Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (HNP).pptx
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The document discusses herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), which is the displacement of nucleus pulposus material beyond the intervertebral disc space, most commonly affecting the lower back. It causes pain due to pressure on nerves. Diagnosis involves imaging tests like MRI. Treatment options include pain medication, physical therapy, injections, or surgery to relieve pressure on nerves. The document outlines HNP anatomy, causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatment approaches to help students understand this common back condition.
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A herniated disk occurs when the inner nucleus pulposus protrudes through damage to the outer annulus fibrosus. Common symptoms include low back pain radiating into the leg. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging like MRI, and sometimes electromyography. Treatment options include medications, physical therapy, spinal manipulation, injections, and possibly surgery if conservative options fail. Prevention focuses on education, proper lifting technique, exercise to strengthen the back, and maintaining a healthy weight.
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1) Intervertebral discs act as shock absorbers between vertebrae and allow limited spinal movement. Herniation occurs when a tear in the disc allows the nucleus pulposus to bulge beyond the annulus fibrosus.
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A herniated disk occurs when the inner nucleus pulposus protrudes through damage to the outer annulus fibrosus. Common symptoms include low back pain radiating into the leg. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging like MRI, and sometimes electromyography. Treatment options include medications, physical therapy, spinal manipulation, injections, and possibly surgery if conservative options fail. Prevention focuses on education, proper lifting technique, exercise to strengthen the back, and maintaining a healthy weight.
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The document discusses the anatomy, physiology, causes, symptoms, diagnosis and management of intervertebral disc herniation. Key points include:
1) Intervertebral discs act as shock absorbers between vertebrae and allow limited spinal movement. Herniation occurs when a tear in the disc allows the nucleus pulposus to bulge beyond the annulus fibrosus.
2) Common causes are repetitive strain, trauma, obesity and poor posture. Symptoms vary depending on location but often include back pain radiating into the legs.
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2. Signs and symptoms of herniated discs vary depending on location but commonly include back pain radiating into the buttock and leg. Physical examination involves testing for limited range of motion and tenderness as well as straight leg raise.
3. Diagnosis involves assessing patient history, symptoms on physical exam, and sometimes imaging tests. Herniated discs most often occur in the lumbar spine and can impinge on lumbar or sacral nerve roots.
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This document provides a summary of the history, anatomy, and components of lumbar disc prolapse. It discusses key figures who contributed to understanding of the condition over time. The summary describes the anatomy of the lumbar spine, intervertebral disc structure including the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus, and facet joints. Nutrition to the disc and functions of its components are also summarized.
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The document discusses the history and anatomy of lumbar disc disease. Key points include:
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2) Mixter and Barr in 1934 described disc herniation as the cause of sciatica.
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A herniated or prolapsed disc occurs when a tear in the outer ring of an intervertebral disc allows the soft inner material to bulge out. This most commonly affects the lumbar region. Symptoms include back pain and pain radiating into the legs. Diagnosis involves physical exam, x-rays, CT scans and MRI. Treatment options range from non-surgical approaches like medication, physical therapy and injections to surgical procedures like discectomy, laminectomy or spinal fusion. The goal of treatment is to relieve pressure on nerves and reduce pain.
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2. Risk factors include age, trauma, congenital predisposition, occupational stresses, obesity, and smoking. Symptoms depend on location and severity of compression but usually involve neck/back pain radiating into extremities.
3. Diagnosis is confirmed by CT/MRI imaging. Treatment involves rest, analgesics, physical therapy, steroid injections, and possibly surgery to decompress nerves if conservative measures fail. Patient education focuses on lifestyle changes and proper body mechanics to prevent recurrence.
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This document summarizes the development of the central nervous system during the 4th week of gestation. It describes how the neural groove deepens and closes to form the neural tube. Cells within the neural tube then differentiate into neuroblasts and neurons. The meninges develop from surrounding mesenchyme. Vertebral bodies form around the notochord and projections extend around the neural canal to form the vertebral arches. Failure of these arches to fuse can result in spina bifida. The document further describes the types and causes of spina bifida and approaches to management.
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Lumbar spinal stenosis
Lumbar spinal stenosis is a common condition among older adults causing lower back and leg pain. It results from the narrowing of the spinal canal which compresses the nerves and blood vessels. Key features include neurogenic claudication pain that worsens with standing or walking and is relieved by bending forward. Treatment involves non-operative options like medication, injections and physical therapy initially. For those with more severe symptoms, open decompressive laminectomy is currently the gold standard surgical treatment, though minimally invasive techniques are gaining popularity due to lower complication rates. Proper patient selection and postoperative rehabilitation are important for achieving good long-term outcomes.
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The document discusses the history and anatomy of lumbar disc disease. Key points include:
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2) Mixter and Barr in 1934 described disc herniation as the cause of sciatica.
3) The lumbar spine has intervertebral discs that can prolapse and press on nerve roots, commonly occurring posterolaterally at L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.
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Congenital hip dislocation (CHD) occurs when the femoral head spontaneously dislocates from the acetabulum before or shortly after birth. It is caused by hereditary joint laxity, maternal relaxin hormone exposure, or breech positioning in the womb. Clinically, CHD presents with leg length discrepancy, an abnormal gait, or limited hip movement. Treatment involves closed or open reduction of the femoral head and maintenance with casting or splinting, especially in younger patients. For older patients or those with severe deformity, acetabular reconstruction procedures like Salter's osteotomy may be needed. The goal is to achieve a stable reduction and encourage acetabular remodeling.
Spinal cord injury [recovered]
This document provides information about spinal cord injuries:
- The spinal cord does not have the ability to repair itself if damaged unlike other body parts. Spinal cord injuries can cause permanent changes in strength, sensation and functions below the site of injury.
- Globally, between 250,000 to 500,000 people suffer spinal cord injuries each year. The most common causes are traumatic events like vehicle accidents and falls.
- Treatment involves preventing further injury, addressing complications, and managing symptoms. Surgery may be needed to address bone fragments or deterioration. Long-term care focuses on rehabilitation and managing ongoing issues like pain and limited mobility.
Pott's disease nursing, medical, surgical managements
Pott's disease, also known as tuberculosis of the spine, is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of the vertebrae. Non-operative treatment involves antibiotics and immobilization for early or mild cases to halt progression. Surgery is required for abscesses, neurological issues, or cases that fail to improve with antibiotics. Nursing care focuses on immobilization, pain management, infection prevention, and monitoring for complications like neurological changes.
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- 2. INTRODUCTION Nucleus pulposus herniation is the most common cause of sciatic pain and one of the most common indications for spine surgery worldwide. This condition presents as a displacement of the nucleus pulposus beyond the intervertebral disc space. Nucleus pulposus herniation results from a failure in the annulus fibrosis integrity, making the content of the nucleus to protrude into the neural canal, the intervertebral foramen (foraminal) or lateral to the foramen (extraforaminal).
- 3. OBJECTIVES By the end of this case analysis students will be able to: Understand what Herniated Nucleus Pulposus. Explain the causes & predisposing factors of Herniated Nucleus Pulposus. Retain the etiology of Herniated Nucleus Pulposus. Identify and understand the particular assessment and the clinical manifestation regarding Herniated Nucleus Pulposus. Understand the general medical and surgical management, pharmacologic management, and as well as the nursing responsibilities for patients with Herniated Nucleus Pulposus. Discuss the general specific Pathophysiology of Herniated Nucleus Pulposus. Identify the Nursing Care plan that the patient needs regarding with Herniated Nucleus Pulposus.
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