This presentation discusses hydrogen fuel cells as a clean energy alternative. It provides an overview of the history and principle of fuel cells, focusing on hydrogen fuel cells. The key advantages are their high efficiency, low emissions that produce only water, and potential to power vehicles. Challenges include currently high costs, unknown long-term durability, and lack of hydrogen refueling infrastructure. The future potential of hydrogen fuel cells is discussed as the technology continues to develop.

1. GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING
COLLEGE, AZAMGARH
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL
(a clean fuel for future)
Presented By
SHUBHAM DUBEY
1373640051
Presentation On

2. CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. HISTORY OF FUEL CELL
3. PRINCIPLE OF FUEL CELL
4. TYPES OF FUEL CELL
5. HYDROGEN FUEL CELL SYSTEM
6. WHY WE CHOOSE HYDROGEN FUEL CELL SYSTEM
7. HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
8. EFFICIENCY OF HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
9. EMISSION BY HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
10. COMPARISON B/W HYDROGEN FUEL AND GASOLINE
11. ADVANTAGE
12. DISADVANTAGE
13. APPLICATION
14. FUTURE OF FUEL CELL
15. REFERENCE

3. INTRODUCTION
 FUEL CELL ARE DEVICES TO CONVERT CHEMICAL ENERGY OF
FUEL CELL INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY WITHOUT USE OF HEAT
ENGINE.
 IT IS POSSIBLE DUE TO REDOX REACTION.
 THE CONVENTIONAL PROCESS TO PRODUCE ELECTRICAL
ENERGY
CHEMICAL
ENRGY
HEAT
MECHANICAL
ENERGY
ELECTRICAL
ENERGY

4. HISTORY OF FUEL CELL
 1839 SIR WILLLIAM ROBERT GROOVE
(GAS VOLTAIC BATTERY (1ST FUEL )
 1955 FRANCIS THOMAS BACON
(5KW STATIONARY AFC)
 1960 GRUBB & NIEDRUCH
(PEM FUEL CELL)
 1967 GM ELECTROVAN
 1969 NASA
(FIRST AFC ON MOON)

5. PRINCIPLE OF FUEL CELL
 IT CONSISTS OF ELECTRODE, ELECTROLYTE & CATALYST TO FACILITATE
ELECTROCHEMICAL REDOX REACTION.
 BASIC ARRANGEMENT IN FUEL CELL CAN BE REPRESENTED AS FOLLOWS:-
FUEL ELECTRODE ELECTROLYTE ELECTRODE OXIDANT
 ANODE & CATHODE :- THE MATERIAL WHICH HAVE HIGH ELECTRON CONDUCTIVITY &
ZERO PROTON CONDUCTIVITY(POROUS CARBON ELECTRODE)
 CATALYST :- Pt / Cd
 ELECTROLYTE :- HIGH PROTON CONDUCTIVTY & ZERO ELECTRON CONDUCTIVITY
(KOH, NAOH)

6. TYPES OF FUEL CELL

7. HYDROGEN FUEL CELL SYSTEM
 AT ANODE, THE FUEL (HYDOGEN) UNDERGOES OXIDATION &
RELEASE ELECTRON.
 THESE ELECTRON FLOW THROUGH EXTERNAL CIRCUIT TO CATHODE.
 AT CATHODE, OXIDANT(OXYGEN) GET REDUCED.
 THE ELECTRON PRODUCE ELECTRICITY WHILE PASSING THROUGH
EXTERNAL CIRCUIT.

8. HYDROGEN FUEL CELL SYSTEM(CONT.)
 AT ANODE,
H2 4H++ 4e-
 AT CATHODE,
O2 + 4H+ + 4e- 2H2O
 OVERALL REACTION,
2H2 + O2 2H2O

10. WHY WE CHOOSE HYDROGEN AS A FUEL?
 Disperses quickly
 Is non-toxic
 Produces water upon combustion
 Can be stored safely
 Does not plume
 Does not leach
 Is stable in ambient temperatures
 The Hydrogen Economy infrastructure is less expensive
 The elimination of greenhouse gases
 The elimination of economic dependence

11. HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

12. EFFICIENCY OF HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
 THEORETICAL EFFICIENCY, useful workdone
𝜂 =
∆𝐺
∆𝐻
∗ 100 heat of combustion
∆𝐻 FOR HYDROGEN FUEL CELL= -285.5 kj/mol
∆𝐺 FOR HYDROGEN FUEL CELL = -237.39kj/mol
𝜂 =
−237.39
−285.5
*100 = 83%
BUT ACTUAL EFFICIENCY = 60% - 70%

13. EMISSION BY HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Category 1
CO2 EMISSION
Series 1 Series 2
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Category 1
CO EMISSION
Series 1 Series 2
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Category 1
NOX EMISSION
Series 1 Series 2

14. COMPARISON B/W HYDROGEN FUEL AND
GASOLINE
HYDROGEN FUEL
 SOURCE IS WATER
 SUPPLY IS INFINITE.
 RENEWABLE
 CARBON FOOTPRINT
 COST PER GALLON IS $1.00.
 MILES PER GALLON OF HYDROGEN
IS 81.
 NO ADDITIONAL ENVIRONMENT
IMPACT COST.
GASOLINE
 SOURCE IS CRUDE OIL.
 SUPPLY IS FINITE.
 NON RENEWABLE.
 NO CARBON FOOTPRINT
 COST PER GALLON IS $2.23
 MILES PER GALLON OF FUEL IS 18-31.
 ADDITIONAL ENVIRONMENT IMPACT
COST

15. ADVANTAGE OF FUEL CELL
 HIGH EFFICIENCY(70%) AND CLEANER FUEL.
 LOW NOISE & LOW THERMAL POLLUTION.
 BYPRODUCTS ARE WATER & WASTE HEAT SO NO AIR POLLUTION
OCCUR.(NO POLLUTANT)
 IT PRODUCE DRINKING WATER OF POTABLE QUALITY.
 LOW MAINTENANCE COST AND ECO-FRIENDLY
 IT DOES NOT DEPEND ON SIZE RELATIVE TO POWER.
 FAST START UP TIME FOR LOW TEMPERATURE.
 BOTH LOW POWER DENSITY AND HIGH POWER DENSITY CAN BE
POWERED.

16. DISADVANTAGE OF FUEL CELL
 HIGH INITIAL COST.
 LIFETIME ARE NOT ACCURATELY KNOWN.
 HIGH COST OF PURE HYDROGEN.
 IF SINGLE CELL IS DAMAGED, WHOLE STACK SHOULD BE CHECKED.

17. APPLICATION OF FUEL CELL
 THE FIRST COMMERCIAL USE OF FUEL CELL WAS IN NASA SPACE
PROGRAM TO GENERATE POWER IN APOLLO IN 1969.
 IT IS USED IN VEHICLE INCLUDING AUTOMOBILE, BYCYCLE,
AEROPLANE, BOAT, SUB-MARINE.
 ALL POPULAR COMPANIES LIKE BMW, MERCEDES, TATA, GM, HONDA,
HYUNDAI, FORD, TOYOTA LAUNCHES THEIR FUEL CELL VEHICLE.
 USE IN HOUSE FOR POWER BACKUP IN GERMANY, JAPAN AND UK BY
“CLEAR EDGE POWER” COMPANY.

20. FUTURE OF FUEL CELL
 FUEL CELL COMMERCIALISATION “STARTED IN 2007”.
 IT REPLACES CARBURETOR AND FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM.
 PORTABLE FUEL CELL MARKET TO $2.3 BILLION BY 2016.
(SOURCE :- RESEARCH AT WWW.GREENCARCONGRESS.COM)
 THERE ARE 85 HDROGEN REFUELING STATION IN US IN 2010 WHILE
CALIFORNIA HAD 23 IN 2013.
 HONDA ANNOUNCED PLAN TO OPEN FIRST FUEL STATION THAT
GENERATE HYDROGEN FROM SOLAR POWERED RENEWABLE
ELECTROLYSIS.
 THE U.S. GOVERNMENT HAS BEEN INVOLVED IN FUEL CELL AND
HYDROGEN RESEARCH FOR DECADES NOW.

21. REFERENCE
 WWW.FuelCellWorks.com
 WWW.Fuelcelltoday.com
 Cnn.com, Wikipedia
 www.evworld.com
 Wired Magazine – How Hydrogen Can Save America