Introduction of routing
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Introduction to router
A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. It is connected to at least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs, or a LAN and its ISP's network. Routers perform traffic directing functions and use routing protocols to determine the best path for data packet delivery on the Internet. There are different types of routers including wired, wireless, edge, core, and virtual routers that serve various functions in private networks and across the public internet.
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All About Snort
Snort is an open source network intrusion detection system (NIDS) that can perform network monitoring and packet logging. It analyzes network traffic in real-time and compares it to a rulebase to detect anomalous activity such as malware, attacks, and intrusions. Snort works by decoding packet headers and payloads and applying rules to detect patterns across the network, transport, and application layers. It can operate in three modes: sniffer, packet logger, and intrusion detection system. Rules are used to specify conditions that indicate malicious traffic and generate alerts.
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Introduction to router
A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. It is connected to at least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs, or a LAN and its ISP's network. Routers perform traffic directing functions and use routing protocols to determine the best path for data packet delivery on the Internet. There are different types of routers including wired, wireless, edge, core, and virtual routers that serve various functions in private networks and across the public internet.
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This document discusses equipment used in computer networks. It lists various types of cables, connectors, networking cards, and wireless devices that are used to connect computers together in a network. These include cables like Ethernet and fiber optic, as well as devices like hubs, switches, routers, access points, and repeaters. The purpose of connecting computers in a network is to enable sharing of resources between the connected systems.
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- Snort is an open source network intrusion detection system (IDS) that was created in 1998 and has continued to evolve, with a focus on detection capacity, speed and output plugin functionality.
- Snort examines packet flows and compares them to configured rule sets, utilizing variables, preprocessors and output plugins. Common preprocessors perform functions like stream reassembly and portscan detection.
- Output is configured through plugins to perform actions like logging to files or databases. Signatures use a standardized language to define common network attacks and anomalies.
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All About Snort
Snort is an open source network intrusion detection system (NIDS) that can perform network monitoring and packet logging. It analyzes network traffic in real-time and compares it to a rulebase to detect anomalous activity such as malware, attacks, and intrusions. Snort works by decoding packet headers and payloads and applying rules to detect patterns across the network, transport, and application layers. It can operate in three modes: sniffer, packet logger, and intrusion detection system. Rules are used to specify conditions that indicate malicious traffic and generate alerts.
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router is a computer networking device that forwards
A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. There are two main types of router interfaces: LAN interfaces connect the router to a local network, while WAN interfaces connect routers to external networks. Common types of routers include broadband routers for home networks, wireless routers that extend connectivity via WiFi, core routers that operate at high speeds in internet backbones, and edge routers that provide access to core networks. Routing protocols allow routers to share information and select the best paths between nodes on a network.
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Snort
Snort is an open source network intrusion detection and prevention system that monitors network traffic and compares it against a ruleset to detect anomalous activity. It works on the network, transport, and application layers to analyze packet headers, payloads, and apply detection rules using a string matching algorithm. Snort includes components like a packet decoder, preprocessors, detection engine, and output modules. The detection engine applies rules to packets in priority order to detect known intrusions based on signatures as well as potential new attacks. Improving Snort involves optimizing its rule processing, offloading work to hardware, and developing better detection algorithms.
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A computer network allows connected devices to exchange and share data through connections. There are different types of computer networks including WAN, MAN, and LAN. Components of a computer network include network cards, cables like coaxial, fiber optic and twisted pair, and connectivity devices like hubs, switches and routers. Network topology refers to the layout and arrangements of devices in a network, with common topologies being bus, star and ring. Protocols define rules for transferring messages between systems, with examples being TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, and AppleTalk. Computer networks are essential for data sharing and everyday life.
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- The Internet Protocol (IP) is the key networking protocol that enables internetworking and provides host-to-host delivery of data packets across interconnected networks of varying technologies.
- IP uses a best-effort delivery model, meaning it does not guarantee delivery of data packets and does not remedy lost, corrupted, misdelivered, or undelivered packets.
- IP packet headers contain fields for source and destination addresses, protocol type, fragmentation information, and more. IP packets can be fragmented into smaller pieces to accommodate networks with smaller maximum transmission unit sizes.
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This document provides an overview and implementation guide for Snort, an open source intrusion detection and prevention system (IDPS). It discusses what Snort is, how it works, and how to install and configure it on an Ubuntu server. The key points covered include:
- Snort can operate as a network intrusion detection system (NIDS), packet logger, or intrusion prevention system (IPS) through inline mode.
- Configuring an Ubuntu server, installing prerequisites like libpcap and PCRE libraries, and downloading/compiling the latest version of Snort from source.
- Creating directories, configuration files, rules files and setting permissions for Snort to run properly.
- Additional tools
Intrusion Detection System using Snort
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Virtual private networks (VPNs) allow employees to securely access a company's intranet from remote locations over the public Internet. VPNs use encryption and tunneling protocols to create a private network across a public network like the Internet. This allows employees to access the company network from anywhere while also saving costs compared to traditional private networks by reducing equipment and maintenance expenses. VPNs authenticate users, control access, ensure confidentiality of data during transmission, and verify data integrity using encryption, digital signatures, and tunneling protocols like IPsec, L2TP, and PPTP. While VPNs provide advantages such as lower costs and remote access, they also have disadvantages like dependence on public networks outside the company's control and potential issues with
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Routing is the process of selecting the best paths in a network. It is performed for many kinds of networks like telephone, electronic data, and transportation networks. Routers are networking devices that forward data packets between different computer networks. Routing involves using IP addresses to identify hosts, protocols like RIP, EIGRP, OSPF and BGP to exchange routing information between routers, and algorithms to determine the optimal path to send packets through a network. Routing tables stored in routers and switches determine the path for packets to travel based on metrics like bandwidth and reliability.
Router Network Stimulation Technologies (advanced)
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Network interview questions
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Binala Adrian Teo Jacob
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This document proposes using solicited node multicast group (SNMG) membership to mitigate router neighbor cache exhaustion denial-of-service attacks. It describes how routers can collect on-link SNMGs using MLD to determine if an address has nodes associated before performing neighbor discovery. If the SNMG for an unresolved address is absent, the neighbor discovery trigger packet would be dropped. This adds another layer of protection on top of existing RFC6583 mitigations. The document surveys which operating systems support SNMG membership and outlines some limitations and next steps to implement this approach.
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This document discusses various Internet of Things (IoT) protocols. It defines IoT as interconnected devices that can transmit and receive data over a network. It then covers common network topologies and constraints of IoT devices. Several wireless protocols are described in detail, including their typical range, power usage, data rates, and costs. Popular protocols for messaging (MQTT) and REST-like interfaces (CoAP) are also summarized. The document aims to provide an overview of the IoT protocol landscape to help people get started with IoT development.
router is a computer networking device that forwards
A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. There are two main types of router interfaces: LAN interfaces connect the router to a local network, while WAN interfaces connect routers to external networks. Common types of routers include broadband routers for home networks, wireless routers that extend connectivity via WiFi, core routers that operate at high speeds in internet backbones, and edge routers that provide access to core networks. Routing protocols allow routers to share information and select the best paths between nodes on a network.
Group 5 IoT Architecture Layer
Group 5:
Reymart John Aguho
Lawrence Valdez
Trishia Mae Salazar
Gayle Allyson Guitones
Dempster Winston Corpuz
Matthew Erickson Quinto
Marc Vincent Maneja
Snort
Snort is an open source network intrusion detection and prevention system that monitors network traffic and compares it against a ruleset to detect anomalous activity. It works on the network, transport, and application layers to analyze packet headers, payloads, and apply detection rules using a string matching algorithm. Snort includes components like a packet decoder, preprocessors, detection engine, and output modules. The detection engine applies rules to packets in priority order to detect known intrusions based on signatures as well as potential new attacks. Improving Snort involves optimizing its rule processing, offloading work to hardware, and developing better detection algorithms.
Computer network
A computer network allows connected devices to exchange and share data through connections. There are different types of computer networks including WAN, MAN, and LAN. Components of a computer network include network cards, cables like coaxial, fiber optic and twisted pair, and connectivity devices like hubs, switches and routers. Network topology refers to the layout and arrangements of devices in a network, with common topologies being bus, star and ring. Protocols define rules for transferring messages between systems, with examples being TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, and AppleTalk. Computer networks are essential for data sharing and everyday life.
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Wireless routers allow data from the internet to travel through the router's antenna and broadcast through the air to wireless devices using a wireless adapter. Setting up a wireless router involves running setup software, connecting the router to a computer with an Ethernet cable during setup, creating a wireless network name and password, and potentially manually configuring the router if needed. It is important to enable strong encryption like WPA2 on the wireless network for security. Connections can be tested by using the ping command to check communication with the router.
Internetworking - IP
- The Internet Protocol (IP) is the key networking protocol that enables internetworking and provides host-to-host delivery of data packets across interconnected networks of varying technologies.
- IP uses a best-effort delivery model, meaning it does not guarantee delivery of data packets and does not remedy lost, corrupted, misdelivered, or undelivered packets.
- IP packet headers contain fields for source and destination addresses, protocol type, fragmentation information, and more. IP packets can be fragmented into smaller pieces to accommodate networks with smaller maximum transmission unit sizes.
Network protocols
A protocols is a set of rules for the exchange of data between a terminal and computer or between two computer.
Ip sec
IPsec is a standardized framework that provides security (encryption, authentication, integrity) for IP communications. It has two modes - Transport mode which encrypts only the payload, and Tunnel mode which encrypts both the header and payload. IPsec uses protocols like AH (Authentication Header) which provides authentication and integrity, and ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) which provides confidentiality, authentication, and integrity. IPsec implementations can be in end hosts or routers depending on network requirements.
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This document provides an overview and implementation guide for Snort, an open source intrusion detection and prevention system (IDPS). It discusses what Snort is, how it works, and how to install and configure it on an Ubuntu server. The key points covered include:
- Snort can operate as a network intrusion detection system (NIDS), packet logger, or intrusion prevention system (IPS) through inline mode.
- Configuring an Ubuntu server, installing prerequisites like libpcap and PCRE libraries, and downloading/compiling the latest version of Snort from source.
- Creating directories, configuration files, rules files and setting permissions for Snort to run properly.
- Additional tools
Intrusion Detection System using Snort
This document summarizes the installation and configuration of an intrusion detection system using the open source tools Snort, MySQL, Apache web server, PHP, ACID, SAM, and SNOT. It provides step-by-step instructions for installing each component, configuring them to work together, and testing the system using SNOT to generate attack packets that can be monitored through the SAM and ACID interfaces.
IEEE 80211 ah
MEMBERS:
Abletes, Charles Chille
Agustin, Eloisa Marie U.
Curammeng, Alona Jane E.
Galvan, Cyrus Kim
Macaysa, Czyryl Anne A.
Pagtaccunan, Roshiela Mae V.
CISSP Week 5
This document provides an overview of network security concepts related to the OSI model, TCP/IP, IP networking, and multi-layer protocols. It describes the seven layers of the OSI model and compares it to the TCP/IP model. It discusses IP addressing schemes, routing protocols, TCP/IP ports, DHCP, ICMP, and networking services like DNS, LDAP, FTP, SMTP, and HTTP. It also covers implications of industrial control systems that use multi-layer protocols like SCADA and Modbus.
The Role of the Communication Protocols in the IoT: Pitfalls and Advantages
IoT solutions should rely on solid basis in order to provide a step for the future. One of the foundation of building IoT solutions is identifying the appropriate communication protocol to use. Choosing among the different communication protocols may be a challenging task due to the fact that some protocols may be the right fit for one scenario but not necessarily for all.
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VPN
Virtual private networks (VPNs) allow employees to securely access a company's intranet from remote locations over the public Internet. VPNs use encryption and tunneling protocols to create a private network across a public network like the Internet. This allows employees to access the company network from anywhere while also saving costs compared to traditional private networks by reducing equipment and maintenance expenses. VPNs authenticate users, control access, ensure confidentiality of data during transmission, and verify data integrity using encryption, digital signatures, and tunneling protocols like IPsec, L2TP, and PPTP. While VPNs provide advantages such as lower costs and remote access, they also have disadvantages like dependence on public networks outside the company's control and potential issues with
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router is a computer networking device that forwards
router is a computer networking device that forwards
The Role of the Communication Protocols in the IoT: Pitfalls and Advantages
The Role of the Communication Protocols in the IoT: Pitfalls and Advantages
Similar to Introduction of routing
Routing
Routing is the process of selecting the best paths in a network. It is performed for many kinds of networks like telephone, electronic data, and transportation networks. Routers are networking devices that forward data packets between different computer networks. Routing involves using IP addresses to identify hosts, protocols like RIP, EIGRP, OSPF and BGP to exchange routing information between routers, and algorithms to determine the optimal path to send packets through a network. Routing tables stored in routers and switches determine the path for packets to travel based on metrics like bandwidth and reliability.
Router Network Stimulation Technologies (advanced)
A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks and uses IP addresses to connect different networks. Routers use either static or dynamic routing, with static using manually configured routes and dynamic using routing protocols to determine the best paths. Common routing protocols include RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, IS-IS, and BGP, which are classified by their purpose, operation, and addressing scheme. Major router manufacturers include Cisco, D-Link, MikroTik, Juniper, and LinkSys. Network simulation tools allow testing of routing configurations without live hardware and include Cloonix, CORE, GNS3, IMUNES, Marionnet, Netkit, Psimulator 2, and Packet
Network interview questions
Network Interview Questions documents common networking concepts and protocols. It defines networking as interconnecting computers, describes bandwidth as the maximum data transfer rate of a connection, and VLAN as a logical grouping of ports on a switch. It also summarizes protocols like CIDR for IP address allocation, VLSM for subnetting, unicast for one-to-one transmission, multicast for one-to-many, and broadcast for one-to-all transmission. Key networking protocols like CDP, SNMP, OSPF, RIP, BGP, and PPPoE are also outlined.
Analysis of RIP, EIGRP, and OSPF Routing Protocols in a Network
There are many routing protocols out there today, some old and some new, but all are used for the same purpose. In general, to ideally select routes between any two nodes on a computer network and disseminate information. Routing of data packets is one of the important process in the internet. A routing protocol specifies the method of communication among routers used in the inter connection of networks. This paper takes into consideration three of such routing protocols RIP, OSPF, and EIGRP , expresses them and analyzes their way of operation. In this paper, we have analyzed and simulated a proposed Local Area Network using different routing protocols. So, configuration of these different routing protocols are done using CISCO packet tracer simulator. Khaing Khaing Wai "Analysis of RIP, EIGRP, and OSPF Routing Protocols in a Network" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27928.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-network/27928/analysis-of-rip-eigrp-and-ospf-routing-protocols-in-a-network/khaing-khaing-wai
Ijricit 01-001 pipt - path backscatter mechanism for unveiling real location ...
There is a necessity to think over IP traceback technique that help us to track or predict IP address details of malicious
attackers and reveal their actual locations. In spite of lot of research over IP traceback solutions, still there is a necessity
to find an optimal solution that could be implemented at the level of Internet. Real identity of spoofers couldn’t be
revealed by conventional techniques used until today. Through this paper we emphasize primarily on traceback of passive
IP (PIPT) that avoid the procedural risks involved in implementing IP traceback solutions. Path Backscatter (Internet
Control Message Protocol (ICMP) error messages) is probed by PIPT. Spoofing traffic fires these Backscatter, in order to
find the details of spoofer’s topological physical identity and bypasses procedural risks.
Impacts of normal mode and complication mode over Router topological structure are visualized. Nodal info tracker
over parameter i.e Bandwidth, digital sign, source IP, Dest IP and attack status on three network parameters. Spoofing
has been performed on IP addresses, packet data and bandwidth .These three parameter i.e IP addresses, packet data,
bandwidth status and topological nature are been demonstrated through technical stimulation. From the study made
we are able to assure optimized technique of traceback system through PIPT, in order to face the challenges of deployment
at internet level.
Dynamic routing
Dynamic routing allows routes to change dynamically according to network changes. Routing protocols are used to find networks and update router tables. Some common routing protocols discussed are RIP, IGRP, OSPF, IS-IS, and EIGRP. Advantages of dynamic routing include not needing to know destination networks, advertising directly connected networks, dynamically updating topology changes, reduced administration, and suitability for large organizations. Disadvantages include initial complexity, less security from broadcast updates, and requiring additional resources.
Routing protocol : Notes
Routing protocols are used by routers to exchange information about the structure of computer networks and select optimal paths between nodes. Each router initially only knows about directly connected networks, but routing protocols allow routers to share this reachability information with neighbors and propagate it throughout the network. This enables each router to build a map of the overall network topology to efficiently route data packets along the best available paths. Common routing protocols include OSPF, RIP, IS-IS, EIGRP, and BGP, which are used within autonomous systems or to exchange routes between different networks.
A Report on Routers
Routers are networking devices that forward data packets between computer networks by reading the address information in each packet and determining the ultimate destination. Routers then use information in their routing tables to direct each packet to the next network on its journey until it reaches its destination. Common types of routers include broadband routers for homes/small offices, wireless routers that create wireless signals, core routers for internet backbones, and edge routers that provide access points to core networks. Routers work at the network layer and use routing protocols to share information and select the best paths between networks.
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The document provides an overview of networking concepts and components. It begins with basic definitions of networks and networking. It then describes common networking devices like hubs, switches, routers, and network cards. It covers networking cables, IPv4 addressing, routing protocols like RIP and EIGRP, redistribution between protocols, ACLs, NAT, VPN tunnels, and Frame Relay. It concludes with an example implementation of a VPN tunnel between two routers.
ConfigureTwo networks principle
Simple approach to connect two Nks using the following principle likes:
Scalable Routing Protocols and (Scalable network)
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
or BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
NAT (Network Address Translation)
Basic ccna interview questions and answers ~ sysnet notes
Routers forward data packets between networks while switches operate at the data link layer and forward packets within a local area network. Hubs simply broadcast all incoming data to all ports. The document provides answers to common CCNA interview questions about networking fundamentals like IP addressing, routing, switching, protocols and Cisco router components.
Presentation on router
A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. It has multiple network interfaces and uses information in routing tables to determine the best path to direct each packet. As a packet comes in one of its lines, the router reads the address and uses its routing information to determine the next network. This allows it to effectively direct traffic through multiple interconnected networks until packets reach their destination. Router technology has evolved alongside increases in network bandwidth, allowing networks to expand while also driving down costs over time.
Routing protocol : Notes
Highlighted notes while studying Advanced Computer Networks:
Routing protocol
Source: Wikipedia
A routing protocol specifies how routers communicate with each other to distribute information that enables them to select routes between any two nodes on a computer network. Routers perform the "traffic directing" functions on the Internet; data packets are forwarded through the networks of the internet from router to router until they reach their destination computer. Routing algorithms determine the specific choice of route. Each router has a prior knowledge only of networks attached to it directly. A routing protocol shares this information first among immediate neighbors, and then throughout the network. This way, routers gain knowledge of the topology of the network. The ability of routing protocols to dynamically adjust to changing conditions such as disabled data lines and computers and route data around obstructions is what gives the Internet its fault tolerance and high availability.
Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia, created and edited by volunteers around the world and hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation.
CCNA
The document provides an introduction to networking concepts and Cisco technologies. It defines networking and network topology, discusses the OSI model and TCP/IP, and describes common network devices like switches, routers, and firewalls. It also covers IP addressing, routing protocols, and basic router and switch configuration.
Respond 3 of your colleagues postings in one or more of the fol.docx
Respond 3 of your colleagues' postings in one or more of the following ways:
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Student #1
Routing protocols can be the Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP), which is for you internal networks and the exterior routing protocol is Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP). This protocol maintains the routing information for networks (external) to your network. It only knows how to deliver data outside your network. EGP does not know how to deliver data within your network. Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the only EGP in use today. BGP is the routing protocol for the Internet.
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is starting to become the popular interior routing protocol (Tiso, 2011). If designing a new network, I would recommend OSPF or EIGRP because of the popularity, flexibility, and fast convergence. Reason I say OSPF is because there is not limitation on the hop count like there is with RIP (15). OSPF uses IP multicast to send link-state updates ("Cisco," 2014). Updates sent when routing changes occur instead of periodically. Better convergence since routing changes is instantaneously and not periodically.
My experience with OSPF occurred back in 2003 when a team I was working with was task to put in a new video teleconference network for an intelligence agency that consisted of over 250 rooms moving from H.320 to H.323. The network would consist of CONUS and OCONUS. Fourteen years later, equipment has been upgraded routers, switches, endpoints, etc. but the same routing protocol still used.
References
Cisco Networking Academy's Introduction to Routing Dynamically. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2180210&seqNum=7
Tiso, J. (2011). Designing Cisco Network Service Architectures (ARCH): Developing an Optimum Design for Layer 3 (CCDP). Retrieved from http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=1763921&seqNum=6
Student #2
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is Cisco's proprietary routing protocol, based on IGRP. EIGRP is a distance-vector routing protocol, with optimizations to minimize routing instability incurred after topology changes, and the use of bandwidth and processing power in the router. Routers that support EIGRP will automatically redistribute route information to IGRP neighbours by converting the 32-bit EIGRP metric to the 24-bit IGRP metric. Most of the routing optimizations are based on the Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL), which guarantees loop-free operation and provides fast router convergence.
Origin: Based only on Cisco’s implementation, not an Internet RFC
Type of protocol: Hybrid distance vector
Metric: Delay, bandwidth, reliability, and load, using the Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL)
Methodology: Sends hello packets every ...
NETWORK DEVICE SECURITY NETWORK HARDENING
The document discusses networking concepts like routers, switches, and protocols. It explains that routers operate at the network layer and use layer 3 addresses to transmit data between networks, while switches operate at layer 2 and use MAC addresses. It describes common routing protocols like RIP, OSPF, and BGP and how they calculate paths between networks. The document also provides configuration steps that can be taken to secure routers and switches, such as applying vendor patches and disabling unnecessary routing updates.
Future protocol IP v6
The document discusses the development and features of Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6). It describes how IPv4 addresses are running out due to the exponential growth of the Internet. IPv6 was developed to address this by providing a huge number of IP addresses through the use of 128-bit addresses. IPv6 also aims to improve security and support new technologies such as mobile devices and the Internet of Things. The document outlines several key features of IPv6 such as improved address space, auto-configuration, built-in security, and support for mobility.
Dynamic routing protocols (CCNA)
Dynamic routing protocols are used to automatically discover remote networks, maintain up-to-date routing information, and choose the best path to destination networks. There are two main types - interior gateway protocols (IGPs) like RIP, OSPF, and EIGRP that are used within an autonomous system, and exterior protocols like BGP that route between autonomous systems. IGPs use metrics like hop count or bandwidth to determine the best path. OSPF is a link-state protocol that floods link information, while EIGRP uses DUAL algorithm and maintains topology tables for fast convergence.
CCNA FUNDAMENTAL
CCNA stands for Cisco Certified Network Associate. Routers are networking devices that direct data packets to their destination. Routers use routing protocols like RIP to share information and determine the best paths between networks. Access control lists (ACLs) allow routers to filter traffic and restrict access to networks for security purposes. Network Address Translation (NAT) allows multiple devices to share public IP addresses to communicate on the Internet.
Arun project-Final
This document describes a student project to implement the OSPF routing protocol on routers using the Packet Tracer simulator. It includes an introduction to routing and OSPF, as well as chapters covering the OSPF process, router types, network architecture, results, advantages/disadvantages, and references. The project was completed by three students for their Bachelor of Technology degree and submitted to their department for acceptance.
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Introduction of routing
- 2. What is Routing? Routing is the process of finding a path on which data can pass from source to destination. Routing is done by a device called routers, which are network layer devices.
- 3. What is default routing in CCNA? Cisco CCNA – Default Gateway & Default Routes. Default route which is also known as the gateway of last resort, is used in forwarding packets whose destination address does not match any route in the routing table. We usually encounter the concept of default gateways in our daily computer life.
- 4. What does IP routing do? IP Routing is an umbrella term for the set of protocols that determine the path that data follows in order to travel across multiple networks from its source to its destination. Data is routed from its source to its destination through a series of routers, and across multiple networks.
- 5. What are types of routing? Although there are many types of routing protocols, three major classes are in widespread use on IP networks : ● Interior gateway protocols type 1, link- state routing protocols, such as OSPF and IS-IS. ● Interior gateway protocols type 2, distance-vector routing protocols, such as Routing Information Protocol, RIPv2, IGRP.
- 6. What is routing in networking? Routing Definition. Routing is the process of moving packets across a network from one host to a another. It is usually performed by dedicated devices called routers. Packets are the fundamental unit of information transport in all modern computer networks, and increasingly in other communications networks as well.
- 7. ● 09988741983,0172-5031983 ● counselor.cbitss@gmail.com CBitss Technologies Website : http://ciscotrainingchd.blogspot.com/p/ccna-training.html CCNA Training in Chandigarh