The document provides an overview of Spanish grammar concepts including: 1. The imperfect tense and its uses. 2. Preterite verb conjugations for regular, stem-changing, and irregular verbs. 3. Modal verbs and how to conjugate them with infinitives. 4. Adverbs, the future tense, superlatives, commands, prepositions, and more. Sections include examples, explanations, and conjugation tables for each grammar topic.

1. Carlos Reeve, 6 th Sp.2H

2. 3. Imperfect
4. Trigger Words
5-8. Preterite
- Regular, Car/Gar/Zar
- Snake/Snakey
- Cucaracha
- Spock
9. Modal Verbs
10. Adverbs
11. Irregular Adverbs
12. Progressive
- Present
- Past
13. Future
- Regular
- Irregular
14. Superlatives
15. Formal Commands
16. Prepositions
17. Conditional
18. Demonstratives

3.  Uses:
 Ongoing action [Was/Were]
 Repeated action [Used to]
 No definite beginning or end
 Time/Date/Age/Feelings/Description
 Interrupted Activity [Cuando]

4.  Trigger words are used to show the beginning of an
imperfect sentence.
 Generalmente = Generally
 Frecuentement = Frequently
 Siempre = Always
 A veces = Sometimes
 A menudo = Often
 Mientras = As
 De vez en cuando = Occasionally
 Muchas veces = Often
 Los Lunes = On Mondays
 Cada día = Daily
 Todos los días = Everyday

5.  Preterite indicates past.
Ar Er/Ir
 É í
 Aste iste
 Ó ió
 Amos imos
 Aron ieron
 Preterite of verbs ending in –car, -gar, and –zar (Only changes in “yo” form)
 Ex: Sacar = Yo saqué
 Pagar = Yo Pagué
Car yo qué
 Empezar = Yo empecé
Gar yo gué
Zar yo cé

6.  Snake Snakey
 Stem Changers Y Changers
 Dormir: Leer:
 Dormí Leí
 Dormimos Leimos
 Dormiste Leiste
 Durmió Leyó
 Dumieron Leyeron
 Changes in 3rd Person for Snakey*.
 To write 3rd person preterite of er/ir verbs with stems ending in
vowel, change “I” to “Y”.
 All of these preterite forms require an accent except for
ustedes/ellos/ellas forms.

7.  Andar Anduv-
E
 Estar Estuv-
 Poder Pud-
 Poner Pus- Iste
 Quere Quis-
 Saber Sup- O
 Tener Tuv-
 Venir Vin- Imos
 Conducir Conduj- Isteis
 Producir Produj-
 Traducir Traduj- Ieron
 Decir Dij-
 Traer Traj-
Take off the “I”

8.  This is the preterite irregulars for dar, ver, ir, ser, and
hacer.

9.  Conjugate and pair the modal verbs with an infinitive
to get a new meaning.
 Ir + a + infinitive [Going to do something]
 Poder + infinitive [Are able to do something]
 Querer + infinitive [Want to do something]
 Deber + infinitive [Should do something]
 Tener que + infitive [To have to do something]
 Soler + infinitive [To be accustomed to]
 Necesitar + infinitive [Need to do something]

10.  Add “mente” to the end of the adjective, change to
feminine form.
 Adjective Feminine Form Adverb
Claro Clara Claramente
Dificil Dificil Dificilmente
Perfecto Perfecta Perfectamente

11.  Mucho [A lot]
 Mal [Bad]
 Ya [Already]
 Siempre [Always]
 Peor [Worse]
 Poco [Little]
 Bastante [Quite/Enough]
 Muy [Very]
 Tan [So]

12.  Present Past
 Ar = Ando Just change “estar”
 Er/Ir = Iendo - Estaba
 Yendo - Estabas
- Estaba
Ex: - Estabamos
Hablando - Estaban
Comiendo
Leyendo

13.  Will do something.
 These are irregulars:
 For non-irregulars, use endings on right:
 Decir dir- -á
 Hacer har-
 Poner pondr- - ás
 Salir saldr-
 Tener tendr- Infinitive + -á
 Valer vendr-
 Poder podr- - émos
 Querer querr-
 Saber sabr- - án

14.  Used when saying something has the “most” or least”
of something, such as an adjective.
 Más + Adjective
 [The most]
 Menos + Adjective
 [The least…]
 Ex: Carlos es el más alto. = Carlos is the tallest.
 Tito es la menos alto. = Tito is the shortest.

15.  Put in the “yo” form and change to the opposite vowel.
 Same for regular and negative.
 Ar = E
 Er/Ir = A
 Tenga
 Venga
 Dé, Diga
 Vaya
 Sea
 Haga
 Esté
 Saga

16.  Abajo = Down
 Arriba = Top
 Debajo de = Below
 Dentro de = Within
 Encima de = On top of
 Fuere de = Outside
 Izquierda = Left
 Derecha = Right
 Delante = In front of
 Detras = Behind
 Entre = Between
 Cerca = Near
 Lejos = Far

17.  Conditional is used to show future actions that were
spoken about in the past.
 Would, should, or could have.
 Ía
 Ías
 Ía
 Íamos
 Íais
 Ían
 Ex: Yo siempre dije que yo ayudaría mis amigos.
 I always said that I would help my friends.

18.  If the first “e” in any demonstrative has an accent mark, then it is a
pronoun.
 All demonstratives agree in gender and number of the noun being
modified.
 If it ends in “E” it is neuter.