CCNA stands for Cisco Certified Network Associate. Routers are networking devices that direct data packets to their destination. Routers use routing protocols like RIP to share information and determine the best paths between networks. Access control lists (ACLs) allow routers to filter traffic and restrict access to networks for security purposes. Network Address Translation (NAT) allows multiple devices to share public IP addresses to communicate on the Internet.

2. WHAT IS CCNA…??WHAT IS CCNA…??
A-set Training and Research Institute

3. CONTENTSCONTENTS A-set Training and Research Institute

4. CISCO ICONS AND SYMBOLSCISCO ICONS AND SYMBOLS
4

5. PROJECTPROJECT

7. IP ADDRESSINGIP ADDRESSING

8. ROUTERROUTER

9. ROUTER AS A COMPUTERROUTER AS A COMPUTER
Data is sent in form of packets between 2 end devices
Routers are used to direct packet to its destination

10. IP ROUTING..IP ROUTING..

11. RIP(ROUTING INFORMATIONRIP(ROUTING INFORMATION
PROTOCOL)PROTOCOL)

12. RIP SETUPRIP SETUP

13. COMMANDS USED..COMMANDS USED..

14. COMMANDS USED BY RIPCOMMANDS USED BY RIP
Command Command’s purpose
Rtr(config)#router rip Enables RIP routing process
Rtr(config-router)#network Associates a network with a RIP routing process
Rtr#debug ip rip used to view real time RIP routing updates
Rtr(config-router)#passive-interface fa0/0 Prevent RIP updates from going out an interface
Rtr#show ip protocols Used to display timers used by RIP

15. FRAME-RELAYFRAME-RELAY
Frame Relay is packet-switched technology. Frame
Relay follows principle of packet-switched
technology. Packet-switched networks allow
dynamically share the network medium and the
available bandwidth to the end to end stations

16. DLCI(DATA LINK CONNECTION IDENTIFIER) & LMIDLCI(DATA LINK CONNECTION IDENTIFIER) & LMI
(LOCAL MANAGEMENT INTERFACE)…(LOCAL MANAGEMENT INTERFACE)…

18. COMMANDS USEDCOMMANDS USED

19. ACLS (ACCESS CONTROL LISTS)ACLS (ACCESS CONTROL LISTS)
ACLs are lists of conditions that are applied to traffic traveling across a
router's interface. These lists tell the router what types of packets
to accept or deny. Acceptance and denial can be based on specified
conditions.
ACLs can be configured at the router to control access to a network or
subnet.
ACLs must be defined on a per-protocol, per direction, or per port basis.
There are three types of ACLs
1. Standard
2. Extended
3. Named

20. REASONS TO CREATE ACLSREASONS TO CREATE ACLS
1. Limit network traffic and increase network performance.
2. Provide traffic flow control.
3. Provide a basic level of security for network access.
4. Decide which types of traffic are forwarded or blocked at
the router interfaces. For example: Permit e-mail
traffic to be routed, but block all telnet traffic.
5. Allow an administrator to control what areas a client can
access on a network.
6. If ACLs are not configured on the router, all packets
passing through the router will be allowed onto all parts of
the network.

23. NAT
Translates between local addresses and public ones
Many private hosts share few global addresses
Public Network
Uses public addresses
Public addresses are
globally unique
Private Network
Uses private address range
(local addresses)
Local addresses may not
be used externally
NAT: Network Address TranslatorNAT: Network Address Translator

26. NETWORK SWITCHES..NETWORK SWITCHES..
A network switch is a small hardware device
that joins multiple computers together within
one Local Area Network(LAN). Technically
switches operate at Data-link Layer. These
are almost like HUBS. But unlike HUBS
network switches are capable of inspecting
data as it is recieved, determining the source
and destination device of each packet, and
forwarding them appropriately.

27. VLAN (VIRTUAL LAN)VLAN (VIRTUAL LAN)
VLAN provides Virtual Segmentation of Broadcast
Domain in the network. The devices, which are
member of same Vlan, are able to communicate
with each other.
The devices of different Vlan may communicate with
each other with routing called Inter Vlan
Communication.

28. VLAN TRUNKING PROTOCOL (VTP)VLAN TRUNKING PROTOCOL (VTP)
With the help of VTP, we can simplify the process of
creating Vlan. In multiple switches, we can configure one
switch as VTP server and all other switches will be
configured as VTP client. We will create Vlans on VTP
server switch.

29. INTER VLAN

30. SERVER SWITCHSERVER SWITCH

31. CLIENT SWITCHCLIENT SWITCH