2. Mercantilism (Commercialism)
• A country attempts to amass wealth through trade with other
countries, exporting more than it imports
3. Encomienda System
• System in Spanish America that gave settlers the right to tax local
Indians or to demand their labor in exchange for protecting them and
teaching them skills.
4. Hacienda System
• Similar to the feudal system, Natives got money and had to buy their
products from their owners
5. Hapsburg
• When under Habsburg rule, Spain reached the zenith of its influence
and power, controlling territory.
6. Philip II of Spain
• The son of Charles V who later became husband to Mary I and king of
Spain and Portugal. He supported the Counter Reformation and sent
the Spanish Armada to invade England.
7. Thirty Years War (1618-1648)
• A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant
religious conflict. It was primarily a battle between France and their
rivals, the Hapsburg's, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire.
8. Treaty of Westphalia (1648)
• Ended Thirty Years War, and granted right to individual rulers within
the Holy Roman Empire to choose their own religion-either Protestant
or Catholic.
9. Prince Henry the Navigator
• Supported Portuguese exploration, financed Bartholomew Dias and
Vasco da Gama.
11. Vasco da Gama
• Portuguese explorer who rounded the Cape of Good Hope, explored
E. African kingdoms, and went to India to establish trade relations.
12. Christopher Columbus
• Spanish explorer who mistakenly found the West Indies instead of his
goal of finding China and India.
13. West Indies
• An archipelago between SE N. America and N S. America, separating
the Caribbean Sea from the Atlantic Ocean and including the Greater
Antilles, the Lesser Antilles, and the Bahama Islands.
14. Greater Antilles
• An island group of the northern West Indies including Cuba, Jamaica,
Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico.
15. Lesser Antilles
• An island group of the eastern West Indies extending in an arc from
Aruba to the Virgin Islands.
16. Treaty of Tordesillas
• Agreement between Spain and Portugal on divided the New World;
everything east of "the line" belonged to Portugal, and everything to
the west belonged to Spain.
17. Colonialism
• The policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over
another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it
economically
18. Nationalism
• A belief, creed or political ideology that involves an individual
identifying with, or becoming attached to, one's nation.
19. Hernan Cortes
• Spanish conquistador and explorer who defeated the Aztec Empire via
advanced weapons, diseases, and help from conquered Aztec
peoples.
20. Montezuma II
• Last emperor of the Aztec Empire, killed during Spanish invasion led
by Hernan Cortes.
21. Francisco Pizarro
• Spanish conquistador and explorer who defeated the Inca Empire via
advanced weapons, and diseases.
27. Colombian Exchange
• Widespread transfer of animals, plants, culture, human populations,
communicable diseases, technology and ideas between the American
and Afro-Eurasian
28. Goa, India
• Island off the coast of India that was the base of Portuguese trade
