1. The information processing cycle has four stages: input, processing, output, and storage. 2. In the input stage, data is entered into the computer using input devices like keyboards, mice, and scanners. 3. During processing, the CPU performs operations on the data like calculations and organizing information. 4. In the output stage, the results are presented using output devices like monitors and printers. 5. Finally, in storage, the information is saved so it can be used later, such as on a computer's hard drive.

1. Information processing cycle

2. What is a computer?
• A computer is a machine that receives data
and processes that data in some way to
produce information.
• A computer is an electronic device that
accepts data, performs computations, and
makes logical decisions according to the data
it is given, to produce information in a form
that is meaningful to humans.

3. How does a computer process
information?
Information Processing Cycle
Input Processing Output
Storage

4. What is the information processing cycle?
The sequence of events in processing
information, which includes
• (1) input
• (2) processing
• (3) output
• (4) storage

6. Stage 1: Input
• “You first have to get the data in”
• Our brain takes in information from our
senses
• Computers need “peripherals” (extra
components) to get information in
– ex/ keyboards, scanners, mice

7. 1.Input
-entering data into the computer.
Typical input devices:
• Keyboards, mice, flatbed scanners, bar code
readers, joysticks, digital data tablets (for
graphic drawing), electronic cash registers

8. keyboard

9. Mouse

10. Scanner

11. Barcode reader

12. joystick

13. Digital data tablets

14. Stage 2: Process
• Next, we need to ‘make sense of’ the data we have
• Our brain compares this to what we know and decides
whether it is important enough to remember or not
• Computers use the CPU (the main chip inside) to make
decisions, do calculations, and organize data
– ex/ Pentium-IV, Dual-Core

15. 2.processing
-performing operations on the data.
• CPU Processor - Central Processing Unit
• A central processing unit (CPU), or sometimes
simply processor, is the key component in a
digital computer capable of executing a
program. It interprets computer program
instructions and processes data. CPUs provide
the fundamental digital computer trait of
programmability, and are one of the necessary
components found in computers of any era,
along with memory and input/output facilities.

16. 2.processing
-performing operations on the data.
• A CPU that is manufactured as a single
integrated circuit is usually known as a
microprocessor. Beginning in the mid-
1970s, microprocessors of ever-
increasing complexity and power
gradually supplanted other designs,
and today the term "CPU" is usually
applied to some type of microprocessor.

17. CPU

18. Stage 3: Output
• The next step is to get the results out from the process,
and present them in a useable way
• Our brain makes our body respond by talking, moving, or
writing
• Computers need “peripherals” to do this
– ex/ monitor, printer, data projector

19. Stage 4: Distribute
• Finally, the information needs to be sent elsewhere (or
stored) so it can be used later
• Our brain makes “memories” of the information, and we
may write it down to look over later
• Computers use “peripherals” to do this
– ex/ hard drive, CDs or DVDs to burn, Internet