The document presents a seminar on the design and development of an obstacle avoidance robot utilizing embedded systems, focusing on the implementation of infrared sensors and microcontrollers for obstacle detection and navigation. Key advantages include autonomous movement and ease of programming, while disadvantages involve limitations in range and control. The robot has potential applications in toys, military, and industrial settings, with suggestions for potential enhancements using wireless technology.

1. GALGOTIAS COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING &
TECHNOLOGY
In the partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of
BACHOLERS IN TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT AT
ELECTRONICS & INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING
SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON
OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE ROBOT
BASED ON
EMBEDDED SYESTEM
SUBMITTED BY :
SYED WASI ABBAS
B.TECH 3RD YEAR
(E.I. A)
ROLL NO. : 1209732903
SUPERVISED BY :
Mr. GULSHAN KR. DUBEY
Session : 2013-2014

2.  Introduction
 Design & Development of Obstacle
Avoidance Robot
 Study of Obstacle sensors
Working of microcontroller & Motors
 Advantages, Disadvantages & Applications
 Acknowledgement & References

3. The aim of this project to avoid any obstacle or object in front of robot and
automatically change its path.
If there is no objects or obstacles then robot continuously go forward. In this
project we are using IR sensor pair (infrared transmitter and infrared
receiver) .
When any object comes in front of robot then IR sensor detects its presence
and send signal to the microcontroller. Now the microcontroller controls the
movement of dc motors which are connected to microcontroller i.e. robot
change its path according to the presence and position of obstacles.

4. Design and
Development of
Obstacle
Avoidance Robot

7. Interfacing
circuit of
Robot

9. The obstacle senor is used to avoid the robot from the clash to
any external devices (or) that is like walls, any obstacle which
comes in its way. Here we are using the IR communications
.the transmitter and the receiver parts. The transmitter produces
the IR rays and they are received by the receiver section

11. Atmel
Dallas Semiconductor
Intel
Microchip
National Semiconductor
Texas Instruments

12. The name "H-Bridge" is derived from the actual shape of the
switching circuit which controls the motion of the motor. It is
also known as "Full Bridge". Basically there are four
switching elements in the H-Bridge as shown in the figure
below.

13. Direction P0.0 P0.1 P0.2 P0.3
Forward 1 0 1 0
Backward 0 1 0 1
Right 1 0 0 1
Left 0 0 1 0

14. An actuator which converts electrical signal into rotation

15. We all know that AC
motors are normally
constant speed motors.
Variable speed ac drives
uses very complex circuitry
because the ac motor
speed is varied by the
frequency variation and is
not quite easy.
Stepper motor gives
calculated angle of
rotation they take number
of steps in one revolution
they cannot be stopped in
between the step. Also
they are not constant
running motors their use
is limited to the area where
you want calculated steps
to be taken such as
printers, plotters, and
other similar applications.

16. Dc motors are widely used
in industry where wide
range of variable speed is
required.
High starting torque & easy
speed variations are some
of the other characteristics
of DC motors.

17. Advantages &
Disadvantages
of obstacle
avoidance robot

18.  Advantages :
 Whenever robot senses any obstacle automatically diverts its
position to left or right and follows the path without human
guidance.
 The programming of the microcontroller is easy.
 It is a low cost circuit.
 Disadvantages :
 It is time consuming project.
 It is use for short distance only.
 It is not recommended to keep the range very long because this
would cause the ROBOT to keep moving forward and
backward as it senses any obstacle, even far away from it.
 It is not in human control

19. Obstacle sensing robot can be applied at the toys
where small children will play.
It can used for the army application.
We can apply number pairs of IR pairs for the safe
direction control of the robot.
In Mines.

20. We can extend this project with wireless technology by
IR (or) RF.
This robot can be used for pick and place the required
object by giving directions to the robot but IR pair
should be replaced depending upon the application.
By doing extra things, it can be use in Army
application.

22. BOOKS:
1.The 8051 microcontroller & Embedded System
( Mazidi , Pearson Education ,III edition)
2.Mechatronics Principle and Applications
(Godfrey Onwobolu, Pearson Education)
3.Embedded System
( Rajkamal, Pearson Education, II edition)
4. .Introduction to Robotics
(Vikram Kapila, Pearson Education,IV Edition)

23. http://mechatronics.poly.edu
http://www.roboticswikipedia.com
http://www.mecatronicswikipedia.com
http://www.datasheets.com
http://www.J2RScientific.com
http://www.expresspcb.com
http://www.kiel51.com
http://www.8051microcontroller.com