The document provides an outline for hacking different systems including performing internet footprinting, hacking Windows systems, hacking Unix/Linux systems, and hacking networks. It discusses techniques for scanning systems, enumerating services and users, penetrating targets by exploiting services or escalating privileges, gaining interactive access, and maintaining influence. It provides examples of tools that can be used for reconnaissance, attacks, and privilege escalation on the different system types. The document also covers vulnerabilities in systems like SNMP, HTTP, TFTP, and routing protocols that can be exploited, and techniques for dealing with firewalls like port scanning and redirection.
This document discusses Linux network security and the xFirewall program. It provides an overview of Linux and its networking capabilities. It then describes iptables, the built-in Linux firewall, and xFirewall, a user-friendly frontend for iptables. xFirewall detects network attacks and logs unauthorized access based on allowed ports in its configuration file. The document shows nmap scan results for a system running xFirewall, demonstrating that it only allows connections to specified open ports and blocks other ports from being discovered.
This document is a presentation on hacking techniques given by Martin G. Nystrom from Cisco Systems. It outlines methods for footprinting targets on the internet, hacking Windows systems, hacking Unix/Linux systems, and hacking networks. For Windows, it discusses scanning, enumeration, penetration, privilege escalation, pillaging systems, gaining interactive access, and expanding influence. For Unix/Linux, it outlines discovering the landscape, enumerating systems, attacking remotely and locally, and gaining privileges beyond root. It also discusses vulnerabilities in networks and dealing with firewalls.
This document provides an introduction to Linux security. It covers turning off unnecessary servers and services, limiting access to needed servers using IPTables, updating the system regularly, and reading Linux log files. The document recommends keeping daemons and services disabled or bound to localhost when possible, using tools like netstat, IPTables, and log checking utilities to monitor open ports and system activity. It concludes with a question and answer section and recommends additional security resources.
The document describes how to install and use the Verax SNMP Simulator to simulate network devices. It includes instructions to install the simulator, extract SNMP data from physical devices, add simulated devices to the simulator, start the simulator, and add simulated devices to the Verax NMS.
This document provides an introduction and overview to using the BackTrack 4 penetration testing Linux distribution. It discusses the backgrounds of the presenters Jorge Orchilles and Peter Greko. It then outlines how to install and configure BackTrack, demonstrating some initial reconnaissance tools like nmap. It provides a sample penetration testing scenario, walking through information gathering, vulnerability scanning with Nessus and Nikto, gaining initial access via password cracking, and privilege escalation. The presentation emphasizes the importance of permission, documentation, and problem-solving to advance in a scenario.
I prepared it when i started learning linux at KBFS. It explains why linux is less prone to virus and what kind of viruses affect linux. (final edit pending)
The document provides an outline for hacking different systems including performing internet footprinting, hacking Windows systems, hacking Unix/Linux systems, and hacking networks. It discusses techniques for scanning systems, enumerating services and users, penetrating targets by exploiting services or escalating privileges, gaining interactive access, and maintaining influence. It provides examples of tools that can be used for reconnaissance, attacks, and privilege escalation on the different system types. The document also covers vulnerabilities in systems like SNMP, HTTP, TFTP, and routing protocols that can be exploited, and techniques for dealing with firewalls like port scanning and redirection.
This document discusses Linux network security and the xFirewall program. It provides an overview of Linux and its networking capabilities. It then describes iptables, the built-in Linux firewall, and xFirewall, a user-friendly frontend for iptables. xFirewall detects network attacks and logs unauthorized access based on allowed ports in its configuration file. The document shows nmap scan results for a system running xFirewall, demonstrating that it only allows connections to specified open ports and blocks other ports from being discovered.
This document is a presentation on hacking techniques given by Martin G. Nystrom from Cisco Systems. It outlines methods for footprinting targets on the internet, hacking Windows systems, hacking Unix/Linux systems, and hacking networks. For Windows, it discusses scanning, enumeration, penetration, privilege escalation, pillaging systems, gaining interactive access, and expanding influence. For Unix/Linux, it outlines discovering the landscape, enumerating systems, attacking remotely and locally, and gaining privileges beyond root. It also discusses vulnerabilities in networks and dealing with firewalls.
This document provides an introduction to Linux security. It covers turning off unnecessary servers and services, limiting access to needed servers using IPTables, updating the system regularly, and reading Linux log files. The document recommends keeping daemons and services disabled or bound to localhost when possible, using tools like netstat, IPTables, and log checking utilities to monitor open ports and system activity. It concludes with a question and answer section and recommends additional security resources.
The document describes how to install and use the Verax SNMP Simulator to simulate network devices. It includes instructions to install the simulator, extract SNMP data from physical devices, add simulated devices to the simulator, start the simulator, and add simulated devices to the Verax NMS.
This document provides an introduction and overview to using the BackTrack 4 penetration testing Linux distribution. It discusses the backgrounds of the presenters Jorge Orchilles and Peter Greko. It then outlines how to install and configure BackTrack, demonstrating some initial reconnaissance tools like nmap. It provides a sample penetration testing scenario, walking through information gathering, vulnerability scanning with Nessus and Nikto, gaining initial access via password cracking, and privilege escalation. The presentation emphasizes the importance of permission, documentation, and problem-solving to advance in a scenario.
I prepared it when i started learning linux at KBFS. It explains why linux is less prone to virus and what kind of viruses affect linux. (final edit pending)
This document provides instructions for installing and configuring Delta's ShutdownAgent software on a VMware ESX 4.1 server to enable shutdown of virtual machines when UPS battery levels are low or power fails. It describes downloading the software, extracting and installing it on the ESX server, configuring the firewall to allow SNMP traps, editing the Agent.ini configuration file to specify UPS and shutdown settings, and configuring the SNMP card to send traps to the ESX server.
The document discusses vulnerabilities in the Linux operating system and countermeasures to protect Linux systems from remote attacks. It describes how attackers can use tools like Nessus to discover vulnerabilities, deploy trojan programs, and create buffer overflows. It also provides recommendations for system administrators, including keeping systems updated with the latest patches, using rootkit detectors, and training users to avoid social engineering attacks.
Ethical hacking Chapter 7 - Enumeration - Eric VanderburgEric Vanderburg
This document discusses the process of enumeration in ethical hacking. Enumeration extracts information about network resources, user accounts, and operating systems. It describes tools for enumerating Microsoft systems like Nbtstat, Netview, and Net use, as well as tools for NetWare like Novell Client32 and Nessus. For *NIX systems, common enumeration tools are Finger and Nessus. The goal of enumeration is to gather useful information about targets without authorization in the scope of a security assessment.
Conficker is a sophisticated worm that infects Windows machines. It spreads through vulnerabilities and installs itself covertly. It communicates through peer-to-peer connections and regularly updates itself by registering domains and checking for payloads signed with public keys. While currently dormant, it could receive instructions to install additional malware or conduct other harmful activities. Users should keep Windows and security software up to date, check for signs of infection, and use removal tools to diagnose and protect against Conficker.
This document outlines steps to secure a Linux server running Ubuntu, including changing passwords, updating the system, installing fail2ban to block login attempts, creating a user account with SSH key-based authentication only, setting up a firewall with ufw, enabling automatic security updates, and installing logwatch to monitor logs. Additional steps mentioned include configuring two-factor authentication for SSH, securing databases, blocking brute force attacks, auditing for rootkits, and preventing IP spoofing.
Conficker is a type of malware that spreads via weak passwords on networks and infected thumb drives. It infects computers and then uses those machines as part of a botnet to carry out malicious activities under the control of bot herders. Conficker employs techniques like fast flux domain names and daily polling of many randomly generated domains to avoid detection and receive commands from its operators.
The document discusses various techniques for hacking systems, including password cracking, privilege escalation, executing applications remotely, and using keyloggers and spyware. It provides an overview of tools that can perform functions like password cracking, sniffing network traffic, capturing credentials, escalating privileges, executing code remotely, and logging keystrokes covertly. Countermeasures to these techniques, like disabling LM hashes, changing passwords regularly, and using antivirus software, are also covered.
A scenario on basic incident response and showing how Microsoft uses a service that automatically creates a Man in the Middle incident. It also covers an overview on some inherent tools and how to use them for security operations
The document summarizes hacking techniques used by hackers:
1) Hackers perform reconnaissance like scanning public information, networks, and systems to find vulnerabilities.
2) This allows them to gain initial access, often by exploiting configuration or software errors.
3) They then use this initial access to get further system privileges or access additional machines.
This document provides an overview of security features in UNIX and Linux operating systems. It discusses permissions, access control lists, mandatory access control, password hashing, system patching, sandboxing users and services, and other security concepts. The document aims to educate readers on basic and advanced security techniques available in UNIX/Linux to protect systems from threats.
The document discusses various attacks that are possible against the AoE (ATA over Ethernet) storage protocol due to its lack of authentication and security features. Some key attacks mentioned include replay attacks, unauthenticated disk access by reading and writing directly to disks, creating an AoE proxy to reroute traffic, and denial of service attacks. The document warns that AoE deployments could be vulnerable if not properly segmented from untrusted networks.
This document provides instructions for installing Snort 2.8.5 and Snort Report 1.3.1 on an Ubuntu 8.04 LTS system to monitor network traffic and view intrusion detection alerts. It outlines downloading and installing the Ubuntu operating system, Snort Report dependencies like MySQL and PHP, compiling and configuring Snort from source, and basic network topology. Installing all components results in an intrusion detection system that sniffs traffic on one network interface and allows administration and alert viewing on another.
Shellshock is a vulnerability in Bash that allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands on vulnerable systems. It was discovered in September 2014 and affected many Linux and Unix-based systems. The bug allows environment variables passed to Bash to execute code, potentially allowing remote code execution. This could enable large-scale DDoS attacks and access to sensitive systems.
The document summarizes information about the Conficker computer worm, including how it spreads through vulnerabilities in unpatched Windows systems and removable drives, symptoms of infection, and how to protect systems by keeping antivirus software and Windows updates current and using strong passwords. It also describes an Indian company that claims its security software can detect and eliminate Conficker infections.
Database firewall is a useful tool that monitor databases to identify and protect against database specific attacks that mostly seek to access sensitive information stored in the databases. However the commercial database firewalls are expensive and needs specific product knowledge, while the opensource database firewalls are designed for specific opensource database servers.
In order to fulfill the need of inexpensive database firewall, Snort - an opensource IDS/IPS - is possible to achieve the goal in some scenarios with familiar rule writing. The paper will explain the limitation of Snort as a database firewall, constraints in commercial database statement and some example implementation.
The document discusses the Meterpreter payload and its advantages over traditional command shells. Meterpreter runs by injecting itself into vulnerable processes, allowing it to avoid detection. It has a full command shell and extensions that allow flexible post-exploitation activities like privilege escalation and maintaining stealth. Meterpreter commands demonstrated include keylogging, packet sniffing, and modifying file timestamps to evade forensic analysis.
MacOS forensics and anti-forensics (DC Lviv 2019) presentationOlehLevytskyi1
MacOS forensics and anti-forensics (DC Lviv 2019) presentation. Prepared specially for DC38032. Prepared by Oleh Levytskyi (https://twitter.com/LeOleg97)
Shellshock is a 25-year-old vulnerability in the widely used Bash shell. It allows remote execution of commands via specially crafted environment variables. The bug has a severity score of 10 out of 10 due to its low complexity to exploit, lack of authentication needed, and ability to give full control of vulnerable systems. It affects many systems running Linux, embedded devices, and Internet of Things devices. While patches were quickly released, many older and forgotten systems will remain unpatched and vulnerable indefinitely.
This document provides a high-level overview of how Kerberos authentication works. It explains that Kerberos uses a trusted third party called the Key Distribution Center (KDC) to mediate authentication between users and services. The KDC distributes session keys to allow communication and verifies users' identities through cryptographic operations. It also describes how Kerberos implements single sign-on through the use of ticket-granting tickets obtained from the KDC. Some advantages of Kerberos include strong authentication without sending passwords over the network and more convenient single sign-on for users.
This document discusses biometrics and biometric encryption. It begins with an introduction to biometrics and biometric principles and standards. It then discusses different methods to securely store cryptographic keys using biometrics, including biometric encryption. The document compares userID-based keys to biometric-based keys. It also covers advantages and threats of biometric systems, as well applications of biometric systems. In conclusion, the document provides an overview of biometrics and biometric encryption.
This document provides instructions for installing and configuring Delta's ShutdownAgent software on a VMware ESX 4.1 server to enable shutdown of virtual machines when UPS battery levels are low or power fails. It describes downloading the software, extracting and installing it on the ESX server, configuring the firewall to allow SNMP traps, editing the Agent.ini configuration file to specify UPS and shutdown settings, and configuring the SNMP card to send traps to the ESX server.
The document discusses vulnerabilities in the Linux operating system and countermeasures to protect Linux systems from remote attacks. It describes how attackers can use tools like Nessus to discover vulnerabilities, deploy trojan programs, and create buffer overflows. It also provides recommendations for system administrators, including keeping systems updated with the latest patches, using rootkit detectors, and training users to avoid social engineering attacks.
Ethical hacking Chapter 7 - Enumeration - Eric VanderburgEric Vanderburg
This document discusses the process of enumeration in ethical hacking. Enumeration extracts information about network resources, user accounts, and operating systems. It describes tools for enumerating Microsoft systems like Nbtstat, Netview, and Net use, as well as tools for NetWare like Novell Client32 and Nessus. For *NIX systems, common enumeration tools are Finger and Nessus. The goal of enumeration is to gather useful information about targets without authorization in the scope of a security assessment.
Conficker is a sophisticated worm that infects Windows machines. It spreads through vulnerabilities and installs itself covertly. It communicates through peer-to-peer connections and regularly updates itself by registering domains and checking for payloads signed with public keys. While currently dormant, it could receive instructions to install additional malware or conduct other harmful activities. Users should keep Windows and security software up to date, check for signs of infection, and use removal tools to diagnose and protect against Conficker.
This document outlines steps to secure a Linux server running Ubuntu, including changing passwords, updating the system, installing fail2ban to block login attempts, creating a user account with SSH key-based authentication only, setting up a firewall with ufw, enabling automatic security updates, and installing logwatch to monitor logs. Additional steps mentioned include configuring two-factor authentication for SSH, securing databases, blocking brute force attacks, auditing for rootkits, and preventing IP spoofing.
Conficker is a type of malware that spreads via weak passwords on networks and infected thumb drives. It infects computers and then uses those machines as part of a botnet to carry out malicious activities under the control of bot herders. Conficker employs techniques like fast flux domain names and daily polling of many randomly generated domains to avoid detection and receive commands from its operators.
The document discusses various techniques for hacking systems, including password cracking, privilege escalation, executing applications remotely, and using keyloggers and spyware. It provides an overview of tools that can perform functions like password cracking, sniffing network traffic, capturing credentials, escalating privileges, executing code remotely, and logging keystrokes covertly. Countermeasures to these techniques, like disabling LM hashes, changing passwords regularly, and using antivirus software, are also covered.
A scenario on basic incident response and showing how Microsoft uses a service that automatically creates a Man in the Middle incident. It also covers an overview on some inherent tools and how to use them for security operations
The document summarizes hacking techniques used by hackers:
1) Hackers perform reconnaissance like scanning public information, networks, and systems to find vulnerabilities.
2) This allows them to gain initial access, often by exploiting configuration or software errors.
3) They then use this initial access to get further system privileges or access additional machines.
This document provides an overview of security features in UNIX and Linux operating systems. It discusses permissions, access control lists, mandatory access control, password hashing, system patching, sandboxing users and services, and other security concepts. The document aims to educate readers on basic and advanced security techniques available in UNIX/Linux to protect systems from threats.
The document discusses various attacks that are possible against the AoE (ATA over Ethernet) storage protocol due to its lack of authentication and security features. Some key attacks mentioned include replay attacks, unauthenticated disk access by reading and writing directly to disks, creating an AoE proxy to reroute traffic, and denial of service attacks. The document warns that AoE deployments could be vulnerable if not properly segmented from untrusted networks.
This document provides instructions for installing Snort 2.8.5 and Snort Report 1.3.1 on an Ubuntu 8.04 LTS system to monitor network traffic and view intrusion detection alerts. It outlines downloading and installing the Ubuntu operating system, Snort Report dependencies like MySQL and PHP, compiling and configuring Snort from source, and basic network topology. Installing all components results in an intrusion detection system that sniffs traffic on one network interface and allows administration and alert viewing on another.
Shellshock is a vulnerability in Bash that allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands on vulnerable systems. It was discovered in September 2014 and affected many Linux and Unix-based systems. The bug allows environment variables passed to Bash to execute code, potentially allowing remote code execution. This could enable large-scale DDoS attacks and access to sensitive systems.
The document summarizes information about the Conficker computer worm, including how it spreads through vulnerabilities in unpatched Windows systems and removable drives, symptoms of infection, and how to protect systems by keeping antivirus software and Windows updates current and using strong passwords. It also describes an Indian company that claims its security software can detect and eliminate Conficker infections.
Database firewall is a useful tool that monitor databases to identify and protect against database specific attacks that mostly seek to access sensitive information stored in the databases. However the commercial database firewalls are expensive and needs specific product knowledge, while the opensource database firewalls are designed for specific opensource database servers.
In order to fulfill the need of inexpensive database firewall, Snort - an opensource IDS/IPS - is possible to achieve the goal in some scenarios with familiar rule writing. The paper will explain the limitation of Snort as a database firewall, constraints in commercial database statement and some example implementation.
The document discusses the Meterpreter payload and its advantages over traditional command shells. Meterpreter runs by injecting itself into vulnerable processes, allowing it to avoid detection. It has a full command shell and extensions that allow flexible post-exploitation activities like privilege escalation and maintaining stealth. Meterpreter commands demonstrated include keylogging, packet sniffing, and modifying file timestamps to evade forensic analysis.
MacOS forensics and anti-forensics (DC Lviv 2019) presentationOlehLevytskyi1
MacOS forensics and anti-forensics (DC Lviv 2019) presentation. Prepared specially for DC38032. Prepared by Oleh Levytskyi (https://twitter.com/LeOleg97)
Shellshock is a 25-year-old vulnerability in the widely used Bash shell. It allows remote execution of commands via specially crafted environment variables. The bug has a severity score of 10 out of 10 due to its low complexity to exploit, lack of authentication needed, and ability to give full control of vulnerable systems. It affects many systems running Linux, embedded devices, and Internet of Things devices. While patches were quickly released, many older and forgotten systems will remain unpatched and vulnerable indefinitely.
This document provides a high-level overview of how Kerberos authentication works. It explains that Kerberos uses a trusted third party called the Key Distribution Center (KDC) to mediate authentication between users and services. The KDC distributes session keys to allow communication and verifies users' identities through cryptographic operations. It also describes how Kerberos implements single sign-on through the use of ticket-granting tickets obtained from the KDC. Some advantages of Kerberos include strong authentication without sending passwords over the network and more convenient single sign-on for users.
This document discusses biometrics and biometric encryption. It begins with an introduction to biometrics and biometric principles and standards. It then discusses different methods to securely store cryptographic keys using biometrics, including biometric encryption. The document compares userID-based keys to biometric-based keys. It also covers advantages and threats of biometric systems, as well applications of biometric systems. In conclusion, the document provides an overview of biometrics and biometric encryption.
This document discusses denial of service (DoS) attacks, including their history and types. It explains that a DoS attack is a malicious attempt to deny service to customers of a target site or network. The first major DoS attack was the 1988 Morris Worm, which infected 10% of internet computers and cost millions to clean up. Common types of DoS attacks are penetration attacks, eavesdropping, man-in-the-middle attacks, and flooding attacks, which overwhelm a target with traffic. While nothing can entirely prevent DoS attacks, defenses include firewalls, routers, switches, bandwidth limitations, and keeping systems patched. The document concludes that future DoS attacks may aim for broad destabilization rather
This document discusses denial of service (DoS) and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. It defines DoS as making a machine or network unavailable to its intended users. DDoS uses other computers to launch the attack. Methods of attack mentioned include ICMP floods, teardrop attacks, and reflected/spoofed attacks. Signs of an attack include slow network performance. The document provides tips for system administrators and users, such as contacting providers and following security best practices, to mitigate attacks.
The document discusses denial of service (DoS) and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. It defines DoS as an attack that renders a system unable to provide normal services by flooding it with traffic. DDoS uses multiple compromised systems to launch a coordinated DoS attack against one or more targets, multiplying the attack effectiveness. Attacks are classified by the system targeted (clients, routers, firewalls, servers), part of the system (hardware, OS, TCP/IP stack), and whether they exploit bugs or just overload resources. Common DDoS tools like Trinoo and TFN are mentioned. Protection from these large-scale attacks remains a challenge.
The document discusses why network security is important and outlines common security threats and network attacks. It notes that as networks have grown in size and importance, security compromises could have serious consequences. It describes various types of threats like hackers, crackers, viruses and malware that target network vulnerabilities. It also provides examples of reconnaissance attacks, denial of service attacks, and different strategies that can be used to mitigate security risks.
This document provides an overview of the Kerberos network authentication protocol. It discusses that Kerberos was developed at MIT to allow secure authentication over insecure networks. It provides a high-level overview of how Kerberos uses tickets and session keys to authenticate users and allow access to services without reentering passwords. The document also summarizes the Needham-Schroeder protocol that inspired part of Kerberos' design and discusses some applications and weaknesses of the Kerberos protocol.
A firewall is hardware or software that protects private networks and computers from unauthorized access. There are different types of firewalls including packet filtering, application-level gateways, and circuit-level gateways. Firewalls work by inspecting packets and determining whether to allow or block them based on rules. They can protect networks and devices from hackers, enforce security policies, and log internet activity while limiting exposure to threats. However, firewalls cannot protect against insider threats, new types of threats, or viruses. Firewall configurations should be tested to ensure they are properly blocking unauthorized traffic as intended.
The document defines biometrics as the automatic identification of a person based on physiological or behavioral characteristics. It lists different biometric characteristics including fingerprint, facial recognition, hand geometry, iris scan, and retina scan. It then describes several biometric recognition techniques such as fingerprint recognition, facial recognition, hand geometry, iris recognition, and retina recognition. Finally, it discusses applications of biometrics such as preventing unauthorized access, criminal identification, and improving security in areas like ATMs, cellphones, computers, automobiles, and airports.
Biometric Security advantages and disadvantagesPrabh Jeet
Biometrics refers to authentication techniques that rely on measurable physiological and individual characteristics to automatically verify identity. A biometric system uses behavioral or biological traits like fingerprints, iris scans, or voice to identify or verify individuals. Identification involves searching a biometric sample against a database of templates, while verification compares a sample to a single stored template. Biometrics are increasingly used for security applications like access control and transactions due to their convenience and effectiveness compared to traditional authentication methods.
Network security threats are increasing as more people and devices connect to networks. The document identifies ten major network security threats: viruses and worms, Trojan horses, spam, phishing, packet sniffers, maliciously coded websites, password attacks, hardware loss and data fragments, shared computers, and zombie computers/botnets. Each threat is described and potential solutions are provided, such as using security software to block viruses, encryption to prevent packet sniffing, and intrusion prevention systems to counter botnets. Network security managers face ongoing challenges due to the variety of threats and lack of solutions for some issues like password attacks.
Threats, Vulnerabilities & Security measures in LinuxAmitesh Bharti
This presentation is made for my college presentation of explaining "Threats, Vulnerabilities & Security measures in Linux' and also suggestion how you could enhance ur Linux OS security.
Modul 2 - Footprinting Scanning Enumeration.pptcemporku
This document discusses techniques for gathering intelligence about a target network or system prior to launching an attack. It covers the main steps of footprinting, scanning, and enumeration. Footprinting involves passive information gathering through tools like DNS queries, network queries, and WHOIS lookups. Scanning actively probes targets to identify live systems and map open ports, services, and operating systems using ping sweeps, port scans, and fingerprinting. Enumeration extracts further details about resources, users, groups, and shares once access is gained. The document provides an overview of various tools used at each stage and strategies for footprinting networks, scanning ports, and enumerating user information.
This document discusses techniques for gathering intelligence about a target network or system prior to launching an attack. It covers the main steps of footprinting, scanning, and enumeration. Footprinting involves passive information gathering through tools like DNS queries, network queries, and WHOIS lookups. Scanning actively probes targets to identify live systems and map open ports, services, and operating systems using ping sweeps, port scans, and fingerprinting. Enumeration extracts further details about resources, users, groups, and shares once access is gained. The document provides an overview of various tools used at each stage and strategies for footprinting networks, scanning ports, and enumerating user information.
The document discusses techniques for enumerating information from systems during the hacking process. It describes establishing null sessions to extract user names, shares, and other details without authentication. Tools like DumpSec, Netview, Nbtstat, GetAcct, and PS Tools are also covered as ways to enumerate users, groups, shares, permissions, and more from Windows and UNIX systems. The document also provides countermeasures like restricting null sessions and the anonymous user to protect against enumeration attacks.
Serão demonstradas diversas técnicas de ataque, tais como: Injeções de codigos,brute force, backdoors, root kits, exploits e várias outras maneiras para acessar e se manter indevidamente a servidores,em contra-partida são discutidas melhores praticas para se
evitar os tipos de ataques citados. (Palestra realizada no 3º Festival de Software livre em belo horizonte - FSLBH)
The document discusses various methods for hardening Linux security, including securing physical and remote access, addressing top vulnerabilities like weak passwords and open ports, implementing security policies, setting BIOS passwords, password protecting GRUB, choosing strong passwords, securing the root account, disabling console programs, using TCP wrappers, protecting against SYN floods, configuring SSH securely, hardening sysctl.conf settings, leveraging open source tools like Mod_Dosevasive, Fail2ban, Shorewall, and implementing security at the policy level with Shorewall.
The document summarizes various free security tools that can be used to gain experience with system and network security. It describes tools for port scanning (Nessus, Saint, Nmap), firewalls (TCP Wrappers, Portsentry), intrusion detection (Snort, Logcheck), and system administration (Sudo, Lsof, Crack). The document recommends using freeware tools to familiarize yourself with security issues before evaluating commercial vendor tools.
This document outlines top 10 ways to stop hackers from gaining access to servers, including securing email clients, restricting anonymous access, applying access control lists (ACLs) to system executables and directories, disabling unnecessary services, filtering ports, disabling NetBIOS, applying security templates, following the IIS5 security checklist, and applying relevant hotfixes from Microsoft. It provides specific configuration steps and examples for hardening security on Windows servers.
The document discusses how unprotected Windows file shares can expose systems to exploitation. Malicious software like the Klez worm, Nimda worm, and Sircam virus spread rapidly in 2001 by accessing unprotected shares. The document outlines techniques attackers use like scanning for systems with port 445 open and exploiting weak or null passwords. Examples of malware discussed are the W32/Deloder, GT-bot, and W32/Slackor worms which use these techniques to spread. The document recommends disabling unnecessary shares, using strong unique passwords, and keeping anti-virus software up to date to prevent exploitation.
This document provides a study cheat sheet for the CEH v9 certification. It includes definitions and explanations of various cybersecurity topics like subnet addressing, types of network attacks (teardrop, SMURF, FRAGGLE), TCP/UDP ports, malware types (bot, worm), and network protocols (NTP, DNS). It also provides summaries of NIST risk assessment methodology, Microsoft SDL practices, and wireless security protocols (WPA, WPA2, CCMP). Finally, it includes questions about tools (Nmap, Nikto, NetStumbler), OS exploits (WebGoat), and compliance requirements (PCI DSS).
Hacking Fundamentals - Jen Johnson , Miria Grunickamiable_indian
The document discusses the five phases of a hacking attack: reconnaissance, scanning, gaining access, maintaining access, and covering tracks. It provides details on various reconnaissance techniques like searching publicly available information, whois databases, and DNS records to learn about a target organization. Scanning involves probing open ports using techniques like port scanning, war dialing, and tracerouting to map out a network.
The document provides instructions on how to configure an SSH server on Linux, perform footprinting and reconnaissance, scanning tools and techniques, enumeration tools and techniques, password cracking techniques and tools, privilege escalation methods, and keylogging and hidden file techniques. It discusses active and passive footprinting, Nmap port scanning, NetBIOS and SNMP enumeration, Windows password hashes, the sticky keys method for privilege escalation, ActualSpy keylogging software, and hiding files using NTFS alternate data streams. Countermeasures for many of these techniques are also outlined.
Living off the land tactics involve attackers using only pre-installed software and tools on a system to carry out an attack without installing additional binaries. This allows attacks to be harder to detect and trace since it does not involve new files being placed on a system. Attackers make use of techniques like memory-only attacks, scripts hidden in locations like the registry rather than files, and abusing legitimate dual-use tools to blend in and carry out lateral movement, credential theft, and other objectives. Defending against these tactics requires advanced detection methods that can analyze behaviors rather than just files to identify potentially malicious activity and abuse of system tools.
The document discusses security in database systems. It covers topics like leaving the virtual machine network adapter in bridge mode, configuring Kali Linux for DNS spoofing attacks, modifying configuration files like etter.conf and etter.dns, scanning for hosts on the network, and initiating ARP poisoning and DNS spoofing attacks using Ettercap to redirect traffic to a malicious IP address. The document also provides information about the Optix Pro 1.3 trojan horse program and its ability to install backdoors and remotely control infected systems.
This document discusses various network attacks and their mitigations. It begins with a list of common attacks like TCP SYN flood, ICMP flood, ARP spoofing, Smurf attack, IP fragmentation, TCP hijacking, and reflector attacks. It then provides descriptions and usage instructions for tools used in attacks, including hping3, Scapy, Ettercap, and Wireshark. The document proceeds to explain each attack in more detail and provides potential prevention and mitigation techniques. It focuses on techniques like firewall configuration, SYN cookies, ICMP flood protection, private VLANs, filtering, encryption, and VPNs.
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, 3rd Edition, by Mark Ciampa
Knowledge and skills required for Network Administrators and Information Technology professionals to be aware of security vulnerabilities, to implement security measures, to analyze an existing network environment in consideration of known security threats or risks, to defend against attacks or viruses, and to ensure data privacy and integrity. Terminology and procedures for implementation and configuration of security, including access control, authorization, encryption, packet filters, firewalls, and Virtual Private Networks (VPNs).
CNIT 120: Network Security
http://samsclass.info/120/120_S09.shtml#lecture
Policy: http://samsclass.info/policy_use.htm
Many thanks to Sam Bowne for allowing to publish these presentations.
The document summarizes security advice for securing Windows networks. It discusses revealing hacker personas including automated attacks, targeted attacks, and the different skill levels of hackers from lame to sophisticated. It then discusses top security mistakes made and demonstrates how to secure Windows networks using features in Windows Server 2003 like group policy templates. Security improvements in Windows XP Service Pack 2 are also summarized, including network protection technologies like Windows Firewall and memory protection with Data Execution Prevention.
This document provides an overview of hacking and computer security. It defines hacking as intruding on someone else's information space for malicious purposes. It then discusses the brief history of hacking from the 1980s to present day. Next, it profiles some famous hackers throughout history and outlines the typical hacker attitude. The document concludes by describing basic hacking skills, the process of hacking, and common hacking tools and techniques such as port scanning and denial of service attacks.
This document provides an overview of hacking and computer security. It defines hacking as intruding on someone else's information space for malicious purposes. It then discusses the brief history of hacking from the 1980s to present day. Next, it profiles some famous hackers throughout history and outlines the typical hacker attitude. The document concludes by describing basic hacking skills, the process of hacking, and common hacking tools and techniques such as port scanning and denial of service attacks.
The document discusses network security concepts including attacks, defenses, encryption techniques, and intrusion detection systems. It defines various types of attacks like man-in-the-middle, denial of service, and SQL injection. It also describes defenses such as firewalls, intrusion detection/prevention systems, and virtual private networks. The document provides an overview of encryption standards like AES, hashing algorithms like SHA-1, and digital signatures. It also discusses public key infrastructure and techniques for securely accessing networks remotely.
This document discusses security issues related to electronic voting systems. It examines security threats to direct recording electronic (DRE) voting machines, such as vulnerabilities in the Diebold software and database. Issues with DRE systems include a lack of voter-verified paper audit trails and difficulties with auditing and verifiability. Security threats to internet voting are also analyzed, including denial of service attacks, malware infections, and spoofing attacks. The document proposes solutions such as using open-source software, voter-verified paper audit trails, encryption protocols, and digital signatures to address security problems with electronic voting systems.
The cloud computing paradigm is still evolving, but has recently gained tremendous momentum. However, security and privacy issues pose as the key roadblock to its fast adoption. In this paper we present security and privacy challenges that are exacerbated by the unique aspects of clouds and show how they're related to various delivery and deployment models. We discuss various approaches to address these challenges, existing solutions, and future work needed to provide a trustworthy cloud computing environment.
Proposed pricing model for cloud computingAdeel Javaid
Cloud computing is an emerging technology of business computing and it is becoming a development trend. The process of entering into the cloud is generally in the form of queue, so that each user needs to wait until the current user is being served. In the system, each Cloud Computing User (CCU) requests Cloud Computing Service Provider (CCSP) to use the resources, if CCU(cloud computing user) finds that the server is busy then the user has to wait till the current user completes the job which leads to more queue length and increased waiting time. So to solve this problem, it is the work of CCSP’s to provide service to users with less waiting time otherwise there is a chance that the user might be leaving from queue. CCSP’s can use multiple servers for reducing queue length and waiting time. In this paper, we have shown how the multiple servers can reduce the mean queue length and waiting time. Our approach is to treat a multiserver system as an M/M/m queuing model, such that a profit maximization model could be worked out.
This document provides an overview of wireless sensor network software architecture. It discusses the key components of WSNs including sensing units, processing units, power suppliers, and communication devices. It then examines various topics related to WSN software architecture, including network topologies, the IEEE 1451 standard for smart sensors, software architecture components like operating systems and middleware, services in sensor networks, and research challenges around security. The goal is to provide a reliable software architecture for WSNs to enable better performance and functionality.
This document uses a series of expanding circles to illustrate what earning a PhD involves. It explains that a PhD pushes at the boundaries of existing human knowledge through focused research and study, resulting in a new contribution, or "dent," that expands what is known. Obtaining a PhD gives one a deeper understanding and worldview compared to other degrees as it involves pushing into unknown areas at the edge of human knowledge.
This document provides advice for pursuing an academic career, including:
1) Typical paths involve graduate school, postdoc positions (optional), and progressing through the ranks of assistant, associate, and full professor while aiming for tenure.
2) The type of institution and department matters - aim for the best first job possible at a top research university or liberal arts college.
3) Assistant professor roles are extremely demanding, requiring constant proposals, teaching, service work, and developing a top reputation in your field for tenure. Passion for research makes the challenges worthwhile.
4) Strong letters of recommendation, publication record, and job talks are essential for obtaining interviews and positions. Postdoc positions can strengthen your application
The document provides secrets to success borrowed from athletics. It emphasizes that commitment, working hard towards clearly defined goals, and wanting to work hard are the most powerful predictors of success. It stresses establishing a routine for studying at the right time and place, avoiding negative self-talk, deciding what kind of student you want to be, training as you will perform, dealing with plateaus, breathing to relax the mind, using visualization, focusing on your own improvement rather than others, developing mental toughness, distinguishing problems from facts, setting high expectations, practicing even when unmotivated, monitoring progress, giving best effort, following instructions, and seeking help from teachers.
This document provides a summary of various health, fitness, and medical-related smartphone apps. It describes apps that provide symptom checking, medication information, medical calculators, fitness tracking, nutrition/diet tools, chronic disease management, emergency assistance, and more. Many apps are free to download and use mobile-friendly websites. The apps cover a wide range of healthcare needs from general health to specific conditions.
This document provides an overview of SharePoint 2010. It discusses that SharePoint is a platform rather than a program and describes its key features like sites, communities, content management, search capabilities, insights, composites, and security permissions including read, contribute, and full control. It also mentions SharePoint web parts, column/view permissions, Active Directory management, and the licensing options of SharePoint Foundation 2010, SharePoint Server 2010 Standard, and SharePoint Server 2010 Enterprise.
This document discusses project management and provides tools to help manage projects effectively. It outlines the basic project lifecycle of initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing. However, the most important phases are initiating, planning, and closing, as this is where projects often go wrong. Some key tools discussed include using a clear project objective statement, tracking progress through milestones rather than percent completion, managing scope changes through a balance of time, cost, quality and scope, and producing a closure document to finalize the project. The overall message is that project management need not be burdensome if the right lightweight tools are applied to the critical phases.
Business continuity and disaster recoveryAdeel Javaid
The document discusses business continuity and disaster recovery plans. It describes how to conduct a business impact analysis to determine critical business processes and their recovery time objectives. It then discusses various disaster recovery strategies like hot sites, warm sites, and cold sites. The document also covers topics like defining recovery point objectives, classifying services, testing plans, and auditing business continuity plans.
This document discusses creativity, innovation, entrepreneurship, and intellectual property. It defines creativity as developing new ideas and discovering new ways of looking at problems. Innovation is applying creative solutions to problems to enrich people's lives. The document outlines barriers to creativity like fearing mistakes. It provides tips for enhancing creativity at the individual and organizational level, such as embracing diversity, encouraging curiosity, and rewarding creativity. Evaluation criteria for ideas and protecting intellectual property with patents, trademarks, and copyrights are also covered.
The document discusses cloud architecture and describes the different layers of cloud computing including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). It explains how virtualization allows for the pooling of computing resources and rapid provisioning of these resources. The document also discusses multi-tenancy and how a single software instance can be configured for multiple tenants' needs in a SaaS environment. As an example, it describes how a payroll processing application currently used by multiple government departments could be migrated to a cloud environment for improved maintenance and reduced costs.
This part provides a template for developing a marketing strategy for the smaller organization. The format is a workbook style with many forms to help provide a solid guide for executing the strategy concepts discussed earlier. A complete marketing strategy document will be in much more detail than provided by the forms and questions. You will want to refer to the text for a detailed discussion of the concepts before filling in the forms.
Toyota Motor Corporation's vehicle production system is a way of "making things" that is sometimes referred to as a "lean manufacturing system" or a "Just-in-Time (JIT) system," and has come to be well known and studied worldwide.
This document discusses the growing importance of channel marketing strategy. It notes that while product, price, and promotion strategies were previously emphasized, channel strategy (place) has been neglected. However, it is increasing in importance due to: (1) the need to find sustainable competitive advantages beyond just product and price; (2) the growing power and size of retailers; (3) the need to reduce distribution costs; (4) the role of new technologies; and (5) a new focus on growth over downsizing. Developing an effective channel strategy is critical for most businesses to satisfy customers and gain competitive advantages.
This document provides an overview of Toyota's production system (TPS), Just-in-Time (JIT) manufacturing, and lean manufacturing principles. It discusses the history and key figures in developing TPS, including Taiichi Ohno and Shigeo Shingo. The two pillars of TPS are described as Just-in-Time and Jidoka (autonomation). Methods for implementing lean such as heijunka level loading, kanban pull systems, reducing lot sizes and setup times to minimize waste are also summarized.
This document discusses cloud computing security and outlines key considerations for both cloud service providers and users. It describes the major cloud service models (SaaS, PaaS, IaaS) and deployment models (public, private, community, hybrid). The document then covers security pitfalls and responsibilities of providers versus users. Specific areas of focus include governance, compliance, data management, security, encryption, and access control. It emphasizes the importance of effective security controls and trust between providers and users for widespread adoption of cloud computing.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI modelsZilliz
Building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with open-source and custom AI models is a complex task. This talk explores the challenges in productionizing RAG systems, including retrieval performance, response synthesis, and evaluation. We’ll discuss how to leverage open-source models like text embeddings, language models, and custom fine-tuned models to enhance RAG performance. Additionally, we’ll cover how BentoML can help orchestrate and scale these AI components efficiently, ensuring seamless deployment and management of RAG systems in the cloud.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
2. Common platforms for attacks
Windows 98/Me/XP Home Edition
Linux, OpenBSD, Trinux, and other low-cost
forms of UNIX
3. Local and remote attacks
Local: Attacks performed with physical
access to the machine
Remote: Attacks launched over the
network
4. Why worry about local attacks on
workstations?
Hackers can collect more information
about a network and its users.
Hackers can obtain the administrator
password on a workstation, which can lead
to server access.
Spyware can be installed to gather more
sensitive information.
5. Common local attacks
Getting admin/root at the local machine
Windows
Workstation: Rename or delete
c:winntsystem32configSAM
Linux: at LILO prompt, type linux s
Cracking local passwords
L0phtcrack
(LC)
Removing hard drive to install in another box
Exploiting files or commands available upon login
C:Documents
and SettingsAll UsersStart MenuProgramsStartup
Registry commands, such as adding users
6. Cracking over the network:
A four-step program
1.
2.
3.
4.
Footprinting
Scanning and enumerating
Researching
Exploiting
11. Researching
Researching security sites and hacker sites can reveal
exploits that will work on the systems discovered during
scanning and enumerating.
http://www.securityfocus.com/
http://www.networkice.com/advice/Exploits/Ports
http://www.hackingexposed.com
http://www.ntsecurity.net/
http://www.insecure.org/
13. Countering hackers
Port scanning
Block all ports except those you need
Block ICMP if practical
NT: IPsec; Linux: iptables
Sniffing
Use switched media
Use encrypted protocols
Use fixed ARP entries
14. Countering hackers (cont.)
Null
sessions
Set the following registry value to 2
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurren
tControlSetControlLsaRestrictAnonymous]
Use
IDS
Snort
BlackICE
15. Identifying attacks
On Windows, check the event log under
Security.
On Linux, check in /var/log/.
Review IIS logs at
winntsystem32LogFiles.
Check Apache logs at /var/log/httpd.
16. Administrative shares:
Make life easier for system admins.
Can be exploited if a hacker knows the
right passwords.
Standard admin shares:
Admin$
IPC$
C$ (and any other drive in the box)
17. Control the target
Establish connection with target host.
Use Computer Management in MMC or
Regedit to change system settings.
Start Telnet session.
net use se-x-xipc$ /u:se-x-xadministrator
at se-x-x 12:08pm net start telnet
Turning off file sharing thwarts these
connections.
18. Counters to brute
force/dictionary attacks
Use good passwords.
Use account lockouts.
Limit services.
No dictionary words
Combination of alpha and numeric characters
At least eight-character length
If you don’t need, it turn it off.
Limit scope.
19. Buffer overflow
Cracker sends more data then the buffer can handle, at the
end of which is the code he or she wants executed.
Code
Allotted space
on stack
Code
Data sent
Stack smashed;
Egg may
be run.
21. Sniffing on local networks
On Ethernet without a switch, all traffic is
sent to all computers.
Computers with their NIC set to
promiscuous mode can see everything that
is sent on the wire.
Common protocols like FTP, HTTP, SMTP,
and POP3 are not encrypted, so you can
read the passwords as plain text.
23. ARP Spoofing
Hackers can use programs like
arpspoof to change the identify of a
host on the network and thus receive
traffic not intended for them.
24. ARP spoofing steps
1. Set your machine to forward packets:
Linux: echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward echo 1 >
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
BSD: sysctl -w net.inet.ip.forwarding=1
2. Start arpspoofing (using two terminal windows)
arpspoof -t 149.160.x.x 149.160.y.y
arpspoof -t 149.160.y.y 149.160.x.x
3. Start sniffing
ngrep host 149.160.x.x | less
OR
Dsniff | less
27. DoS
Denial of service attacks make it slow or
impossible for legitimate users to access
resources.
Consume resources
Drive space
Processor time
Consume Bandwidth
Smurf attack
DDoS
28. SYN flooding
Numerous SYN packets are transmitted,
thus tying up connections.
Spoofing IP prevents tracing back to
source.
29. Smurf attack
Ping requests are sent to the broadcast address of
a Subnet with a spoofed packet pretending to be
the target.
All the machines on the network respond by
sending replies to the target.
Someone on a 56K line can flood a server on a
T1 by using a network with a T3 as an amplifier.
Example command:
nemesis-icmp -I 8 -S 149.160.26.29 -D
149.160.31.255
30. Distributed denial of service
Use agents (zombies) on computers connected to
the Internet to flood targets.
Client
Master
Agent
Agent
Master
Agent
Target
Master
Agent
Agent
31. Common DDoS zombie tools:
Trinoo
TFN
Stacheldraht
Troj_Trinoo
Shaft
Sniff the network to detect them or use
ZombieZapper from Razor Team to put them
back in their graves.