These slides have been made by the members of roboVITics club - The Official Robotics Club of VIT. It deals with the basic concepts related to making a Line Follower Robot.
For details, visit http://maxEmbedded.com/
http://robovitics.in/
This document describes a student robotics project. The project involves building a robot that can sense obstacles using IR sensors, avoid obstacles autonomously, and resume its path. The robot is controlled by an AVR ATmega16 microcontroller. It uses an IR sensor to detect obstacles and an L293D motor driver and DC motors for movement. When an obstacle is detected, the microcontroller diverts the robot left or right to avoid the obstacle before resuming its forward motion. The project aims to create a mobile robot that can navigate independently within certain limitations.
The document outlines requirements for a line following robot and discusses methods for line detection. It lists key requirements as being able to follow and take turns along a line, while being insensitive to lighting and noise. It also notes the line color does not matter as long as it is darker or lighter than the surroundings. The document further explains that infrared sensors produce analog outputs that need to be converted to digital signals, which can be done using analog to digital converters or comparators. It also provides an overview of features of the 8051 microcontroller, including memory, serial communication ports, timers, I/O pins, interrupts and clock speed.
This document describes the design and working of an intelligent line following robot. It uses infrared sensors to detect a black line on a white surface and a microcontroller to control motors that navigate the robot along the line. The microcontroller receives sensor input and determines whether the robot should move straight, turn right, or turn left to stay on the line. The line following robot demonstrates principles of sensing, feedback control, and programming intelligence into machines.
This document outlines a semester project to build a line-following robot. It will use discrete electronic components like light dependent resistors and transistors to sense a white line on a black surface and motors to maneuver along the line. The project will have modules for mechanical design, motor control, and light sensing. It provides details on the components, circuit design, team responsibilities, timeline and potential risks.
This document describes a robotic vehicle that can be remotely operated and monitored using an Android application. The robot is equipped with a wireless night vision camera that can transmit real-time video to a smartphone or tablet. The remote operation is achieved through a graphical user interface on the Android device. The robot could potentially be used for surveillance or spying in military situations.
Obstacle Avoidance Robot Summer training Presentation Wasi Abbas
i did an extremely hard work on it. I believe that you all my friends will surely get the benefit of this presentation. As a student of B.tech I just wish to assist those who always ready to assist another one. thanks for reading......
These slides have been made by the members of roboVITics club - The Official Robotics Club of VIT. It deals with the basic concepts related to making a Line Follower Robot.
For details, visit http://maxEmbedded.com/
http://robovitics.in/
This document describes a student robotics project. The project involves building a robot that can sense obstacles using IR sensors, avoid obstacles autonomously, and resume its path. The robot is controlled by an AVR ATmega16 microcontroller. It uses an IR sensor to detect obstacles and an L293D motor driver and DC motors for movement. When an obstacle is detected, the microcontroller diverts the robot left or right to avoid the obstacle before resuming its forward motion. The project aims to create a mobile robot that can navigate independently within certain limitations.
The document outlines requirements for a line following robot and discusses methods for line detection. It lists key requirements as being able to follow and take turns along a line, while being insensitive to lighting and noise. It also notes the line color does not matter as long as it is darker or lighter than the surroundings. The document further explains that infrared sensors produce analog outputs that need to be converted to digital signals, which can be done using analog to digital converters or comparators. It also provides an overview of features of the 8051 microcontroller, including memory, serial communication ports, timers, I/O pins, interrupts and clock speed.
This document describes the design and working of an intelligent line following robot. It uses infrared sensors to detect a black line on a white surface and a microcontroller to control motors that navigate the robot along the line. The microcontroller receives sensor input and determines whether the robot should move straight, turn right, or turn left to stay on the line. The line following robot demonstrates principles of sensing, feedback control, and programming intelligence into machines.
This document outlines a semester project to build a line-following robot. It will use discrete electronic components like light dependent resistors and transistors to sense a white line on a black surface and motors to maneuver along the line. The project will have modules for mechanical design, motor control, and light sensing. It provides details on the components, circuit design, team responsibilities, timeline and potential risks.
This document describes a robotic vehicle that can be remotely operated and monitored using an Android application. The robot is equipped with a wireless night vision camera that can transmit real-time video to a smartphone or tablet. The remote operation is achieved through a graphical user interface on the Android device. The robot could potentially be used for surveillance or spying in military situations.
Obstacle Avoidance Robot Summer training Presentation Wasi Abbas
i did an extremely hard work on it. I believe that you all my friends will surely get the benefit of this presentation. As a student of B.tech I just wish to assist those who always ready to assist another one. thanks for reading......
The document describes the components, working, and applications of a line following robot. It consists of the following key components: IR sensors to detect the line, an Arduino UNO microcontroller, an L293D motor driver IC, and two geared motors. The IR sensors detect the visual line on the floor and send signals to the Arduino, which uses the motor driver IC to control the direction of the two motors accordingly. The line following robot is able to follow the line path, make turns when detecting breaks in the line, and has applications in industrial automation.
The line follower robot detects and follows a black line on a white surface using infrared sensors. It continuously corrects itself to stay on the track without human help. The sensors detect light reflected from the surface to determine if the line is centered, left, or right of the robot and signal the motors to move forward or turn accordingly. Potential applications include transport in factories, hospitals, museums, and more.
This project report summarizes the design and working of a line follower robot. It discusses the components used including an LM324 comparator IC, AT89C51 microprocessor, L293D H-bridge motor driver, and IR transmitter and receiver. It explains how the IR sensors detect the line and the microprocessor controls the motors to follow the line by turning when sensors detect line edges. The working principle section describes the robot's line detection and movement logic in detail. Applications mentioned include industrial transport, automated vehicles, and museum tour guides.
This document describes a line follower robot. A line follower robot is a machine that can follow a visible or invisible path. It uses sensors to detect the line and a microcontroller to determine movements to follow the line. Key components include a chassis, wheels, batteries, motors, and electronic circuitry. Line follower robots have applications in industrial automation and transportation. The robot must be able to navigate various environments and conditions while precisely tracking the line.
This document describes the design and functioning of a light following robot. The robot uses light dependent resistors (LDRs) to sense light and an op-amp circuit to compare the light readings from the LDRs. When more light falls on one LDR, the op-amp output activates the corresponding transistor which drives the motor on that side, causing the robot to turn towards the light source. The robot aims to follow a light source such as a flashlight by moving its motors based on the LDR sensor readings processed by the op-amp circuitry. Applications include uses in street lights, alarms, and devices that adjust screen brightness based on ambient lighting.
This is a presentation of OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE ROBOT. which has the details on making an obstacle avoider using arduino uno, ultrasonic sensor. This presentation has the detailed description of all the components that are being used in making. And also circuit diagram and flow chart of the robot.
Obstacle Avoiding Robot
Robotics is a branch of science that deals with Mechanical, Electrical and Software fields. Robots are the machines that are used in our day-to-day to life to reduce men power and work accurately without any distortions. Robots can be classified into two different sections basing upon their skills as Automated and Manual. Obstacle detector is a Automated robot which itself recognizes the obstacle in its path and moves in free direction. Robot detects the obstacle by using two IR Sensors placed in front.
The IR sensors are placed on left and right side of the robot through which continuous Infrared radiation is emitted for detection of obstacles in the path. These IR Sensors are connected to a controlling element AT89c51 µc. When a obstacle is placed in the path of robot IR beam is reflected to the sensor from the obstacle. On detecting obstacle in the path sensor sends 0 volts to µc. This 0 voltage is detected by Microcontroller which avoids the obstacle by taking left or right turn. Similarly if the sensor sends +5v to Microcontroller, the Microcontroller assumes it as clear path and makes the robot to move in straight.
Two motors namely right motor and left motor are connected to Motor driver IC (L293D). L293D is interface with Microcontroller. Microcontroller sends logic 0 & logic 1 as per the programming to driver IC which makes motors to rotate in clockwise and anticlockwise direction. Wheels attached to the motors rotate accordingly with the motor shaft causing in the moment of the robot by wheels. In front portion of the robot a free wheel is attached to move the robot easily in any direction as per the requirement.
A 12Volts DC battery is attached to the circuit. As the microcontroller and sensors requires only 5v, set of resistors and capacitors are used to supply 5v DC to them. Power Management System is not maintained in the circuit as the battery can be removed after the usage of robot. So it does not cause any loss in the power of battery.
This type of robots has multiple applications in various fields. They can be used to know the strength of the opposite army in defense system. They can be used as floor and wall cleaners. They are used in automated GPS vehicles to calculate the moment of the vehicle overhead. These robots are easy to construct and cheaper in cost with long durability.
Obstacle detection Robot using Ultrasonic Sensor and Arduino UNOSanjay Kumar
This document describes how to build an obstacle detection robot using an Arduino UNO, ultrasonic sensor, and motor driver module. It explains the components used, including the Arduino, ultrasonic sensor to detect obstacles from 2-400cm away, and an L298N motor driver module to control DC motors. It provides details on connecting the components, programming the ultrasonic sensor to trigger and receive echo signals to determine distances, and controlling the motor's direction depending on detected obstacles to help the robot navigate. Code and more details are available at the provided GitHub link.
The document describes a line follower robot that uses infrared sensors to detect and follow a black line on a white surface. It uses an L293d motor driver IC to control two DC motors and drive the wheels. An LM324 comparator IC compares the output of the IR sensors to a reference voltage to determine if the sensor is over the black line or white surface. The robot also uses an L7805 voltage regulator to maintain a constant voltage supply for the components. The robot is able to navigate tight curves by sensing the line with the IR sensors and maneuvering accordingly using the closed-loop control system.
This document describes an obstacle avoiding robot. The robot uses an Arduino Uno microcontroller, ultrasonic sensor, DC motors, motor driver module, and other components. It measures distance to obstacles using the ultrasonic sensor and triggers different motor movements to avoid obstacles. The connections and code are provided to trigger the motors to move forward when no obstacle is detected and turn when an obstacle is close, helping the robot avoid collisions during movement.
The document describes an obstacle avoiding robot created by four group members using an Arduino UNO, ultrasonic sensor, DC motor driver, and connecting wires. The robot senses obstacles in its path using the ultrasonic sensor, avoids obstacles by reversing or turning, and resumes moving forward once the path is clear. The robot's program uses the ultrasonic sensor readings to determine its speed and maneuvering.
Obstacle Avoiding robot is a self thinking robot which can take decisions itself using programmed brain without any guidance from human beings. In our Project we use Infrared to sense obstacles and take movements accordingly. Our Project
mainly used in military application, small toys and also used in mines by increasing IR sensors.
This document describes a line following robot project built using an Arduino microcontroller. It lists the components used, which include the Arduino UNO, IR sensors, an L298N motor driver, DC motors, and a chassis. It explains the working principle of how the IR sensors detect a line and the motor driver is used to control the DC motors to follow the line. Diagrams of the circuit, programming code, potential applications, and advantages/disadvantages of the line following robot are also provided.
Working Concept of Fire Fighting Robot: The main brain of this project is the Arduino, but in-order to sense fire we use the Fire sensor module (flame sensor) that is shown below. As you can see these sensors have an IR Receiver (Photodiode) which is used to detect the fire.
This project report describes an obstacle avoiding robot created by a student group. The robot uses an ultrasonic sensor to detect obstacles in its path and a microcontroller to control two motors to navigate around obstacles. When the sensor detects an obstacle within 20cm, the microcontroller directs the robot to turn left. Otherwise, it moves straight. The report provides details on the robot's design, components, circuit diagram, algorithm, and testing process. It also discusses potential applications and future improvements.
This document summarizes a robotics presentation by students Abhishek Sainkar, Ashish Kumar, and Rohit Kadhane, guided by Khandekar Sir. The students designed a humanoid robot with wheels and arms that can perform tasks like weightlifting for general purpose use. The robot was made using an open source electronics platform to explore robotics and help disabled people. The objective was to minimize efforts for disabled people and use the robot for tasks in restaurants, factories, and military explosive diffusion. The project involved an Arduino-based robotic arm with 4 servo motors controlling joints to replicate human arm motion when physically controlled.
This robot follows a black line on a bright surface or white line on a dark surface using IR sensors to detect the line. It uses a microcontroller, IR sensors, motor driver, and DC motors to sense the line and drive the wheels to stay on the line. When the sensors detect the line on one side, the microcontroller stops that side's motor to turn the robot.
This document provides an introduction to industrial robotics, including:
- The different types of automation including hard automation, programmable automation, and autonomous robots.
- The current applications of industrial robots in manufacturing.
- How robot anatomy is inspired by human and animal anatomy, including arms, joints, sensors and a controlling brain.
- The typical configurations of industrial robot manipulators including Cartesian, cylindrical, polar, jointed arm, and SCARA designs.
- Robot control systems ranging from limited sequence control to intelligent control.
- Common end effectors used by robots including grippers for grasping and tools for specific tasks.
This document is a term paper report submitted by Priya Hada, a 5th semester B.Tech student in Electronics and Communication Engineering at Amity University Rajasthan. The report is about a line follower robot and includes an introduction, hardware description, working procedure, software skills used, and conclusions. The introduction provides background on line follower robots and describes their use in industrial applications to transport materials along predetermined paths. The hardware section details the basic components used including an AT89C51 microcontroller, IR sensors, motor driver circuitry, and a power supply.
This document describes the design of a line following robot. It consists of 3 sentences:
The line follower uses infrared sensors to detect a black line on a white surface and follow the path by adjusting its movement left, right or forward based on the sensor readings. It is programmed with an AVR microcontroller and uses an L298 motor driver to control the DC motors. Potential applications include automated cars using embedded magnets for guidance and industrial robots navigating factory floors.
The document describes the components, working, and applications of a line following robot. It consists of the following key components: IR sensors to detect the line, an Arduino UNO microcontroller, an L293D motor driver IC, and two geared motors. The IR sensors detect the visual line on the floor and send signals to the Arduino, which uses the motor driver IC to control the direction of the two motors accordingly. The line following robot is able to follow the line path, make turns when detecting breaks in the line, and has applications in industrial automation.
The line follower robot detects and follows a black line on a white surface using infrared sensors. It continuously corrects itself to stay on the track without human help. The sensors detect light reflected from the surface to determine if the line is centered, left, or right of the robot and signal the motors to move forward or turn accordingly. Potential applications include transport in factories, hospitals, museums, and more.
This project report summarizes the design and working of a line follower robot. It discusses the components used including an LM324 comparator IC, AT89C51 microprocessor, L293D H-bridge motor driver, and IR transmitter and receiver. It explains how the IR sensors detect the line and the microprocessor controls the motors to follow the line by turning when sensors detect line edges. The working principle section describes the robot's line detection and movement logic in detail. Applications mentioned include industrial transport, automated vehicles, and museum tour guides.
This document describes a line follower robot. A line follower robot is a machine that can follow a visible or invisible path. It uses sensors to detect the line and a microcontroller to determine movements to follow the line. Key components include a chassis, wheels, batteries, motors, and electronic circuitry. Line follower robots have applications in industrial automation and transportation. The robot must be able to navigate various environments and conditions while precisely tracking the line.
This document describes the design and functioning of a light following robot. The robot uses light dependent resistors (LDRs) to sense light and an op-amp circuit to compare the light readings from the LDRs. When more light falls on one LDR, the op-amp output activates the corresponding transistor which drives the motor on that side, causing the robot to turn towards the light source. The robot aims to follow a light source such as a flashlight by moving its motors based on the LDR sensor readings processed by the op-amp circuitry. Applications include uses in street lights, alarms, and devices that adjust screen brightness based on ambient lighting.
This is a presentation of OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE ROBOT. which has the details on making an obstacle avoider using arduino uno, ultrasonic sensor. This presentation has the detailed description of all the components that are being used in making. And also circuit diagram and flow chart of the robot.
Obstacle Avoiding Robot
Robotics is a branch of science that deals with Mechanical, Electrical and Software fields. Robots are the machines that are used in our day-to-day to life to reduce men power and work accurately without any distortions. Robots can be classified into two different sections basing upon their skills as Automated and Manual. Obstacle detector is a Automated robot which itself recognizes the obstacle in its path and moves in free direction. Robot detects the obstacle by using two IR Sensors placed in front.
The IR sensors are placed on left and right side of the robot through which continuous Infrared radiation is emitted for detection of obstacles in the path. These IR Sensors are connected to a controlling element AT89c51 µc. When a obstacle is placed in the path of robot IR beam is reflected to the sensor from the obstacle. On detecting obstacle in the path sensor sends 0 volts to µc. This 0 voltage is detected by Microcontroller which avoids the obstacle by taking left or right turn. Similarly if the sensor sends +5v to Microcontroller, the Microcontroller assumes it as clear path and makes the robot to move in straight.
Two motors namely right motor and left motor are connected to Motor driver IC (L293D). L293D is interface with Microcontroller. Microcontroller sends logic 0 & logic 1 as per the programming to driver IC which makes motors to rotate in clockwise and anticlockwise direction. Wheels attached to the motors rotate accordingly with the motor shaft causing in the moment of the robot by wheels. In front portion of the robot a free wheel is attached to move the robot easily in any direction as per the requirement.
A 12Volts DC battery is attached to the circuit. As the microcontroller and sensors requires only 5v, set of resistors and capacitors are used to supply 5v DC to them. Power Management System is not maintained in the circuit as the battery can be removed after the usage of robot. So it does not cause any loss in the power of battery.
This type of robots has multiple applications in various fields. They can be used to know the strength of the opposite army in defense system. They can be used as floor and wall cleaners. They are used in automated GPS vehicles to calculate the moment of the vehicle overhead. These robots are easy to construct and cheaper in cost with long durability.
Obstacle detection Robot using Ultrasonic Sensor and Arduino UNOSanjay Kumar
This document describes how to build an obstacle detection robot using an Arduino UNO, ultrasonic sensor, and motor driver module. It explains the components used, including the Arduino, ultrasonic sensor to detect obstacles from 2-400cm away, and an L298N motor driver module to control DC motors. It provides details on connecting the components, programming the ultrasonic sensor to trigger and receive echo signals to determine distances, and controlling the motor's direction depending on detected obstacles to help the robot navigate. Code and more details are available at the provided GitHub link.
The document describes a line follower robot that uses infrared sensors to detect and follow a black line on a white surface. It uses an L293d motor driver IC to control two DC motors and drive the wheels. An LM324 comparator IC compares the output of the IR sensors to a reference voltage to determine if the sensor is over the black line or white surface. The robot also uses an L7805 voltage regulator to maintain a constant voltage supply for the components. The robot is able to navigate tight curves by sensing the line with the IR sensors and maneuvering accordingly using the closed-loop control system.
This document describes an obstacle avoiding robot. The robot uses an Arduino Uno microcontroller, ultrasonic sensor, DC motors, motor driver module, and other components. It measures distance to obstacles using the ultrasonic sensor and triggers different motor movements to avoid obstacles. The connections and code are provided to trigger the motors to move forward when no obstacle is detected and turn when an obstacle is close, helping the robot avoid collisions during movement.
The document describes an obstacle avoiding robot created by four group members using an Arduino UNO, ultrasonic sensor, DC motor driver, and connecting wires. The robot senses obstacles in its path using the ultrasonic sensor, avoids obstacles by reversing or turning, and resumes moving forward once the path is clear. The robot's program uses the ultrasonic sensor readings to determine its speed and maneuvering.
Obstacle Avoiding robot is a self thinking robot which can take decisions itself using programmed brain without any guidance from human beings. In our Project we use Infrared to sense obstacles and take movements accordingly. Our Project
mainly used in military application, small toys and also used in mines by increasing IR sensors.
This document describes a line following robot project built using an Arduino microcontroller. It lists the components used, which include the Arduino UNO, IR sensors, an L298N motor driver, DC motors, and a chassis. It explains the working principle of how the IR sensors detect a line and the motor driver is used to control the DC motors to follow the line. Diagrams of the circuit, programming code, potential applications, and advantages/disadvantages of the line following robot are also provided.
Working Concept of Fire Fighting Robot: The main brain of this project is the Arduino, but in-order to sense fire we use the Fire sensor module (flame sensor) that is shown below. As you can see these sensors have an IR Receiver (Photodiode) which is used to detect the fire.
This project report describes an obstacle avoiding robot created by a student group. The robot uses an ultrasonic sensor to detect obstacles in its path and a microcontroller to control two motors to navigate around obstacles. When the sensor detects an obstacle within 20cm, the microcontroller directs the robot to turn left. Otherwise, it moves straight. The report provides details on the robot's design, components, circuit diagram, algorithm, and testing process. It also discusses potential applications and future improvements.
This document summarizes a robotics presentation by students Abhishek Sainkar, Ashish Kumar, and Rohit Kadhane, guided by Khandekar Sir. The students designed a humanoid robot with wheels and arms that can perform tasks like weightlifting for general purpose use. The robot was made using an open source electronics platform to explore robotics and help disabled people. The objective was to minimize efforts for disabled people and use the robot for tasks in restaurants, factories, and military explosive diffusion. The project involved an Arduino-based robotic arm with 4 servo motors controlling joints to replicate human arm motion when physically controlled.
This robot follows a black line on a bright surface or white line on a dark surface using IR sensors to detect the line. It uses a microcontroller, IR sensors, motor driver, and DC motors to sense the line and drive the wheels to stay on the line. When the sensors detect the line on one side, the microcontroller stops that side's motor to turn the robot.
This document provides an introduction to industrial robotics, including:
- The different types of automation including hard automation, programmable automation, and autonomous robots.
- The current applications of industrial robots in manufacturing.
- How robot anatomy is inspired by human and animal anatomy, including arms, joints, sensors and a controlling brain.
- The typical configurations of industrial robot manipulators including Cartesian, cylindrical, polar, jointed arm, and SCARA designs.
- Robot control systems ranging from limited sequence control to intelligent control.
- Common end effectors used by robots including grippers for grasping and tools for specific tasks.
This document is a term paper report submitted by Priya Hada, a 5th semester B.Tech student in Electronics and Communication Engineering at Amity University Rajasthan. The report is about a line follower robot and includes an introduction, hardware description, working procedure, software skills used, and conclusions. The introduction provides background on line follower robots and describes their use in industrial applications to transport materials along predetermined paths. The hardware section details the basic components used including an AT89C51 microcontroller, IR sensors, motor driver circuitry, and a power supply.
This document describes the design of a line following robot. It consists of 3 sentences:
The line follower uses infrared sensors to detect a black line on a white surface and follow the path by adjusting its movement left, right or forward based on the sensor readings. It is programmed with an AVR microcontroller and uses an L298 motor driver to control the DC motors. Potential applications include automated cars using embedded magnets for guidance and industrial robots navigating factory floors.
This document is an abstract for an economics project focusing on literacy rates among economically deprived groups in West Bengal, India. It analyzes literacy data from 2001-2011 at the district level, looking at correlations between factors like concentration of scheduled castes/tribes, government school availability, and literacy rates. Key findings include occupational diversification, female work participation, and availability of government aided schools influencing literacy. While government programs have increased enrollment, literacy targets have not fully been met, with gaps remaining for scheduled castes/tribes and Muslim females in certain districts. The conclusion calls for expanded school access and mid-day meal programs in areas with high scheduled caste/tribe populations to further increase participation and literacy.
1) The document describes an experiment to perform unsymmetrical fault analysis on a power system model by calculating fault currents (If) for different types of faults including single line-to-ground (1LG), line-to-line (LL), double line-to-ground (2LG), and three-phase faults.
2) The user inputs the fault location (zf) and fault type, and the code calculates the appropriate fault currents based on the system impedance values and voltage (Ea).
3) For a 1LG fault at zf=0, the code outputs the fault current as If = -115.4667∠-90°.
Visiable Light is a robot that can sense and follow light. A user can shine a flashlight at its front and Light Rover will respond by following the light source. Light Rover uses a microcontroller for processing the sensor readings and responds by controlling the motors. The robot is designed with two sensors in mind, a left and a right. So when more light is detected on the left side, the robot will move towards it by rotating the right motor forward and the left motor backwards. The robot will know to move forward when both sensors receive about the same (by a margin we specify) amount of light.
The robot has two bipolar motors attached to front wheels of the robot. While rear wheels do not have any motor attached to them. The robot has two sensors fixed at its front panel separated by sufficient distance. It has a power supply & microcontroller circuitry placed inside the Light Rover.
We wanted to build a sensing light robot because microcontrollers are natural devices for sensing and responding to events.
The document provides an overview of the key components and working principle of a line-following robot, including:
1) Sensory systems that collect information about the outside world using sensors like photoresistors. 2) A data processing and motor control system that interprets sensor input signals and decides how to drive the motors. 3) Drive systems like DC motors that implement the motor control signals.
The line-following algorithm determines the robot's direction based on where the line is detected by the sensors - forward if centered, left if left of center, and right if right of center. If no line is detected, the robot circles until it finds the line again.
DIY UNO Play Breadboard ATMEGA328P with FT232 Breakout BoardRaghav Shetty
This document describes a DIY UNO Play Breadboard that uses an ATmega328p microcontroller. It includes an FT232 breakout board to program the ATmega328p via USB without an onboard USB interface. The breadboard has 14 digital I/O pins, 6 analog inputs, and 6 PWM outputs. An example Arduino code is provided to blink 4 LEDs connected to different digital pins. The breadboard allows prototyping with the common ATmega328p in a similar way to an Arduino UNO board.
The document describes a group project to design a light sensing robotic vehicle using a PIC18F4520 microcontroller board, stepper motors, sensors, and switches. The task is for the robot to search for a light source within a bounded area, stop within 15cm of the light, and re-negotiate its path when obstacles are encountered. The group divided responsibilities and spent four weeks implementing the hardware, writing software, and integrating everything onto the robotic platform. By the end of the project, the light sensing robot was able to follow light, avoid boundaries, react to obstacles, and stop at the desired distance from the light source, as demonstrated in videos of its operation.
robotics and autonomus robots which follows a line.
For those who are intrested in robotics for that it is the best presentation om line follower,
for any query or comments plesase write mail
yashpatel.14,ce@iite.indusuni.ac.in
code is also embeded in the presentation.
it also include the video of the file follower robots run by this given code \
and in robocon
This document discusses C programming for the Atmega328P microcontroller. It outlines some merits and demerits of C programming for AVR microcontrollers, including that C programs can be ported between microcontrollers with minor modifications but C compilers do not always produce optimized hex files. It also lists some prominent AVR C compilers and describes common data types for AVR C programming. Finally, it provides examples of delay functions, input/output operations, logic operations, bitwise operations, and switch statements in AVR C programs.
Agriculture is demographically the broadest economic sector and plays a significant role in the overall economy of India. For the growth of Indian economy, mechanization is necessary. The main purpose of mechanization in agriculture is to improve the overall productivity and production. Planting is conventionally done manually which involves both animate (humans and draught animals), this result in higher cost of cultivation and delay in planting.
This document discusses interfacing an OV7670 camera module with an Arduino board. It provides an overview of the hardware used, including details of the Arduino board specifications and the camera module. It then describes how the camera module connects to the Arduino via its pins and communicates over the Serial Camera Control Bus protocol. The document explains that the Arduino software IDE makes it easy to write code to capture and process images from the camera module.
This document provides an introduction to Arduino and Arduino programming language. It defines Arduino as an open-source prototyping platform based on microcontrollers and an easy-to-use IDE. Key aspects covered include how to set up the Arduino environment, select a board and port, and understand the basic structure of an Arduino program using setup() and loop() functions. Examples demonstrated include blinking an LED, reading serial data, and creating infinite loops. The document aims to explain the basics of Arduino for beginners.
The document discusses assembler programming for the Atmega328P microcontroller. It describes how to store fixed data in flash memory using the DB and DW directives and how to determine word and byte addresses. It also explains the HIGH() and LOW() functions, which return the high and low bytes of a 16-bit value and are used to initialize the Z register before loading data from flash memory. Arithmetic and logical expressions that can be used in assembler programming are also presented.
This document discusses assembler programming for the Atmega328P microcontroller. It begins by explaining the language options for programming the microcontroller, including higher-level languages like C/C++ and assembly language. It describes why learning assembly language is important, particularly for understanding the microcontroller's architecture and writing optimized code. The facilities needed for assembly language programming are outlined, including a text editor, assembler, debugger/simulator, and programmer. An overview of the Atmega328P's instruction set is provided, including classifications and addressing modes. Examples of several common instructions like LDI, ADD, MOV, COM, and JMP are described.
A line follower robot detects and follows a line on the floor using sensors. It uses a microcontroller like the AT89S52 to process sensor input and control motors to stay on the line. The hardware includes a power supply, sensors, motors, and other components. An embedded system combines both hardware and software to perform tasks. Line follower robots are used in manufacturing for transporting items between processes.
The document discusses timers and counters in the Atmega328 microcontroller. It describes the three timers: Timer/Counter0 is 8-bit, Timer/Counter1 is 16-bit, and Timer/Counter2 is 8-bit. Timers can be used for time delays, event counting, or PWM signal generation. Timer/Counter1 has additional features like 16-bit PWM and input capture. Modes like normal mode and CTC mode are described for Timer/Counter1. Example C code is provided to set up Timer1 for delays and interrupts. Calculations for delays using Timer1 in different modes are also demonstrated.
The document introduces Arduino pins and their functions. It describes the different types of signals and then discusses the ATmega328p microcontroller used in Arduino boards. It details the various pin types on Arduino boards including power pins, analog input pins, digital I/O pins, Tx/Rx pins for serial communication, and special function pins. The pin functions described include power regulation, analog to digital conversion, digital input/output, serial data transmission/reception, and resetting the microcontroller.
This document provides information about what a report is and how to write an effective report. It defines a report as a formal document written to convey information to others. The objectives of reports are to record information, assist in decision making, and meet legal or other requirements. An effective report is precise, factual, relevant, reader-centric, objective, simple, brief, well-organized, comprehensible, and uses proper grammar. Reports can be oral or written, informal or formal. They include informational reports, analytical reports, routine reports, and special reports. A formal report follows a standard structure including an opening section, body, and closing section.
Line following is one of the most important aspects of Robotics. A Line Follower Robot is an autonomous robot which is able to follow either a black or white line that is drawn on the surface consisting of a contrasting color. It is designed to move automatically and follow the made plot line. The path can be visible like a black line on a white surface or it can be invisible like a magnetic field. It will move in a particular direction Specified by the user and avoids the obstacle which is coming in the path. Autonomous Intelligent Robots are robot that can perform desired tasks in unstructured environments without continuous human guidance. It is an integrated design from the knowledge of Mechanical, Electrical, and Computer Engineering. LDR sensors based line follower robot design and Fabrication procedure which always direct along the black mark on the white surface. The robot uses several sensors to identify the line thus assisting the bot to stay on the track. The robot is driven by DC motors to control the movements of the wheels.
The document discusses the components, working principle, and programming of a line following robot. It contains the following key points:
1. A line following robot uses IR sensors to sense a black line on a white surface and maneuvers itself to stay on the line by constantly correcting its position.
2. The main components are an Arduino microcontroller, IR sensors to detect the line, and motors controlled by an L298N motor driver.
3. The IR sensors detect the line and send signals to the Arduino, which determines if the robot needs to turn left, right, or go straight to stay centered on the line.
The document describes a line following robot with obstacle detection capabilities. It uses a PIC microcontroller, IR sensors, motors and other components. The robot follows a black line but can detect and stop for objects in its path, then continue once the object is removed. It has applications in automated delivery systems, factories and tours. The hardware and software work together to sense the line and navigate corners while avoiding obstacles.
This document describes a line following robot project created by students at the Shri Govindram Seksaria Institute of Technology and Science Indore. The robot uses 3 IR sensor pairs and 2 motors to follow a black line on a white surface. It works by using the IR sensors to detect the line and send signals to the motor control circuitry, which instructs the motors to move the robot forward or turn as needed to stay on the line. The document discusses the components, working model, block diagram, applications and conclusions of the project. It proposes areas for future work, such as using a microcontroller and color sensors to add obstacle avoidance and other capabilities to the robot.
The document presents a line following robot project that uses an Arduino UNO microcontroller board. The robot follows a black line on a white floor using an array of infrared transmitters and receivers. The Arduino UNO controls two motor drivers that power the robot's motors to move forward when on the line based on sensor feedback. Potential applications of this type of line following robot include industrial material transport, automated vehicles, floor cleaning, and path guidance. The project aims to create a simple robot that can autonomously navigate using a line on the ground as a guide.
The document describes the design of a line-following robot. It discusses the key components needed which include sensors to detect the line, a microcontroller to process sensor input and control motors, and DC motors powered by an H-bridge circuit to drive the wheels. It also outlines an algorithm for the robot to follow the line and make turns depending on which sensor detects the line. Potential applications are mentioned as well as some limitations of the current design.
This document describes the components, working principle, and applications of a line follower robot. The main components are IR sensors to detect a line, a microcontroller to process sensor input and control motors, an H-bridge motor driver IC to drive the motors in both directions, and a voltage regulator. The IR sensors detect the line and send a signal to the microcontroller. The microcontroller then controls the motor driver IC to drive the motors forward or turn to follow the line. Potential applications include delivering mail or medications by following lines on the floor.
This document summarizes a maze solving robot project. It includes 3 components: an 8051 microcontroller, IR sensors, and an L293D motor driver IC. It works by using the IR sensors to detect lines on the ground and the microcontroller directs the motors to follow the line through the motor driver. Programming for the 8051 allows it to follow different line patterns by interpreting sensor input and controlling the motors accordingly. Potential applications are automated delivery vehicles in hospitals, factories, museums, and offices.
A line follower robot is designed to follow a predetermined path marked by a physical line or other markers. Various sensing schemes can detect these markers, ranging from simple low-cost line sensors to complex vision systems. Line follower robots are commonly used in manufacturing plants to move along specified paths and pick up and place components. They work by using sensors to detect the line path and feedback mechanisms to stay on course while correcting deviations.
The document describes how to build a maze follower robot using Arduino, IR sensors, and a motor driver. The robot uses 4 IR sensors - two to follow lines and two more to detect intersections and choose a path. It can identify straight paths, left turns, right turns, intersections, and dead ends. The robot follows a left-hand or right-hand wall tracking algorithm to navigate the maze and reverse direction when it reaches a dead end. Components include an Arduino, IR sensors, motor driver, battery, and wheels. The circuit is assembled on a breadboard and code is used to control motor direction and speed based on sensor input.
This document is an obstacle avoiding car project report submitted by three students - Utkarsh Bingewar, Shubham Thakur, and Rupesh Rote - to partially fulfill their project requirements for a bachelor's degree in electronics and telecommunications engineering. The report describes the design and implementation of a robotic vehicle that uses an ultrasonic sensor and microcontroller to detect and avoid obstacles in its path by controlling two DC motors through a motor driver. Experimental results show the car is able to successfully detect and navigate around obstacles.
This document summarizes a line follower robot project submitted for a bachelor's degree. The robot uses infrared sensors to follow a black line on a white surface or vice versa. An AT89C51 microcontroller controls two DC motors based on sensor input to move the robot forward, left, or right. The block diagram and circuit diagram show how the infrared sensor array, microcontroller, motor driver, and motors are connected. Potential applications include maze solving, pick-and-place automation, material placement, and obstacle avoidance.
Automatic railway gate control using arduino unoselvalakshmi24
This document describes an automatic railway gate control system using Arduino Uno. The system uses IR sensors to detect the arrival and departure of trains. When a train is detected, the system closes the railway gate automatically using servo or DC motors controlled by the Arduino. Buzzers notify people trying to cross the gate that it is closing. The system aims to prevent accidents at unmanned railway crossings by automating gate operation instead of manual control. The hardware components include an Arduino Uno, IR sensors, motors, buzzers and more. The system is programmed using Arduino C code.
This document describes the design of a line-following robot that uses an ATMega8 microcontroller. The robot uses IR sensors to detect a black or white line and follow it, taking turns automatically. It includes IR sensors, a comparator IC, motor driver IC, DC motors, and a microcontroller board to process sensor input and control the motors accordingly to follow the line. The robot is able to detect the line with the IR sensors, send the sensor signals to the microcontroller via comparators, and have the microcontroller turn the appropriate motor on or off to steer the robot along the line.
Design and Construction of Line Following Robot using Arduinoijtsrd
Line following robot is an autonomous vehicle which detect black line to move over the white surface or bright surface. In this paper, the line following robot is constructed by using Arduino nano microcontroller as a main component and consists of three infrared IR sensors, four simple DC motors, four wheels and a PCB frame of robot chassis. The infrared sensors are used to sense the black line on white surface. When the infrared signal falls on the white surface, it gets reflected and it falls on the black surface, it is not reflected. In this system, four simple DC motors attached with four wheels are used to move the robot cars direction that is left, right and forward. The Arduino nano is used as a controller to control the speed of DC motors from the L2953D driver circuit. Khin Khin Saw | Lae Yin Mon ""Design and Construction of Line Following Robot using Arduino"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23977.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/23977/design-and-construction-of-line-following-robot-using-arduino/khin-khin-saw
This document describes a line tracking robot project created by two students. The robot uses infrared sensors to follow a black line on a white surface. It is powered by an Arduino UNO microcontroller and uses an L298N motor driver and DC motors. The future plans are to add a GSM module to monitor the robot's functions remotely. The conclusion states that line tracking robots have applications in industries for transporting goods automatically and accurately.
This document describes an Arduino-based obstacle avoiding robotic car. The car uses an ultrasonic sensor to detect obstacles and a micro servo to allow the sensor to scan the environment. It includes a motor shield and DC motors to control movement. The Arduino board processes sensor readings and sends signals to move around obstacles. Components are powered by a 9V battery. The goal is to autonomously navigate environments without human intervention.
The document discusses the design of a line following robot, including the components needed such as sensors, a microcontroller, motor drivers and motors. It describes how the robot uses sensor input to determine its position relative to a dark line and control its motors to follow the line while avoiding obstacles. Potential applications are discussed as well as limitations and areas for improvement in the design.
This slide was made for partial fulfillment of engineering project by students of the department of electrical and electronics engineering Kathmandu University, Nepal.
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This document provides an overview and demonstration of a submarine. It introduces the contents which include an introduction, overview, why submarines are useful, and how they operate. The overview section defines submarines as ships that travel underwater and were developed for defensive naval purposes. It also notes that submarines are now a necessity for naval defense.
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The document describes a student project called Safe House that focuses on microcontrolling and electronics for safety and security. It presents four systems they are working on: a laser security alarm, wire trip alarm, fire alarm system, and door proximity alarm. For the laser alarm, it details the main components of a laser pointer, photocell, and LM741 chip and includes circuit diagrams. It also provides descriptions of the materials and functioning of the wire trip alarm, fire alarm system using an Arduino, temperature sensor, and LEDs/buzzer, and door proximity alarm using an ultrasonic sensor. Videos are demonstrated for the laser security system and wire trip alarm.
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Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
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People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
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Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
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Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
3. Introduction
• What is a line follower?
Line follower is a machine that can follow a
path. The path can be visible like a black line
on a white surface (or vice-versa) or it can be
invisible like a magnetic field.
• Concept of line follower
Its concept is related to light.We use the
behaviour of light at black and white surface in
building this robot.
4. Components
• Ardino UNO board:
This is the brain of this robot in which the
program is loaded to do the required
functioning and is interfaced with sensors and
the motor driver to make the system work as
required.
• Comparator:
This gets input from the sensor, compare it
with predefined voltage and send logic 1 to
microcontroller if there is detected a still
platform and logic 0 if edge of platform is there.
•
6. • IR TRANSMITTER ( EMITTING DIODE)
The IR LED emitting infrared light is put on in
the transmitting unit. IR or VISIBLE light is
emitted from the emitter This emitted light
strikes the surface and gets reflected back.
• IR RECEIVER (PHOTODETECTOR)
Used to detect the intensity of light reflected.
The corresponding analog voltage is induced
based on the intensity of reflected light, which
further compared by comparator and output
send as 0 or 1.
7.
8. • Voltage regulator :
It is an electrical regulator designed to
automatically maintain a constant voltage level.
• Motor driver:
It has two channels for driving two motors.Inbuilt
transistors for current amplification and separate
power pin for external power supply to motors.
• Wheels:
In it three wheels are employed, two at rear end
and one end at front. Rear wheels are attached
with the motors and control the steering of robot.
10. When a sensor is on the black line it reads 0
and when it is on the bright surface it reads
1.
In this project we are using two IR sensors
modules namely left sensor and right sensor.
When both left and right sensors senses white
than robot moves forward.
If left sensor comes on black line than robot turn
left side.
If right sensor sense black line than root turns
right until bot sensor comes on white surface.
If both sensor comes on black surface the robot
stops.
13. Modification and
Enhancements
The robot will automatically stop when an
obstacle is in front of it this will be done by
employing some more sensors to it.
It would also be capable of carrying some
load with it and placing it some where.
14. Applications
Application Advantages
Industrial automated
equipment carriers.
The robot must be
capable of following a
line.
Automated cars. Insensitive to
environment factors like
noise and lightning.
Tour guides in
museums and other
similar applications.
It should be capable of
taking various degrees
of turns.
Deliver medications in
a hospital.