This document discusses different types of air conditioning systems. It describes window air conditioning systems, split systems, central air conditioning, and packaged systems. It also outlines the main components of refrigeration systems, including compressors, condenser coils, metering devices like thermal expansion valves, and evaporators. Finally, it covers the components and types of cooling towers, such as natural draft towers, mechanical draft towers, forced draft, and induced draft counter-flow designs.

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2. INTRODUCTION
 Air conditioning is the process of altering the properties of air to more
favorable conditions.
 The control of these conditions may be desirable to maintain the health and
comfort of the occupants.
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3. TYPE OF AIR-CONDITIONING
1) Window air-conditioning system
2) Split air-conditioning system
3) Central air-conditioning system
4) Package air-conditioning system
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4. Split Air-Conditioning System
 The split air conditioner comprises of two parts: the outdoor unit and the
indoor unit.
 The outdoor unit, fitted outside the room, houses components like the
compressor, condenser and expansion valve.
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5. Windows Air-conditioning System
 Window air conditioners are one of the most commonly used and cheapest
type of air conditioners.
 Window air-conditioner units are reliable and simple-to-install solution to
keep a room cool while avoiding the costly construction of a central air
system.
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6. Central Air-Conditioning System
 The central air conditioning plants or the systems are used when large buildings,
hotels, theaters, airports, shopping malls etc. are to be air conditioned
completely.
 The window and split air conditioners are used for single rooms or small office
spaces.
Further, these small units cannot satisfactorily cool the large halls, auditoriums,
receptions areas etc.
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7. Packaged Air-Conditioning System
 The window and split air conditioners are usually used for the small air
conditioning capacities up to 5 tons.
 The packaged air conditioners are used for the cooling capacities in between
these two extremes.
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8. Circuit Diagram
winter Air conditioning system
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9. The main components
the main components of refrigeration system:
 The Compressor
 The Condensing Coil
 The Metering Device
 The Evaporator
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10. Thermal expansion Valves
A very common type of metering
device is called a TX Valve
(Thermostatic Expansion Valve). This
valve has the capability of controlling
the refrigerant flow. If the load on the
evaporator changes, the valve can
respond to the change and increase or
decrease the flow accordingly.
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The Evaporator
The evaporator is where the
heat is removed from your
house , business or
refrigeration box.
The cooler refrigerant in the
evaporator tubes, absorb the
warm room air. The change of
temperature causes the
refrigerant to “flash” or “boil”,
and changes from a low
pressure liquid to a low
pressure cold vapor.
The low pressure vapor is pulled
into the compressor and the
cycle starts over.

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Main Features of Cooling Towers

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• Frame and casing: support exterior enclosures
• Fill: facilitate heat transfer by maximizing water / air contact
• Splash fill
• Film fill
• Cold water basin: receives water at bottom of tower
Components of a cooling tower

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• Drift eliminators: capture droplets in air stream
• Air inlet: entry point of air
• Louvers: equalize air flow into the fill and retain water within tower
• Nozzles: spray water to wet the fill
• Fans: deliver air flow in the tower
Components of a cooling tower

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• Hot air moves through tower
• Fresh cool air is drawn into the tower from bottom
• No fan required
• Concrete tower <200 m
• Used for large heat duties
Types of Cooling Towers
Natural Draft Cooling Towers

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Natural Draft Cooling Towers
Cross flow Counter flow

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• Large fans to force air through circulated water
• Water falls over fill surfaces: maximum heat transfer
• Cooling rates depend on many parameters
• Large range of capacities
• Can be grouped, e.g. 8-cell tower
Mechanical Draft Cooling Towers

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Three types
• Forced draft
• Induced draft cross flow
• Induced draft counter flow
Mechanical Draft Cooling Towers

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• Air blown through tower by
centrifugal fan at air inlet
• Advantages: suited for high air
resistance & fans are relatively
quiet
• Disadvantages: recirculation due
to high air-entry and low air-exit
velocities
Forced Draft Cooling Towers

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• Two types
• Cross flow
• Counter flow
• Advantage: less recirculation than forced draft towers
• Disadvantage: fans and motor drive mechanism require
weather-proofinh
Induced Draft Cooling Towers

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• Hot water enters at the top
• Air enters at bottom and exits at top
• Uses forced and induced draft fans
Induced Draft Counter Flow CT