1. Electrostatics involves electric charges at rest, which arise from the particles that make up atoms. Atoms have equal numbers of protons and electrons, giving them a net neutral charge. 2. Objects can become charged through friction, induction, or conduction. Friction charging involves the transfer of electrons between two objects in contact. Induction charging uses a charged object to polarize a neutral object without direct contact. 3. The amount and type of charge on an object depends on whether it has an excess or deficit of electrons compared to protons. Coulomb's law describes the relationship between charged objects based on their relative charges and distance.

1. ELECTROSTATICS
Submitted by: 21 Daphne Jaime
22 JulieneLegaspi
23 Karen Lustanas
24 AnjanelleMadlangsakay
IV- St. Angela

2. A. ELECTRO STATIC
“ELECTRICITY AT REST”
•Static electricity involves electric charges.
Electric charges arise from particles of atoms.
•The charges of these particles contribute to the
overall charge of any object that contains them.
•Molecules – made up of atoms
•Atoms – made up of positive and negative
charges

3. B.
Atoms have zero net
charge, because they have equal
number of electrons and neutrons.
Protons in the nucleus attract the
electrons and hold them in orbit.
Electrons are attracted to protons
but electrons repel other electrons.

4. C. KINDS OF CHARGES
•Positive charges-comes from having
more protons than electrons
•Negative charges-comes from having
more electrons than protons.
•Uncharged- Equal number of protons
and electrons

5. D.

6. E. FACTS
•Every atom has positively charge
nucleus surrounded by negatively
charge electrons.
•All electrons are identical; each have
the same mass and the same quantity
of negative as every other electron.

7. F. METHODS OF CHARGING
1. Charging by Friction
•Transfer of electrons between the two objects that are
rubbed together.
•Material losing electron is positively charged and material
gaining electron is negatively charged.
•Amount of gained and lost electron is equal to each other.
.

9. Triboelectric series
- The ordering of substances
according to their affinity for
electrons

10. 2. Charging by Induction
•Method used to charge an object without
actually touching the object to any other
charged object.
•The charged object is never touched to the object
being charged by induction.
•The charged object does not transfer electrons to or
receive electrons from the object being charged.
•The charged object serves to polarize the object being
charged.

12. Charging by Conduction
Charging by conduction involves the contact of
a charged object to a neutral object.
In contrast to induction, where the charged
object is brought near but never contacted to
the object being charged, conduction charging
involves making the physical connection of the
charged object to the neutral object. Because
charging by conduction involves contact, it is
often called charging by contact.

14. G. THE ELECTROSCOPE
. Illustrates induction.
.A device that is capable of detecting the presence of a charged object.
1. KINDS

15. LAW OF CHARGES
A.CHARLES A. COULOMB- relationship between attracting or repelling charged bodies.
B. Depends on 2 things:
1. Their charges
2. The distance between them
C. Laws of Charges
1. Unlike charges attract
2. Like charges repel
D. Charges can be created and destroyed, but only in positive-negative pairs
COULOMB’S LAW
A. Discovered by French Physicist Charles Coulomb in the 18th century.
B. Force F between two charged spheres is inversely proportional to the square of the distance d.
C. Force is directly proportional to the charges Q1 and Q2
D. FORMULA
•d is the distance between the charged particles
•Q1 and Q2 represents the quantity of charge of the particles.
•k is the proportionality constant.
•Unit of charge is called COULUMB (C)
•1 C is the charge of 6.24x1018 electrons.
• k is a very large number. Rounded off, it equals to 9.0x10 9N•m2/C2

16. CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS
A. CONDUCTORS
•Materials which contain movable charges that flow with minimal
resistance.
•Conduction- transfer of electrons from a charge object to another
by direct contact.
•Induction- movement of electrons to one part of an object by the
electric field of another object.
•The outermost electrons are loosely bound and are free to travel
around.
•When the conduction and valence bands overlap the atom is
a CONDUCTOR and allows the free movement of electrons
•EXAMPLES: Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Fe, Hg, bronze, dirty water

17. B. INSULATORS
•Material which few or no movable charges which flow
with extremely high resistance.
•The electrons are much more tightly bound to atoms
and are not free to flow.
•Polarization- electric charges can shift slightly to one
side when there is a change nearby
•When there is a large energy level gap between the
conduction and valence bands, the atom is
INSULATOR; it traps electrons.
• EXAMPLES: glass, rubber, oil, plastic, air, diamond,
pure water