Electricity affects our lives in many ways. It is the flow of electric charges through a circuit. A circuit must be closed and contain a power source, such as a battery, connected to a load like a light bulb through a conducting material path. Circuits can be opened using a switch or by breaking the conducting path. Materials are classified as conductors, which allow electric current to flow, or insulators, which do not. Common conductors are metals, while plastics and rubber serve as insulators.

1. How does electricity affect
our life ?

2. What is matter?
 Matter is everything around us & it is made up of
very small particles called: Atom
Example:
Our school is made up of many buildings, buildings
are made up of many bricks together, so bricks are
the smallest building unit of our school.
Atom: Is the smallest building unit of matter

3. What’s inside an Atom?
 Inside any atom there are small, tiny particles
called: electric charges
 Electric charges can have:
Positive charges (+)
Negative charges (-)

4. Electric current
It is the flow of electric charges
{ To make an electric current, you need a path that
carry it, the path through which the electric current
flow is called: A circuit}

5. The electric circuit
- A circuit should consist of:
Power source Load Connector
Battery Lamp Wires

6. Light bulb Switch
Battery
Wires

7.  N.B:
- Some circuits have switches that turn the current
electricity on & off.
- The flow of electric charges through a circuit is
called: Current electricity

8. Closed circuit
 It is a circuit which doesn’t have any gaps; a
complete, unbroken circuit.

9. Open circuit
 A circuit with gaps is called: Open circuit &
current will not flow through it.

10. When it comes to the flow of
electric current, all materials
fall into three categories:
•insulators
•conductors

11. Insulator –
Any material that does not allow
electric current to pass through it
•plastic
•rubber
•glass
•cloth
•wood
•like the protective coating on wires

12. Insulators like plastic
and rubber are used
as a covering for
electric wires.
This makes electric
wires safer to handle
because the insulator
protects you from the
current.

13. Conductor –
•copper
•aluminum
•steel
•any metal
insulator conductor
Any material that allows electric
current to pass through it

14. Conductive
material (metal) is
used for wires that
will carry electricity.
insulator
conductor

15. Most electrical devices
have a switch in the
circuit to make it easy to
close (turn on) and
open (turn off) the
circuit.

16. Switch A tool to open and
close a circuit
switch

17. A circuit can also be
opened and closed by
touching two wires together.
Open circuit Closed circuit
No current can flow current can flow

18. A circuit can also be closed
by touching those two wires
to a conductor.
ed circuit
current can flow