A Presentation of GPU Microprocessors ( Graphic Cards ) By Arsalan Qureshi (D-16-TE-09) Student of dawood university of engineering and technology.

1. GPU MICROPROCESSORS
Presented By:
• ARSALAN QURESHI (D-16-TE-09)
• HANZALA SHAH (D-16-TE-12)
• M. HASSAN GHAURI (D-16-TE-32)

2. Contents
• What is a GPU Microprocessors.
• When was GPU discovered.
• Types Of GPU’s.
• The Evolution Of Graphic Cards (GPU)
• The GPU Pipeline.
• Where is GPU data stored.
• Intel GPU’s.
• AMD Radeon GPU’s.
• NVIDIA Geforce GPU’s.
• Applications Of GPU’s.
• Conclusion.

3. GPU Microprocessor’s.
• A GPU is a dedicated processor efficient at manipulating & displaying computer graphics.
• Like the CPU it is a single-chip processor.
• A graphics card's processor, called a graphics processing unit (GPU), is similar to a computer's
CPU. A GPU, however, is designed specifically for performing the complex mathematical and
geometric calculations that are necessary for graphics rendering. Some of the fastest GPUs have
more transistors than the average CPU. A GPU produces a lot of heat, so it is usually located
under a heat sink or a fan.
• A GPU is mostly used in embedded systems, mobile phones, personal computers, workstations &
gaming consoles.

4. When Was GPU Discovered
• In August 31, 1999 NVIDIA marketed the GeForce 256 as the “world’s first GPU”. It is a single-chip
processor with integrated transform, lighting, triangle setup/clipping & delivering engines that is
capable of processing a minimum of 10 million polygons per second.
• NVIDIA GEFORCE 256 World’s First GPU (Graphic Card).

5. Types Of GPU’S
• There Are Two Respective Types Of GPU:
• AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)
• AGP Cards slot no. is 8x.
• PCI Express (Peripheral Component Interface)
• PCI Cards slot no. is x16.
• Generations are 2.0 and 3.0.

6. The Evolution Of Graphic Cards (GPU)
• Graphics cards have come a long way since IBM introduced the first one in 1981. Called
a Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA), the card provided text-only displays of green or white text
on a black screen. Now, the minimum standard for new video cards is Video Graphics Array (VGA),
which allows 256 colors. With high-performance standards like Quantum Extended Graphics
Array (QXGA), video cards can display millions of colors at resolutions of up to 2040 x 1536 pixels

7. The GPU Pipeline
• The GPU receives geometry information from the CPU as an input and provides a
picture as an output.
• Let’s see how that happens…
Host
Interface
Shader’s
Vertex
Processing
Triangle
Setup
Pixel
Processing
Memory
Interface

8. Host Interface
• The host interface is the communication bridge between the CPU and the GPU.
• It receives commands from the CPU and also pulls geometry information from system memory.
• It outputs a stream of vertices in object space with all their associated information (texture
coordinates, per vertex color e.t.c).

9. Shader’s Vertex Processing
• The vertex processing stage receives vertices from the host interface in object
space and outputs them in screen space.
• This may be a simple linear transformation, or a complex operation involving
morphing effects.
• No new vertices are created in this stage, and no vertices are discarded
(input/output has 1:1 mapping)

10. Triangle Setup
• In this stage geometry information becomes raster information (screen space
geometry is the input, pixels are the output).
• Prior to rasterization, triangles that are back facing or are located outside the
viewing are rejected.
• A pixel is generated if and only if its center is inside the triangle.
• Every pixel generated has its attributes computed to be the perspective correct
interpolation of the three vertices that make up the triangle.

11. Pixel Processing
• Each pixel provided by triangle setup is fed into pixel processing as a set of
attributes which are used to compute the final color for this pixel.
• The computations taking place here include texture mapping and math
operations.

12. Memory Interface
• Pixel colors provided by the previous stage are written to the frame buffer.
• Used to be the biggest bottleneck before pixel processing took over.
• Before the final write occurs, some pixels are rejected by the z buffer .On modern
GPUs z is compressed to reduce frame buffer bandwidth (but not size).

13. Where is GPU Data Stored?
• Well the GPU Data is Stored in:
• Vertex Buffer.
• Frame Buffer.
• Texture.

15. INTEL GPU’S
• Intel's First Dedicated GPU: The i740 (1998).
• i752 Graphics Chip And The 81x Series Chipsets
(1999)
• Intel Extreme Graphics (2001)
• Intel Extreme Graphics 2 (2003)
• The GMA 900 (2004)
• GMA 950: Pentium 4 & Atom (2005)
• The GMA 3000, 3100 & 3150 (2006)
• GMA X3000 (2006)
• The Last GMA (2008)
• Larrabee (2009)
• First-Generation Intel HD Graphics (2010)
• Sandy Bridge: 2nd-Gen Intel HD Graphics (2011)
• Xeon Phi (2012)
• Ivy Bridge: The Intel HD 4000 (2012)
• Intel Expands It's Graphics Line With Haswell
(2013)
• Broadwell (2014)
• Skylake (2015)
• Kaby Lake (2017)

17. AMD RADEON GPU’S
• ATI Wonder (1986)
• ATI Mach 8 (1990)
• ATI Mach 32 (1992)
• ATI Mach 64 (1994)
• ATI 3D Rage (1995)
• ATI 3D Rage Pro (1997)
• ATI Rage 128 (1998)
• ATI Rage 128 Pro (1999)
• ATI Rage Fury MAXX (1999)
• ATI Radeon DDR (2000)
• ATI All-In-Wonder Radeon 7500 (2001)
• ATI All-In-Wonder Radeon 8500 (2001)
• ATI Radeon 9700 Pro (2002)
• ATI Radeon 9800 Pro (2003)
• ATI Radeon X800 XT (2004)
• ATI Radeon X850 XT PE (2004)
• ATI Radeon X1800 XT (2005)
• ATI Radeon X1900 XTX (2006)
• ATI Radeon X1950 XTX (2006)
• ATI Radeon HD 2900 XT (2007)
• ATI Radeon HD 3870 (2007)
• ATI Radeon HD 4870 (2008)
• ATI Radeon HD 4890 (2009)
• ATI Radeon HD 5870 (2009) Direct X 11.

18. AMD RADEON GPU’S
• AMD Radeon HD 6970 (2010)
• AMD Radeon HD 7970 (2011)
• AMD Radeon HD 7970 GHz Edition (2011)
• AMD Radeon HD 8000 Series
• AMD Radeon R9 290X (2013)
• AMD Radeon R9 Fury X (2015)
• AMD Radeon RX 460 & 480 (2016)
• AMD Radeon RX 580 (2017)

20. NVIDIA GEFORCE
• August 1999: Nvidia GeForce 256 (SDR RAM)
• April 2000: Nvidia GeForce 2 GTS (32 MB DDR MEMORY)
• February 2001: Nvidia GeForce 3 (Direct X 8)
• February 2002: Nvidia GeForce 4 Ti 4600 (128 MB RAM)
• April 2004: Nvidia GeForce 6800 Ultra (512 MB RAM)
• June 2005: Nvidia GeForce 7800 GTX (First Card with 256
Bits)
• June 2006: Nvidia GeForce 7950 GX2 (SLI Feature)
• November 2006: Nvidia GeForce 8800 GTX (First Card
With GDDR3 Memory)
• March 2008: Nvidia GeForce 9800 GX2 (First Card With
1GB Of Ram)
• June 2008: Nvidia GeForce GTX 280 (Direct X 10)
• January 2009: Nvidia GeForce GTX 295 (Dual GPU Board)
• March 2011:Nvidia GeForce GTX 590 (Features 1024
CUDA CORES)
• March 2012: Nvidia Geforce GTX 680 (Comes With
Shadowplay also a flagship model)
• March 2014: Nvidia Geforce GTX 950 to 980ti (Last with
Maxwell)
• May 2016: Nvidia Geforce GTX 1050ti to 1080ti (Pascal
Architecture)

21. Applications Of GPU
• Computer generated holography using a graphics processing unit.
• Improves the overall performance of your computing device.
• You can set the digital vibrance of your computer desktop if a GPU is installed in your computer.
• Obviously, HD Graphical Games can be played from mid to high end GPU’s.
• Also Used In Different Gaming Consoles like XBOX 360, PS3, PS4, Nintendo Switch e.t.c

22. Conclusion
Nowadays, Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) or
graphic cards are way too upgraded if we
compare them to their predecessors. But there
are still some issues in it like Mobile Chip Heat
Problems, Garbage Problems and e.t.c. We wish
that companies like NVIDIA & AMD will overcome
on these issues and solve them.

23. We can talk about GPU’s more but we
think that’s enough for you as the
beginners. For further inquiries you can
search that on Internet. Because
“KNOWLEDGE IS POWER.”

25. CREDITS
Special Thanks To Sir. Farhan Umrani And our
lovely classmates of Telecommunication
Batch 2016. HAVE A NICE DAY. ALLAH HAFIZ.