The document discusses the concept and structure of an obstacle avoidance robot within the field of robotics, emphasizing its ability to navigate around obstacles autonomously using various components like IR sensors and microcontrollers. It highlights the robot's applications in industries and mentions potential improvements such as adding a camera. Additionally, it outlines the electrical and mechanical designs involved in building such a robot.

1. Obstacle
Avoidance Robot

2. What Is “Robotics” ?
 The word robotics is used to collectively
define a field in engineering that covers the
mimicking of various human characteristics.
 It must be able to perform certain tasks we
set for it.
 The desired task must be achieved within
some given limitations.
 It may be human controlled or automatic.

3. A Basic Structure Of Obstacle
Avoidance Robot

4. Why Robotics?
 Mobile robots perform various ways of
tasks to serve humans
 No human guidance is required
 This sort of project is very much useful in
the industries where the automated
supervision is required

5. What is ‘Obstacle avoidance’?
A Path Describing The Purpose Of This Type Robot

6. OUR ROBOT:-
 In this project our robot senses any obstacle
in its path, avoids it and resumes its running
 Involves the pre-computation of an
obstacle-free path which a controller guides
the robot

7. COMPONENTS:-
 IR Sensor(Transmitter and receiver)
 Microcontroller
 Driver IC
 Motor

8. Block diagram:-

9. Circuit Diagram:-

10. IR Sensor:-
About
 (IR) sensors based on reflected amplitude of
the surrounding objects
 Non-linear and depends on the reflectance
characteristics of the object surface
 IR sensors able to accurately measure
distances with reduced response times

11. IR Sensor:-
Types:
 ACTIVE INFRARED SENSORS
 Break Beam Sensors
 Reflectance Sensors

12. IR Transmitter and reciever:-
About:
 Mainly used to generate
IR signal
 Uses timer IC555 in astable
multivibrator mode
to generate square wave
 Continuous pulses of 50%
duty cycle of frequency 38 KHz

13. IR Sensor:-
Application:
 Widely used for distance measurement
purposes
 Surface feature detection
 Barcode decoding
 As a tracking system

14. Microcontroller(8051)

15. Microcontroller(8051):-
About:
 Single integrated circuit containing a processor
core, memory, and
programmable input/output peripherals
 Program memory in the form of NOR
flash or OTPROM is also often included on chip
 Microcontrollers are used in automatically
controlled products and devices
 Make it economical to digitally control even
more devices and processes

16. Driver(L293D):-
About:
 The L293D is a quadruple half H-bridge
bidirectional motor driver IC
 Can drive current of up to 600mA with
voltage range of 4.5 to 36 volts
 Drive small DC-Geared motors, bipolar
stepper motor

17. D.C Motor:-
 Stepper Motor
 D.C Geared Motor

18. D.C Geared Motor:
 Free running torque & current
are ideally zero
 Increased load implies,
increased torque, current
drawn & power consumption
 Power supplied by a motor
is the product of output
shaft’s rotational velocity &
torque
 Can run in both directions

19. Stepper motor:
 Used for measured rotation
 Can be held at a particular
position of the shaft
 Ideal for many
autonomous robots
requiring
higher precision

20. Single Coil Double Coil
Excitation Excitation

21. Obstacle Avoidance/Detection
Algorithm.
Case1: No obstacles(3 sensors are deactivated)

22. Case 2 :Obstacle detected on right side:

23. Case 3: Obstacle on the Left side

24. Case 4: Obstacle in front of the robot

25. ELECTRICAL DESIGN:-
 Wiring
 Layout
 Implementation transmitter circuit
 Power supply

26. Wiring and Implementation of
layout(PCB) transmitter

27. Power Supply System:
 Suitable power source is needed to run the
robots
 Mobile robots are most suitably powered by
batteries
 The weight and energy capacity of the
batteries may become the determinative
factor of its performance

28. MECHANICAL DESIGN:
 Design of chassis/body
 Alignment of circular wheels
 Fixing motors
 Screwing of PCB

29. Applications:-
 The modification of this logic has been
specially designed for vacuum cleaner.
 Just by making small changes in software this
system can be used for avoiding concealed
paths.
 With proper programming we can use it as a
weight lifter, auto parking assistance.

30. FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS & FUTURE
SCOPE :-
 Adding a Camera
 Use as a fire fighting
robot

31. References:-
www.google.co.in
www.wikipedia.com
www.fadooengineers.com
www.slideshare.com
www.mycollegeproject.com

32. Thank You
Presented by
Rahul Dey (09187016017)
Subham Bhattacharjee (09187016021)
Kaustabh Mallik (09187016025)
Subhankar Chatterjee (09187016022)
Anirban Chakraborty (09187016039)
Sourajit Chakraborty (09187016027)
Md. Mehran Abul (09187016029)
Chandrima Dutta (09187016037)
Souvik Brahmachari (09187016018)