Hans Berger, a German psychiatrist, published the first paper on the human electroencephalogram (EEG) in 1924 after placing electrodes on the scalps of patients who had undergone brain surgery. An EEG detects and records the brain's electrical activity through electrodes attached to the scalp. It can help diagnose conditions like epilepsy, brain tumors, strokes, and sleep disorders. An EEG is a painless and safe test, but may cause minor scalp irritation in some cases. Proper preparation is important to get accurate results.

1. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY
Prepared by: Roxanne Mae Birador SN

2. HANS BERGER
a German psychiatrist (1924)
-published his first paper on the
human electroencephalogram in
1929.
-placing needle electrodes under
the scalp of patients who had lost
some of their skull bones in
surgery
With Chronic depression, he committed suicide by hanging himself, died at 68y/o

3. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM
procedure that detects electrical activity of
brain using small, flat metal discs
(electrodes) attached to the scalp

4. The brain cells communicate via electrical
impulses and are active all the time, even when
the patient is asleep.
16 to 20-25 electrodes are attach to the scalp

5. The activity of brain shows up as wavy
lines on an EEG recording.

6. It is a laboratory instrument commonly used to display and
analyze the waveform of electronic signals.
EEG OSCILLOSCOPE
previously called an oscillograph,and informally
known as a scope

7. FACTORS that may INTERFERE
the reading of EEG:
• Low blood sugar
(hypoglycemia) caused by
fasting
• Body or eye movement during
the tests (but this will rarely, if
ever, significantly interfere with
the interpretation of the test)

8. • Lights, especially bright or
flashing ones
• Certain medications, such as
sedatives
• Oily hair or the presence of hair
spray

9. • Drinks containing caffeine, such
as coffee, cola, and tea
(these drinks can occasionally alter
the EEG results, this almost never
interferes significantly with the
interpretation of the test)

10. TYPES OF ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY
Routine EEG Tests

11. Ambulatory EEG Tests

12. Sleep EEG Tests

13. Sleep-Deprived EEG Tests

14. EEG is one of the main diagnostic tests for EPILEPSY
If the patient are being evaluated for a sleep disorder,
the EEG may be performed while he is asleep.

15. Comatose patient
Dementia
INDICATIONS
Encephalitis

16. Stroke
Brain tumor
Brain Injury

17. NOTE:
An EEG can't measure intelligence
or detect mental illness.

18. RISKS
EEGs are safe and painless. Sometimes seizures are
intentionally triggered in people with epilepsy during
the test, but appropriate medical care is provided if
needed.

19. Scalp irritation/ redness may also occur

20. Is Electroencephalogram
can be also a
LIE-DETECTOR
TEST?

21. Year 1999, Dr. Lawrence Farwell conducts a Brain
Fingerprinting test (EEG TEST) on serial killer JB Grinder.
Convicted as a serial rapist and murderer

22. POLYGRAPH

23. PREPARATION
Wash hair night before or the
day of the test, but don't use
any conditioners, hair creams,
sprays or styling gels.
Hair products can make it
harder for the sticky patches
that hold the electrodes to
adhere to patient’s scalp.

24. Drugs which may interfere
with the EEG tracing, such
as tranquillisers,
stimulants and
anticonvulsants,
may be withheld for about
24 hours before the test.

25. Some dietary stimulants, such as tea and
coffee, may also be withheld for 8 to 12
hours before an EEG.

26. Avoid fasting the night before or the day of
the procedure. Low blood sugar may
influence the results.

27. If the EEG is to be performed during sleep;
ADULTS may not be allowed to sleep more
than 4 or 5 hours the night before the test
CHILDREN may not be allowed to sleep for
more than 5 to 7 hours the night before.

28. DURING THE TEST
A technician measures head and marks
scalp with a special pencil, to indicate where to
attach the electrodes.
A technician attaches flat metal discs
(electrodes) to your scalp using a special
adhesive. Sometimes, an elastic cap fitted with
electrodes is used instead.

29. Once the electrodes are in place, an EEG
typically takes up to 60 minutes. If the patient
need to sleep for the test, it may take up to three
hours.

30. At various times, the technician may ask the patient
to open and close his eyes, perform a few simple
calculations, read a paragraph, look at a picture,
breathe deeply (hyperventilate) for a few minutes,
or look at a flashing light.

31. Video is frequently recorded during the EEG.
The body motions are captured by a video
camera while the EEG simultaneously records
brain waves. This combined recording may help
the doctor diagnose and treat patient’s
condition.

32. REFERENCES:
http://www.mayoclinic.org/testsprocedures/eeg/basics/definition/prc-
20014093
http://www.nursingtimes.net/electroencephalography/206192.fullarticle
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/electroencephalography_eeg/page4_e
m.htm
http://www.discoveriesinmedicine.com/Com-En/Electroencephalogram-
EEG.html
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/test_procedures/neurologi
cal/electroencephalogram_eeg_92,p07655/