based on 18%
hydrogen (by volume) blended with CNG. The project involves
modifications in engine and fuel injection system.
• Existing hydrogen-CNG dispensing station set up by India Oil
Corporation at Faridabad is being used for filling hydrogen-CNG
blends in the test vehicles. The project would help in
optimization of engine performance and blend ratio of hydrogen
with CNG. The criteria for optimization would be the best
efficiency and lowest NOx
Initiatives by India
22. Development of Hydrogen Energy in India
• Hydrogen energy is at present only at the Research,
Development and Demonstration (RD&D) stage.
• The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy is supporting a
broad based RD&D projects on different aspects of hydrogen
energy technologies including hydrogen production, its storage
and utilization for stationary, motive and portable power
generation applications using internal combustion engines and
fuel cell technologies.
• The focus of RD&D efforts in this area is directed towards
development of new materials, processes, components, sub-
systems and systems.
23. • As a result of RD&D efforts made in the area of hydrogen
energy, laboratory level prototypes of hydrogen fueled
motorcycles, three wheelers, engine-generator sets, and
water/methanol electrolysers for hydrogen production have been
developed.
• About 15 hydrogen fueled motorcycles are being demonstrated
in the campus of Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. Hydrogen
catalytic combustion cookers have been developed. Facilities for
dispensing hydrogen blended compressed natural gas fuel have
been set up in Faridabad and Delhi.
• The Ministry of Science and Technology, CSIR Laboratories,
Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Defense Research &
Development Organizations, Indian Space Research
Organization, Oil & Gas companies, Department of Atomic
Energy and private sector automobile companies are also
involved in the research, development and demonstration
programme related to hydrogen
24. Ongoing Projects
• A Novel process for production of hydrogen from renewable and
fossil fuel based liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons by non-
thermal plasma reformation technique (CIMFR, Dhanbad)
• Development and Demonstration of hydrogen fuelled three
wheelers (BHU, Varanasi)
• Development and Demonstration of Diesel Hydrogen Dual Fuel
SUV (Mahindra & Mahindra, Chengalpattu)
• Mission Mode Project on Hydrogen Production through
Biological Routes (IIT Kharagpur)
• Mission Mode Project on Hydrogen Storage Materials
(Hydrides) : R&D (BHU, Varanasi)
• Mission Mode Project on Hydrogen Storage in Carbon Materials
(IIT Madras, Chennai)
25. • Mission Mode Project on Development and Demonstration of
hydrogen fuelled internal combustion engines for vehicles (IIT
Delhi)
• Investigation on bio-hydrogen production by thermo-chemical
method in fluidized bed gasifier under catalytic support and its
utilisation (NIT, Calicut)
• Bio-inspired catalysts for the reversible conversion H+ + e- → ½
H2 (IACS, Kolkata)
• Development of hydrogen refuelling facility for demonstration of
fuel cell vehicles (R&D Centre, IOCL, Faridabad)
• Design & application of carbon based hetero atom modified
nano-porous materials for hydrogen storage (IIT Guwahati)
• Development of efficient hydrogen supply system through liquid
organic hydrides (National Environmental Engineering
Research Institute, Nagpur)
26. Government Policies
• In 2006, India constituted a National Hydrogen Energy Board and
readied a National Hydrogen Energy Road Map (NHERM) to
accelerate the development of the hydrogen energy sector.
• The NHERM covered all aspects of hydrogen energy use such as
its production, storage, transport, delivery, application, codes and
standards, public awareness and capacity building, and formed the
basis of India’s hydrogen energy programme.
• India has set up the target of one million vehicles based on
hydrogen energy and 1000 MW of power generating capacity based
on hydrogen energy by 2020.
• A budget allocation of Rs.2,765 crore in total till 2022 for adoption of
hydrogen as fuel.
28. Benefits of using Hydrogen as Fuel
• Hydrogen can be used as fuel in automobile
• When burnt, hydrogen produces water as a by-product. It is,
therefore, not only an efficient energy carrier but a clean and
environmentally benign fuel as well.
• Hydrogen can substitute petrol and diesel can and therefore,
reduce our dependence on imports.
• Hydrogen is used as a fuel in aeronautical industry (rockets)
29. Drawbacks of hydrogen as fuel
• Electrolysis and steam reforming, the two main processes of
hydrogen extraction are extremely expensive.
• Hydrogen needs to be stored under very high pressure
(350-700 psi).
• Compared to gas, hydrogen lacks smell, which makes any leak
detection almost impossible.
• Hydrogen also presents challenges when considering moving it
in large quantities, which is why it’s mostly only transported in
small batches.
30. Drawbacks of hydrogen as fuel
• Hydrogen is an energy carrier rather than an energy source.
While hydrogen always exists in conjunction with other
elements, such as in water, it must be separated from these
elements and is therefore considered an energy carrier, as
opposed to an energy source.
• Existing infrastructure has not been built to accommodate
hydrogen fuel
31. Applications of hydrogen
• Petroleum refining
• Glass purification
• Semiconductor manufacturing
• Aerospace applications
• Fertilizer production
• New markets are emerging for industrial trucks (e.g., forklifts) and
passenger cars powered by hydrogen fuel cells.
• Aerospace applications
• Fertilizer production
• Welding, annealing and heat-treating metals
• Pharmaceuticals
• For hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids in vegetable oil
32. • As discussed, Hydrogen is a fuel having a high heat value and
benefits of being a green fuel. Also with increased focus by
countries across the world in R&D of extracting hydrogen, it is
certain that Hydrogen would be the fuel of the future.
• Hydrogen storage is still the major issue of concern, and lot of
work is still expected on this sector
• Considering Indian economy, switching to hydrogen will surely
decrease the oil imports of nation and dependency on other
nations for energy resource supply.
Conclusion