Electricity affects our lives in many ways. It is the flow of electric charges through materials. Electric charges can be positive or negative, and opposite charges attract while like charges repel. Static electricity builds up when charges accumulate on objects. Electric current flows through circuits that contain a power source, conductor, and load. Circuits can be open or closed, and materials are classified as conductors, which allow current to flow, or insulators, which do not.

1. How does electricity affect
our life ?

2. What is matter?
 Matter is everything around us & it is made up of
very small particles called: Atom
Example:
Our school is made up of many buildings, buildings
are made up of many bricks together, so bricks are
the smallest building unit of our school.
Atom: Is the smallest building unit of matter

3. What’s inside an Atom?
 Inside any atom there are small, tiny particles
called: electric charges
 Electric charges can have:
Positive charges (+)
Negative charges (-)

4. Properties of electrical charges?
 Charges interact:
{Unlike charges attract}
Positive charge & negative charge attract
{Like charges repel}
Positive repel positive & negative repel negative

5. Examples
 Rubbing a balloon with a piece of wool cloth, & then
approaching it to another balloon.
{They will attract}
• Rubbing two balloons with a piece of wool &
approaching them to each others.
{ They will repel}

6. Charges Add up:
- When two objects touch, charges move from one
object to another.
{Negative charges moves faster than positive
charges}
A built up of charges:
- When something have more one kind of
charges than the other

7. Examples
 When a balloon is rubbed with a piece of wool cloth,
negative charges move from the wool to the balloon,
the balloon will have a built up of negative
charge & the wool will have a built up of positive
charge.

8. Static electricity
The build up of electrical charges on a body is
called: “Static electricity”

9.  Charges move:
It is the fast movement of charges
{When you move on a carpet, negative charges rub off the carpet onto
you, your body gets a built up of negative charges , the charges keep
building until you touch something, then they discharge to whatever
you touch & that’s why we feel a small shock}
Discharge

10. It is the discharge of static electricity during a
storm
{ Inside a storm cloud, ice & water droplets rub against one another, some
pick up positive charges & move to the top of the clouds; while others
pick up negative charges & move to the bottom, when the build up gets
large enough, the charges jump to the ground as lightening}
Lightening

11. Electric current
It is the flow of electric charges
{ To make an electric current, you need a path that
carry it, the path through which the electric current
flow is called: A circuit}

12. The electric circuit
- A circuit should consist of:
Power source Load Connector
Battery Lamp Wires

13. Light bulb Switch
Battery
Wires

14.  N.B:
- Some circuits have switches that turn the current
electricity on & off.
- The flow of electric charges through a circuit is
called: Current electricity

15. Closed circuit
 It is a circuit which doesn’t have any gaps; a
complete, unbroken circuit.

16. Open circuit
 A circuit with gaps is called: Open circuit &
current will not flow through it.

17. When it comes to the flow of
electric current, all materials
fall into three categories:
•insulators
•conductors

18. Insulator –
Any material that does not allow
electric current to pass through it
•plastic
•rubber
•glass
•cloth
•wood
•like the protective coating on wires

19. Insulators like plastic
and rubber are used
as a covering for
electric wires.
This makes electric
wires safer to handle
because the insulator
protects you from the
current.

20. Conductor –
•copper
•aluminum
•steel
•any metal
insulator conductor
Any material that allows electric
current to pass through it

21. Conductive
material (metal) is
used for wires that
will carry electricity.
insulator
conductor

22. Most electrical devices
have a switch in the
circuit to make it easy to
close (turn on) and
open (turn off) the
circuit.

23. Switch A tool to open and
close a circuit
switch

24. A circuit can also be
opened and closed by
touching two wires together.
Open circuit Closed circuit
No current can flow current can flow

25. A circuit can also be closed
by touching those two wires
to a conductor.
ed circuit
current can flow

26. Types of circuits
Series circuit
In a series circuit, the electric
current flows in the same direction
along a single path.
The same current goes through
all the loads.

27. Series circuit

28. Parallel circuit
In a parallel circuit, the electric current
flows through more than one path; these
different paths are called: Branches.
-The branches of a parallel circuit
divide the electric current among
them.

29. Parallel circuit