A herniated disk occurs when the inner nucleus pulposus protrudes through damage to the outer annulus fibrosus. Common symptoms include low back pain radiating into the leg. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging like MRI, and sometimes electromyography. Treatment options include medications, physical therapy, spinal manipulation, injections, and possibly surgery if conservative options fail. Prevention focuses on education, proper lifting technique, exercise to strengthen the back, and maintaining a healthy weight.
As part of a class presentation, we attempted to make this to briefly explain what Torticollis meas, the Types of presentation of Torticollis, and Management strategies for a Physiotherapist for Congenital Torticollis especially.
I hope this helps. :)
The pictures and information had been taken from internet, complied to make a brief presentation for the purpose of class presentation.
I do not own any content.
As part of a class presentation, we attempted to make this to briefly explain what Torticollis meas, the Types of presentation of Torticollis, and Management strategies for a Physiotherapist for Congenital Torticollis especially.
I hope this helps. :)
The pictures and information had been taken from internet, complied to make a brief presentation for the purpose of class presentation.
I do not own any content.
Lumbar spinal canal stenosis is one of the difficult topic of spine. All the information are taken from Campbell's operative orthopedics Thirteen edition and from internet. I also took help from the lectures of renowned orthopedics professors of Bangladesh.
i prepared this presentation for our hospital monthly clinicopathological conference. our experience with TKR is not so vast but v are satisfied with what v have done till date.
Lumbar spinal canal stenosis is one of the difficult topic of spine. All the information are taken from Campbell's operative orthopedics Thirteen edition and from internet. I also took help from the lectures of renowned orthopedics professors of Bangladesh.
i prepared this presentation for our hospital monthly clinicopathological conference. our experience with TKR is not so vast but v are satisfied with what v have done till date.
What is structure of lumber disc? What is disc bulge/prolapse/herniation? What is difference between disc bulge, disc prolapse, disc herniation or disc extrusion? What is criteria to diagnose lumber disc prolapse? How lumber disc herniation is treated medically or surgically? How lumber disc herniation is treated by conservative method? How lumber disc herniation is treated through physical therapy? What is physiotherapy after various disc surgeries? What is radiological method to diagnose disc prolapse?
Herniated disk in the lower back agrasen hospital dr sandeep agrawal gondia v...Dr.Sandeep Agrawal Gondia
Back Pain
Back pain is often a common symptom of many disease conditions and the back pain may range from simple or dull pain to sudden and sharp pain. If the pain persists for few days, it is acute pain whereas if continues for more than 3 months, it is considered as chronic pain. In most cases, back pain may resolve without any treatment however if persists for more than 3 days, medical intervention is necessary.
Neck Pain
The first 7 vertebral bones on the spinal column form the cervical spine and are located in the neck region. The neck bears the weight of the head, allows significant amount of movement, and also less protected than other parts of spine. All these factors make the neck more susceptible to injury or other painful disorders. Common neck pain may occur from muscle strain or tension in everyday activities including poor posture, prolonged use of a computer and sleeping in an uncomfortable position.
Spinal Deformity Surgery
The Spine or backbone provides stability to the upper part of our body. It helps to hold the body upright. It consists of several irregularly shaped bones, called vertebrae appearing in a straight line. The spine has two gentle curves, when looked from the side and appears to be straight when viewed from the front. When these curves are exaggerated, pronounced problems can occur such as back pain, breathing difficulties and fatigue and the condition will be considered as deformity. Spine deformity can be defined as abnormality in the shape, curvature and flexibility of spine.
Spine Injections
Spine injection is a nonsurgical treatment modality recommended for treatment of chronic back pain. Injection of certain medicinal agents relieves the pain by blocking the nerve signals between specific areas of the body and the brain. The treatment approach involves injections of local anaesthetics, steroids, or narcotics into the affected soft tissues, joints, or nerve roots. It may also involve complex nerve blocks and spinal cord stimulation.
Spine Trauma
Spine trauma is damage to the spine caused from a sudden traumatic injury caused by an accidental fall or any other physical injury. Spinal injuries may occur while playing, performing normal activities, operating heavy machines, lifting heavy objects, driving automobiles, or when you suffer a fall. Injury to spine may cause various conditions including fractures, dislocation, partial misalignment (subluxation), disc compression (herniated disc), hematoma (accumulation of blood) and partial or complete tears of ligaments.
Vertebral Fractures
Vertebral compression fractures occur when the normal vertebral body of the spine is squeezed or compressed. The bone collapses when too much pressure is placed on the vertebrae, resulting in pain, limited mobility, loss of height, and spinal deformities. In severe compression fractures the vertebral body is pushed into the spinal canal which will apply pressure on the spinal cord and nerves.
This brief information booklet is for public awareness about the spine and backache. Although very few percent of patient require spine surgery but all patients of backache must consult the specialist, as soon as possible to avoid serious complications like Paralysis and loss of control over urine and stool. If required Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery should be undertaken. For which you may contact : 9810091720
Cervical Laminoplasty by Pablo Pazmino MDPablo Pazmino
This video explains Cervical Stenosis and Cervical Spondylosis/Arthritis. When stenosis begins to affect the spinal cord this is called Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy. This video highlights the history, epidemiology, and treatment options both conservative and surgical. If you or someone you know needs to be seen in regards to Cervical Stenosis/Arthritis for a Laminoplasty feel free to look us up online www.beverlyspine.com or www.santamonicaspine.com OR call toll free 1-8SPINECAL-1
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
We understand the unique challenges pickleball players face and are committed to helping you stay healthy and active. In this presentation, we’ll explore the three most common pickleball injuries and provide strategies for prevention and treatment.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
Navigating the Health Insurance Market_ Understanding Trends and Options.pdfEnterprise Wired
From navigating policy options to staying informed about industry trends, this comprehensive guide explores everything you need to know about the health insurance market.
10. After age 50 or 60, osteoarthritic degeneration
(spondylosis) or spinal stenosis are more likely
causes of low back pain or leg pain.
11.
12.
13. Then the disc does press on a nerve, symptoms
may include:
Pain that travels through the buttock and
down a leg to the ankle or foot because of
pressure on the sciatic nerve. Low back pain
(LUMBAGO) may accompany the leg pain.
17. Weakness in certain muscles in one or both legs.
Pain in the front of the thigh.
Severe deep muscle pain and muscle spasms.
18. Weakness in both legs and the loss of
bladder and/or bowel control are symptoms of
a specific and severe type of nerve root
compression called CAUDA EQUINA
SYNDROME.
19. If the herniated disc is in the lumbar region
the patient may also experience SCIATICA due
to irritation of one of the nerve roots of the sciatic
nerve.
20.
21.
22. -The lower back (lumbar area) of the spine
is the most common area affected by a
slipped disk.
-The neck (cervical area) disks are the
second most commonly affected area.
-The upper-to-mid-back (thoracic area)
disks are rarely involved.
23. 4.8% males and 2.5% females older than 35
experience sciatica during their lifetime.
Of all individuals, 60% to 80% experience back
pain during their lifetime.
In 14%, pain lasts more than 2 weeks.
Generally, males have a slightly higher incidence
than females.
25. The straight leg raise, also called Lasègue's
sign, Lasègue test or Lazarević's sign, is a test done
during the physical examination to determine whether
a patient with low back pain has an underlying
herniated disk, often located at L5 (fifth lumbar spinal
nerve).
26. TECHNIQUE
With the patient lying down on his or her back on
an examination table or exam floor, the examiner
lifts the patient's leg while the knee is straight.
A variation is to lift the leg while the patient is
sitting. However, this reduces the sensitivity of the
test.
27. In order to make this test more specific, the ankle
can be dorsiflexed and the cervical spine flexed.
This increases the stretching of the nerve root and
dura.
28. Lasègue's sign was named after Charles
Lasègue (1816-1883).In 1864 Lasègue described
the signs of developing low back pain while
straightening the knee when the leg has already
been lifted.
30. In 1880, Serbian doctor Laza Lazarević
described the straight leg raise test as it is used
today, so the sign is often named Lazarević's sign in
Serbia and some other countries.
37. Electromyogram and Nerve conduction studies
(EMG/NCS)
These tests measure the electrical impulse along
nerve roots, peripheral nerves, and muscle tissue.
38. This will indicate whether there is ongoing
nerve damage, if the nerves are in a state of healing
from a past injury, or whether there is another site of
nerve compression. EMG/NCS studies are typically
used to pinpoint the sources of nerve dysfunction
distal to the spine.
39. The presence and severity of myelopathy
(known as (acute) spinal cord injury) can be
evaluated by means of Transcranial Magnetic
Stimulation (TMS).
40. A neurophysiological method that allows the
measurement of the time required for a neural
impulse to cross the pyramidal tracts, starting from
the cerebral cortex and ending at the anterior horn
cells of the cervical, thoracic or lumbar spinal cord.
This measurement is called Central Conduction
Time (CCT).
41. MEDICATIONS
Acetaminophen (paracetamol)
NSAIDs
Muscle relaxants
If the pain is still not managed adequately,
short term use of opioids such as morphine
may be useful
42. Antidepressants may be effective for treating
chronic pain associated with symptoms of
depression, but they have a risk of side effects.
43. Antiseizure drugs gabapentin and
carbamazepine are sometimes used for chronic
low back pain and may relieve sciatic pain, there
is insufficient evidence to support their use.
44. NON-SURGICAL METHODS
Education on proper body mechanics
Physical therapy, to address mechanical
factors, and may include modalities to
temporarily relieve pain (i.e. traction, electrical
stimulation, massage)
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs)
45. Weight control
Spinal manipulation: Moderate quality evidence
suggests that spinal manipulation is more
effective than placebo for the treatment of acute
(less than 3 months duration) lumbar disc
herniation and acute sciatica.
46.
47. Contraindication: Spinal manipulation is
contraindicated for disc herniations when there are
progressive neurological deficits such as with cauda
equina syndrome.
50. SURGICAL METHODS
Discectomy (the partial removal of a disc that is
causing leg pain) can provide pain relief sooner than
nonsurgical treatments. Discectomy has better
outcomes at one year but not at four to ten years.
54. The presence of cauda equina syndrome (in
which there is incontinence, weakness and genital
numbness) is considered a medical emergency
requiring immediate attention and possibly Surgical
Decompression.
55.
56. PREVENTION
There are various causes for back injuries,
prevention must be comprehensive. Back injuries
are predominant in manual labor so the majority low
back pain prevention methods have been applied
primarily toward biomechanics. Prevention must
come from multiple sources such as education,
proper body mechanics, and physical fitness.
57.
58. EDUCATION
Education should emphasize not lifting
beyond one's capabilities and giving the body a rest
after strenuous effort. Over time, poor posture can
cause the IVD to tear or become damaged. Striving
to maintain proper posture and alignment will aid in
preventing disc degradation.
59. EXERCISE
Exercises that are used to enhance back
strength may also be used to prevent back injuries.
Back exercises include the prone press-ups, upper
back extension, transverse abdominus bracing, and
floor bridges.
60. Other preventative measures are to lose
weight and to not work oneself past fatigue. Signs of
fatigue include shaking, poor coordination, muscle
burning and loss of the transverse abdominal brace.
Heavy lifting should be done with the legs
performing the work, and not the back.
61. Swimming is a common tool used in strength
training. The usage of lumbar sacral support belts
may restrict movement at the spine and support the
back during lifting.