The article discusses international issues. It mentions that globalization has increased economic interdependence between nations while also raising complex policy challenges. Cultural values and priorities sometimes differ between countries, requiring diplomacy and compromise to solve problems in a cooperative manner.
Automobile air-conditioning is a necessity of present life. vapour compression refrigeration cycle used in modern automobile and refrigerant 134a are available in automobile. The compressor of automobile air-conditioning is run by engine crankshaft, which reduces the mileage of the
automobile. Waste heat recovery of internal combustion engine are two type, one is direct type or thermal energy or waste heat direct converted into electrical energy by see back effect and other is indirect type waste heat is used for rankine cycle ,sterling cycle or refrigeration cycle.
Generation of Air Conditioning by using Exhaust Gases and Cooling Water of an...ijtsrd
Air conditioning system of car or buses works on principle of vapor absorption cycle of refrigeration VAR . This system reduces the fuel economy of fuel of vehicle. When vehicle moving with air conditioning, it consumes more amount of fuel than vehicle rubs without AC, typically, it consumes 15 to 20 more amount of fuel. Exhaust gases coming from engine of vehicle have temperature ranges to 300 to 400 degree centigrade at full load it carries 25 to 30 of heat supplied by fuel. For A.C. of an automobile, the heat of exhaust gases is utilized to run vapor absorption refrigeration cycle instead of vapour compression refrigeration system. Resulting, it improves fuel economy of A. C. heavy vehicle. In this project try to integrate the vapor absorption refrigeration system with car or bus or heavy vehicle engine exhaust. Comparative study has been carried out when car running with VCR and vapor absorption system of refrigeration. Dr. M. Sampath Kumar | Karthik Payam | Rajesh Medi | Srikanth Chennam | Aditya Mothukuri ""Generation of Air Conditioning by using Exhaust Gases and Cooling Water of an Automobile Engine"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23318.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23318/generation-of-air-conditioning-by-using-exhaust-gases-and-cooling-water-of-an-automobile-engine/dr-m-sampath-kumar
Heat Recovery System in Domestic RefrigeratorIjrdt Journal
Refrigeration is a process in which work is done to move heat from one location to another. Refrigeration technology has rapidly evolved in last century from ice harvesting to temperature controlled rail cars. Most widely used current application of refrigeration is for air-conditioning of homes and public buildings. During refrigeration, heat from the refrigerant is dissipated for the successful completion of a refrigeration cycle. In normal household refrigerators, the heat from the refrigerant is removed using a condenser where the refrigerant cools and the air surrounding the condenser heats up. The strategy of how to recover the dissipated heat to develop a waste heat recovery system is relevant. The energy lost in waste heat cannot be fully recovered. However, much of the heat can be recovered and the loss can be minimized by adopting different measures. Hot air can be used for space heating, industrial drying, preheating aspirated air for oil burners, or any other application requiring warm air. The purpose of this project is to demonstrate the technical feasibility of a heat recovery system to recover waste heat from the condenser in the refrigerator and to reuse it for heating application.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Automobile air-conditioning is a necessity of present life. vapour compression refrigeration cycle used in modern automobile and refrigerant 134a are available in automobile. The compressor of automobile air-conditioning is run by engine crankshaft, which reduces the mileage of the
automobile. Waste heat recovery of internal combustion engine are two type, one is direct type or thermal energy or waste heat direct converted into electrical energy by see back effect and other is indirect type waste heat is used for rankine cycle ,sterling cycle or refrigeration cycle.
Generation of Air Conditioning by using Exhaust Gases and Cooling Water of an...ijtsrd
Air conditioning system of car or buses works on principle of vapor absorption cycle of refrigeration VAR . This system reduces the fuel economy of fuel of vehicle. When vehicle moving with air conditioning, it consumes more amount of fuel than vehicle rubs without AC, typically, it consumes 15 to 20 more amount of fuel. Exhaust gases coming from engine of vehicle have temperature ranges to 300 to 400 degree centigrade at full load it carries 25 to 30 of heat supplied by fuel. For A.C. of an automobile, the heat of exhaust gases is utilized to run vapor absorption refrigeration cycle instead of vapour compression refrigeration system. Resulting, it improves fuel economy of A. C. heavy vehicle. In this project try to integrate the vapor absorption refrigeration system with car or bus or heavy vehicle engine exhaust. Comparative study has been carried out when car running with VCR and vapor absorption system of refrigeration. Dr. M. Sampath Kumar | Karthik Payam | Rajesh Medi | Srikanth Chennam | Aditya Mothukuri ""Generation of Air Conditioning by using Exhaust Gases and Cooling Water of an Automobile Engine"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23318.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23318/generation-of-air-conditioning-by-using-exhaust-gases-and-cooling-water-of-an-automobile-engine/dr-m-sampath-kumar
Heat Recovery System in Domestic RefrigeratorIjrdt Journal
Refrigeration is a process in which work is done to move heat from one location to another. Refrigeration technology has rapidly evolved in last century from ice harvesting to temperature controlled rail cars. Most widely used current application of refrigeration is for air-conditioning of homes and public buildings. During refrigeration, heat from the refrigerant is dissipated for the successful completion of a refrigeration cycle. In normal household refrigerators, the heat from the refrigerant is removed using a condenser where the refrigerant cools and the air surrounding the condenser heats up. The strategy of how to recover the dissipated heat to develop a waste heat recovery system is relevant. The energy lost in waste heat cannot be fully recovered. However, much of the heat can be recovered and the loss can be minimized by adopting different measures. Hot air can be used for space heating, industrial drying, preheating aspirated air for oil burners, or any other application requiring warm air. The purpose of this project is to demonstrate the technical feasibility of a heat recovery system to recover waste heat from the condenser in the refrigerator and to reuse it for heating application.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
REFRIGERATION- HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM BY USING WATER HEATER CHAMBER IN BETWEEN...Dhananjay Parmar
The heat from the condenser side is dissipated to the room air. If this heat is not utilized it simply becomes the waste heat.
The rejected heat could be used to operate any other low grade heat required refrigeration system.
STEAM JET COOLING SYSTEM
Steam jet cooling system is a cooling technique which involves usage of steam and water for cooling purposes. In steam jet refrigeration systems, water can be used as the refrigerant. Like air, it is perfectly safe. These systems were applied successfully to refrigeration.
•Temperatures attained using water as a refrigerant are in the range which may satisfy air conditioning, cooling, or chilling requirements.
•Mostly low-grade energy and relatively small amounts of shaft work.
•This system are the utilization of mostly low-grade energy and relatively small amounts of shaft work.
•Not used when temperatures below 5°C are required.
The air conditioning system of automobiles in today’s world uses “Vapour Compression
Refrigerant System” (VCRS) which absorbs and removes heat from the interior of the vehicle. The
system utilizes power from engine shaft as the input power to drive the compressor of the refrigerant
system. The loss of power of the engine to run the VCR system can be neglected by utilizing another
refrigeration system i.e. a “Vapour Absorption Refrigerant System”. In a Vapour Absorption
Refrigerant System, a physicochemical process replaces the mechanical process of the Vapour
Compression Refrigerant System by using energy in the form of heat rather than mechanical work.
The experimental work to utilize the waste heat from exhaust gases from an engine for the vapour
absorption refrigerant system with R-134a as refrigerant and DMF as absorbent. The experimental
results indicated that vehicle performance enhances, noise reduces, maintenance becomes easier, and
highly reliable. The data obtained from experimentation is presented analyzed in this paper.
A Review on Performance Comparison of VCRs &VARsdbpublications
Vapour Absorption Refrigeration Systems (VARS) and vapour compression refrigeration system (VCRS) both are widely used for refrigeration purpose. The major differences in both the system are in vapour compression refrigeration systems the input supply is compressor work which is high grade of energy whereas in vapour absorption systems main input is heat supply in the generator which is low grade energy. Energy is an essential requirement for the economic development of any country, so our main aim is to save energy, unless VCRS have high performance future scope is VARS are primarily used in large commercial and industrial installations .In this paper discusses the various methods for increasing the performance of both systems so this paper focuses on the suitability of both systems.
vapor absorption system,three fluid vapor absorption system,water and ammonia vapor absorption system water and lithium bromide vapor absorption system
Ammonia refrigeration plant installed in NDRI,KARNAL.
designed by Arghya & Kartik.
this explains the specifications of refrigeration units like Compressor, Condenser, Expansion Valves and Evaporators.their specification and working.
Even advantages of ammonia has been explained.
While producing my first product catalog for Meziere Enterprises in 2002, I could not find much info on cooling systems for combustion engines. The research was interesting and taught me a few things. John Parman
Six stroke engine using gasoline and r 123eSAT Journals
Abstract In any Internal Combustion Engine, only 35% of the available energy is converted into the crankshaft energy. The remaining portion of the energy is either expelled into the atmosphere or it increases the temperature of the engine block. This is desirable as the conversion of heat energy into mechanical energy is more efficient at higher temperatures. However, beyond a certain limit it sets up thermal stresses and in extreme cases it causes engine seizing. Thus a cooling system is employed to remove this heat and transfer it into the atmosphere with the help of a radiator or a heat exchanger. In a six stroke engine, this heat transferred by the coolant is reduced. As there have been several advancements in the recovery of energy from exhaust gases such as turbochargers, Thermoelectric Generators and other such techniques, energy recovery by adding two strokes with a working fluid as a refrigerant is unique. The study shows that around 30% of the heat is carried away by the coolant and hence this is amount of energy that can theoretically be harvested. Since this offers a superior cooling system, the chances of detonation is also considerably lowered. By reducing the amount of heat expelled into the atmosphere, the overall efficiency is improved. In today’s age of rapidly depleting natural resources (fossil fuels), it is of utmost importance to converse these non-renewable sources of energy. Since the IC Engine has reached a state of saturation, waste heat recovery is the best way to improve the efficiency and hence reduce the fuel consumption. Keywords: Six Stroke Engine, Waste heat Recovery, Cooling System, and Efficiency
REFRIGERATION- HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM BY USING WATER HEATER CHAMBER IN BETWEEN...Dhananjay Parmar
The heat from the condenser side is dissipated to the room air. If this heat is not utilized it simply becomes the waste heat.
The rejected heat could be used to operate any other low grade heat required refrigeration system.
STEAM JET COOLING SYSTEM
Steam jet cooling system is a cooling technique which involves usage of steam and water for cooling purposes. In steam jet refrigeration systems, water can be used as the refrigerant. Like air, it is perfectly safe. These systems were applied successfully to refrigeration.
•Temperatures attained using water as a refrigerant are in the range which may satisfy air conditioning, cooling, or chilling requirements.
•Mostly low-grade energy and relatively small amounts of shaft work.
•This system are the utilization of mostly low-grade energy and relatively small amounts of shaft work.
•Not used when temperatures below 5°C are required.
The air conditioning system of automobiles in today’s world uses “Vapour Compression
Refrigerant System” (VCRS) which absorbs and removes heat from the interior of the vehicle. The
system utilizes power from engine shaft as the input power to drive the compressor of the refrigerant
system. The loss of power of the engine to run the VCR system can be neglected by utilizing another
refrigeration system i.e. a “Vapour Absorption Refrigerant System”. In a Vapour Absorption
Refrigerant System, a physicochemical process replaces the mechanical process of the Vapour
Compression Refrigerant System by using energy in the form of heat rather than mechanical work.
The experimental work to utilize the waste heat from exhaust gases from an engine for the vapour
absorption refrigerant system with R-134a as refrigerant and DMF as absorbent. The experimental
results indicated that vehicle performance enhances, noise reduces, maintenance becomes easier, and
highly reliable. The data obtained from experimentation is presented analyzed in this paper.
A Review on Performance Comparison of VCRs &VARsdbpublications
Vapour Absorption Refrigeration Systems (VARS) and vapour compression refrigeration system (VCRS) both are widely used for refrigeration purpose. The major differences in both the system are in vapour compression refrigeration systems the input supply is compressor work which is high grade of energy whereas in vapour absorption systems main input is heat supply in the generator which is low grade energy. Energy is an essential requirement for the economic development of any country, so our main aim is to save energy, unless VCRS have high performance future scope is VARS are primarily used in large commercial and industrial installations .In this paper discusses the various methods for increasing the performance of both systems so this paper focuses on the suitability of both systems.
vapor absorption system,three fluid vapor absorption system,water and ammonia vapor absorption system water and lithium bromide vapor absorption system
Ammonia refrigeration plant installed in NDRI,KARNAL.
designed by Arghya & Kartik.
this explains the specifications of refrigeration units like Compressor, Condenser, Expansion Valves and Evaporators.their specification and working.
Even advantages of ammonia has been explained.
While producing my first product catalog for Meziere Enterprises in 2002, I could not find much info on cooling systems for combustion engines. The research was interesting and taught me a few things. John Parman
Six stroke engine using gasoline and r 123eSAT Journals
Abstract In any Internal Combustion Engine, only 35% of the available energy is converted into the crankshaft energy. The remaining portion of the energy is either expelled into the atmosphere or it increases the temperature of the engine block. This is desirable as the conversion of heat energy into mechanical energy is more efficient at higher temperatures. However, beyond a certain limit it sets up thermal stresses and in extreme cases it causes engine seizing. Thus a cooling system is employed to remove this heat and transfer it into the atmosphere with the help of a radiator or a heat exchanger. In a six stroke engine, this heat transferred by the coolant is reduced. As there have been several advancements in the recovery of energy from exhaust gases such as turbochargers, Thermoelectric Generators and other such techniques, energy recovery by adding two strokes with a working fluid as a refrigerant is unique. The study shows that around 30% of the heat is carried away by the coolant and hence this is amount of energy that can theoretically be harvested. Since this offers a superior cooling system, the chances of detonation is also considerably lowered. By reducing the amount of heat expelled into the atmosphere, the overall efficiency is improved. In today’s age of rapidly depleting natural resources (fossil fuels), it is of utmost importance to converse these non-renewable sources of energy. Since the IC Engine has reached a state of saturation, waste heat recovery is the best way to improve the efficiency and hence reduce the fuel consumption. Keywords: Six Stroke Engine, Waste heat Recovery, Cooling System, and Efficiency
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Review Paper on Design of Generator in Vapour Absorption Refrigeration Systemijtsrd
In vapour absorbtion refrigeration system an absorber, a pump, a generator and a pressure reducing valve replace the compressor. We can also operate the generator with low thermal energy by exhaust heat of IC engine. The fossil fuel remain main source of energy but contribute a tremendous amount of pollutants in the environment leading to global warming ,so for the purpose of refrigerator and air conditioning a vapour absorption refrigeration system could be used. this system utilizes the wasteful heat from heavy vehicle exhaust and work on VARS which provides the cooling and reducing various costs like fuel and maintenance. The research has been done in order to recover maximum waste heat and then analyzing the system performance. Through this system the researchers has tried to find out the maximum COP. It has been found by research that generator temperature has the most effect on the release of the system. Alok Kumar Gupta | Laraib Ahamad | Prabhat Kumar Yadav | Paurush Pandit "A Review Paper on Design of Generator in Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31321.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/31321/a-review-paper-on-design-of-generator-in-vapour-absorption-refrigeration-system/alok-kumar-gupta
This presentation introduces the principle of an air source heat pump, the key parts of the heat pump system and shows some examples of how heat pumps saves your money and protects the environment.
Similar to IRJET- Exhaust Gas Heat Utilization for Air Conditioning (20)
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.