The human ear is divided into three main parts - the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear collects sound waves with the pinna and directs them through the auditory canal to the eardrum. The middle ear contains the eardrum, ossicles, and amplifies vibrations before transmitting them through the oval window to the inner ear. The inner ear contains the cochlea, which is a fluid-filled spiral structure that converts sound vibrations into nerve impulses that are sent to the brain for interpretation as sound.

1. ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
OF HUMAN EAR
BY
Mr. Vinayak Raju Bodhankar
M. Pharm. (QA)

2.  The ear is the sensory organ of sound.
 For the purpose of description, it is divided into 3 parts i.e. external, middle & internal.
 Every structure of the ear has their own functions and are very important.
Three main parts of the Ear

3.  STRUCTURE OF HUMAN EAR

4.  OUTER EAR
Outer Ear
pinna auditory canal
 It helps to collect sound waves.

5. Structure Function/Explanation
PINNA
Pinna is also called auricle or external ear, the flap like organ on
either side of the head.
Made of cartilage and skin and shaped like a funnel.
It collects and directs sounds into the ear canal.
AUDITORY CANAL
Auditory canal is a tunnel or passageway that begins at the
external ear and extends inward toward the eardrum.
A long tube lined with hairs. It directs sounds to the eardrum.
Outer Ear

6.  MIDDLE EAR
 It is a small chamber internal to the tympanic
membrane & contains air.

7. STRUCTURE EXPLANATION/FUNCTIONS
EARDRUM Eardrum also known as the tympanic membrane. semitransparent thin fibroelastic
connective tissue membrane, covered by epidermis (external side) and a cuboidal
mucous epithielium (inner side) .
It vibrates and transmits sound waves to the ossicles.
OSSICLES Made up of three small bones which is the hammer (Malleus), the anvil (Incus) and
the stirrup (stapes). It intensifies the vibrations of the sound waves by 22 times
before transmitting to the oval window.
EUSTACHIAN
TUBE
A narrow tube that joins the middle ear to the throat that balances the air pressure at
both sides of the eardrum.
OVAL WINDOW An oval shaped thin membrane between the middle ear & the inner ear.
It transmit sound vibration from the middle ear to the inner ear.
Middle Ear

8.  BONES & MUSCLES OF MIDDLE EAR

9.  INNER EAR
 It consist of several cavities.
 Cavities are called Bony labyrinth
& it contain fluid called as
perilymph.
 The labyrinth consist of 3 parts:
1. Vestibule
2. Semicircular canal
3. Cochlea

10. STRUCTURE EXPLANATION/FUNCTIONS
COCHLEA
Cochlea is a system of coiled tubes snail-like structure in the inner
ear filled with fluid called perilymph &endolymph.
It consists of three tubes:
1. Scala Vestibuli (Vestibular canal)
2. Scala media (cochlear canal)
3. Scala tympani (tympanic canal)
AUDITORY NERVE
It carries the impulses to the brain which then interprets the impulses
as sound.
SEMICIRCULAR CANALS
& VESTIBLE
For body balance.
 Inner ear