Electricity is caused by the movement of tiny electric charges within objects. There are positive and negative charges. Charges build up when objects touch and one gains more of one type of charge than the other. This can cause static electricity. Electric current is the controlled flow of electric charges along a closed circuit, which must include a power source, path, and load. Circuits can be connected in series or parallel configurations.

1. How does electricity affects
our life ?

2. What’s inside an object?
 Inside any object there are small, tiny particles
called: electric charges
 Electric charges can have:
Positive charges (+)
Negative charges (-)

3. Charges Add up:
- When two objects touch, charges move from one
object to another.
{Negative charges moves faster than positive
charges}
A built up of charges:
- When something have more one kind of
charges than the other

4. Examples
 When a balloon is rubbed with a piece of wool cloth,
negative charges move from the wool to the balloon,
the balloon will have a built up of negative
charge & the wool will have a built up of positive
charge.

5. Static electricity
The build up of electrical charges on a body is
called: “Static electricity”

6.  Charges move:
It is the fast movement of charges
{When you move on a carpet, negative charges rub off the carpet onto
you, your body gets a built up of negative charges , the charges keep
building until you touch something, then they discharge to whatever
you touch & that’s why we feel a small shock}
Discharge

7. It is the discharge of static electricity during a
storm
{ Inside a storm cloud, ice & water droplets rub against one another, some
pick up positive charges & move to the top of the clouds; while others
pick up negative charges & move to the bottom, when the build up gets
large enough, the charges jump to the ground as lightening}
Lightening

8. Electric current
It is the flow of electric charges
{ To make an electric current, you need a path that
carry it, the path through which the electric current
flow is called: A circuit}

9. The electric circuit
- A circuit should consist of:
Power source Load Connector
Battery Lamp Wires

10. Light bulb Switch
Battery
Wires

11.  N.B:
- Some circuits have switches that turn the current
electricity on & off.
- The flow of electric charges through a circuit is
called: Current electricity

12. Closed circuit
 It is a circuit which doesn’t have any gaps; a
complete, unbroken circuit.

13. Open circuit
 A circuit with gaps is called: Open circuit &
current will not flow through it.

14. Types of circuits
Series circuit
In a series circuit, the electric
current flows in the same direction
along a single path.
The same current goes through
all the loads.

15. Series circuit

16. Parallel circuit
In a parallel circuit, the electric current
flows through more than one path; these
different paths are called: Branches.
-The branches of a parallel circuit
divide the electric current among
them.

17. Parallel circuit