Networks Lab Viva
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The document discusses key networking concepts including the seven layers of the OSI model, differences between routers and switches, the use of the PING command to check connectivity, differences between LANs and WANs, differences between the internet and intranets, definitions of links, multiple access, protocols, round trip timers, and IP addresses.
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The network layer is responsible for routing packets from the source to destination. The routing algorithm is the piece of software that decides where a packet goes next (e.g., which output line, or which node on a broadcast channel).For connectionless networks, the routing decision is made for each datagram. For connection-oriented networks, the decision is made once, at circuit setup time.
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4) Transport layer - ensures messages are delivered completely through connection control, flow control and error control.
5) Session layer - establishes and manages connections through dialog control and synchronization.
6) Presentation layer - manages data encryption/compression and translation during exchange.
7) Application layer - supports network applications through APIs and uses services from lower layers.
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The document defines several networking terms:
A network connects two or more devices that can communicate through physical or wireless connections. Data communication transfers data between places or parties using computing and networking technologies. A node is any system connected to a network, such as computers, servers, and printers.
LAN refers to a local area network within a small geographic area like a building. PAN is a personal area network that connects devices within tens of meters. MAN is a metropolitan area network that connects areas like cities using multiple buildings. WAN extends over large geographic areas using telecommunication circuits.
NIC is a hardware component that provides a dedicated network connection. MAC address uniquely identifies each device on a network. IP address is a
NT BY AKATSUKI.pdf E
Network components include computers, cables, network interface cards, switches, and network operating systems. Multicast involves one or more senders and recipients sharing data traffic between unicast and broadcast. An intranet connects PCs within an organization privately, while the internet connects computers globally using TCP/IP. Active hubs boost and relay signals with their own power supply, and passive hubs rely on an active hub for power. Gateways connect different network protocols, and access points provide wireless connectivity to wired networks. Routers route data packets between networks or subnets. Modems convert digital signals to analog for telephone line transmission. Network topology refers to the arrangement of nodes and connections in a network.
Introduction to Computer Networking
This presentation is about:
Uses of Networking.
Various types of networking.
Applications used for networking.
Methods of network security.
Methods of communication -2G,3G,4G,Fiber Optics
Transmission Media.
Various types of protocols.
Cloud Computing
Protection against Viruses.
Question
This document contains answers to 35 questions related to computer networking concepts. Some key points addressed include:
- 10Base2, 10Base5, and 10BaseT are Ethernet LAN types defined by their maximum transfer rate and cabling used.
- An unspecified passive open has a server waiting for any client connection, while a fully specified passive open waits for a specific client.
- A TCB (Transmission Control Block) contains information about each network connection.
- SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) uses MIBs (Management Information Bases) to store device status, performance, and configuration data.
- Anonymous FTP allows users access files without a login for large public access.
Introduction to Computer Networks: Basic concept of Computer networks Goals o...
Introduction to Computer Networks: Basic concept of Computer networks Goals o...MostafizurRahmanMonn
Acomputer networkis a set ofcomputersconnected together for the purpose of sharing resources. The most common resource shared today is a connection to the Internet. Other shared resources can include a printer or a file server. The Internet itself can be considered a computer networkComputer network solution
The document discusses computer networks and the data link layer. It provides classifications of computer networks including PAN, LAN, MAN and WAN. It discusses the goals of computer networks which include resource sharing, reliability, cost savings, performance and communication. It then discusses point-to-point subnets and their possible topologies. Finally, it discusses the services provided by the data link layer, including encapsulation, frame synchronization, error control and logical link control.
Computer network
ARPANET was the first wide-area packet switching network developed in the late 1960s under the US Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). It served as the basis for today's internet and initially linked computers located at Pentagon-funded research institutions over telephone lines. A computer network connects computers together to allow for sharing of resources like files, printers or internet access. There are several types of computer networks including local area networks (LANs), personal area networks (PANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). Key components of computer networks include hardware like network interface cards (NICs), cables, routers, switches and software.
Computer network
This document discusses computer networks and their components. It describes how George Stibitz created the first network in 1940 by connecting computers via teleprinter. The ARPANET, created in 1965, was one of the first wide area networks connecting multiple universities. The introduction of Ethernet in 1973 helped develop what later became the Internet. The document also defines different types of networks including personal area networks, local area networks, wide area networks, and metropolitan area networks. It explains protocols like TCP, IP, DNS, and HTTP as well as network layers and encapsulation. Various network hardware such as gateways, routers, switches, and modems are also outlined.
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Introduction to Computer Networks: Basic concept of Computer networks Goals o...
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Networks Lab Viva
- 1. 1. What are the seven layers of OSI? Physical Layer, Data Link Layer, Network Layer, Transport Layer, Session Layer, Presentation Layer, Application Layer. 2. Difference between router and switch? Router is a layer three device which works based on software, switch is a layer two device whose working is based on the hardware of the device. Switch is faster than routers 3. What is the use of PING command? PING command is used to check the connectivity between two nodes in the network 4. Difference between LAN and WAN. LAN is typically a small network with upto a maximum of few hundred nodes, More than one LAN connected with each other and to the internet is called WAN 5. Difference between Internet and Intranet. Internet is a world-wide / global system of interconnected computer networks. Intranet is system in which multiple PCs are connected to each other. PCs in intranet are not available to the world outside the intranet. 6. What is called a Link? A network can consist of two or more computers directly connected by some physical medium such as coaxial cable or optical fiber. Such a physical medium is called as Link. 7. What is called a Multiple Access? If the physical links are shared by more than two nodes, it is said to be Multiple Access. 8. What is called a protocol? A protocol is a set of rules that govern all aspects of information communication. 9. What is Round Trip Timer? The duration of time it takes to send a message from one end of a network to the other and back, is called RTT 10. What is an IP Address? A unique string of numbers separated by full stops that identifies each computer using the Internet Protocol to communicate over a network.