This presentation has detailed information on glycolysis. each step is explained in detail. there are certain videos which i have taken from youtube. if these videos are not viewable u can refer to shomus biology glycolysis videos. u will get a detailed info there. lehninger 3rd edition is also very good for the structures Happy studying :)

2. 1860 – Louis Pasteur
1897- Eduard Buchner
History of the glycolysis

3. 1905- Arthur Harden and William Young
1940- Otto Meyerhof

4. • Glycolysis is also known as Embden Meyerhof
pathway
• What does Glycolysis mean?
• Glycolysis needs 2 ATPs and generates 4 ATPs

5. GLYCOLYSIS (2 ATPs)
KREBS CYCLE (2 ATPs)
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN (34 ATPs)

6. There are 3 Main parts to Glycolysis

7. The entire reaction:
Glucose + 2NAD+ + 2ATPs + 4ADPs + 2 phosphate group
After performing Glycolysis
2 Pyruvates +2NADHs +2ADPs +4ATPs +2phosphate group
Net : 2ATPs formed
2 NADH formed
2 Pyruvates

8. First step : Hexokinase catalyzes
Glucose + ATP  glucose-6-P + ADP
H O
OH
H
OHH
OH
CH2OH
H
OH
H H O
OH
H
OHH
OH
CH2OPO3
2
H
OH
H
23
4
5
6
1 1
6
5
4
3 2
ATP ADP
Mg2+
glucose glucose-6-phosphate
Hexokinase

9. • GLUT 1 and 3 are present in normal tissues
• GLUT 2 present in liver, pancreas and intestine
• GLUT 4 is found in adipose tissue

10. Sodium glucose tranport protein
• Uses high sodium concentration to pump
glucose.

12. N
N
N
N
NH2
O
OHOH
HH
H
CH2
H
OPOPOP
O
O
O

O

O O
O

adenine
ribose
ATP
adenosine triphosphate
Mg++ interacts with negatively charged
phosphate oxygen atoms, providing charge
compensation & promoting a favorable
conformation of ATP at the active site of the
Hexokinase enzyme.

13. H O
OH
H
OHH
OH
CH2OPO3
2
H
OH
H
1
6
5
4
3 2
CH2OPO3
2
OH
CH2OH
H
OH H
H HO
O
6
5
4 3
2
1
glucose-6-phosphate fructose-6-phosphate
Phosphoglucose Isomerase
2.Phosphoglucose Isomerase catalyzes
glucose-6-P (aldose)  fructose-6-P (ketose)

14. 3. Phosphofructokinase catalyzes:
fructose-6-P + ATP  fructose-1,6-bisP + ADP
CH2OPO3
2
OH
CH2OH
H
OH H
H HO
O
6
5
4 3
2
1 CH2OPO3
2
OH
CH2OPO3
2
H
OH H
H HO
O
6
5
4 3
2
1
ATP ADP
Mg2+
fructose-6-phosphate fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
Phosphofructokinase

15. Phosphofructo kinase

16. 4. Aldolase catalyzes:
fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
dihydroxyacetone-P +glyceraldehyde-3-P
6
5
4
3
2
1CH2OPO3
2
C
C
C
C
CH2OPO3
2
O
HO H
H OH
H OH
3
2
1
CH2OPO3
2
C
CH2OH
O
C
C
CH2OPO3
2
H O
H OH+
1
2
3
fructose-1,6-
bisphosphate
Aldolase
dihydroxyacetone glyceraldehyde-3-
phosphate phosphate
Triosephosphate Isomerase

17. A lysine residue at the active site functions in catalysis.
The keto group of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate reacts with the
amino group of the active site lysine, to form a protonated Schiff
base intermediate.
Cleavage of the bond between C3 & C4 follows.
H3N+
C COO
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
NH3
H

lysine CH2OPO3
2
C
CH
C
C
CH2OPO3
2
NH
HO
H OH
H OH
(CH2)4 Enzyme
6
5
4
3
2
1
+
Schiff base intermediate of
Aldolase reaction

18. 5. Triose Phosphate Isomerase (TIM) catalyzes:
dihydroxyacetone-P  glyceraldehyde-3-P
6
5
4
3
2
1CH2OPO3
2
C
C
C
C
CH2OPO3
2
O
HO H
H OH
H OH
3
2
1
CH2OPO3
2
C
CH2OH
O
C
C
CH2OPO3
2
H O
H OH+
1
2
3
fructose-1,6-
bisphosphate
Aldolase
dihydroxyacetone glyceraldehyde-3-
phosphate phosphate
Triosephosphate Isomerase

19. 6. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase catalyzes:
glyceraldehyde-3-P + NAD+ + Pi 
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + NADH + H+
C
C
CH2OPO3
2
H O
H OH
C
C
CH2OPO3
2
O OPO3
2
H OH
+ Pi
+ H+
NAD+
NADH 1
2
3
2
3
1
glyceraldehyde- 1,3-bisphospho-
3-phosphate glycerate
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
Dehydrogenase
First step to produce NADH

20. Shuttles :

23. 7. Phosphoglycerate Kinase catalyzes:
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP 
3-phosphoglycerate + ATP
C
C
CH2OPO3
2
O OPO3
2
H OH
C
C
CH2OPO3
2
O O
H OH
ADP ATP
1
22
3 3
1
Mg2+
1,3-bisphospho- 3-phosphoglycerate
glycerate
Phosphoglycerate Kinase

24. 8. Phosphoglycerate Mutase catalyzes:
3-phosphoglycerate  2-phosphoglycerate
C
C
CH2OH
O O
H OPO3
2
2
3
1
C
C
CH2OPO3
2
O O
H OH2
3
1
3-phosphoglycerate 2-phosphoglycerate
Phosphoglycerate Mutase
C
C
CH2OPO3
2
O O
H OPO3
2
2
3
1
2,3-bisphosphoglycerate

25. 9. Enolase catalyzes:
2-phosphoglycerate  phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O
C
C
CH2OH
O O
H OPO3
2
C
C
CH2OH

O O
OPO3
2
C
C
CH2
O O
OPO3
2
OH
2
3
1
2
3
1
H
2-phosphoglycerate enolate intermediate phosphoenolpyruvate
Enolase

26. 10. Pyruvate Kinase catalyzes:
phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP  pyruvate + ATP
C
C
CH3
O O
O2
3
1
ADP ATP
C
C
CH2
O O
OPO3
2
2
3
1
phosphoenolpyruvate pyruvate
Pyruvate Kinase

27. Pyruvate kinase activity

28. aerobic Anaerobic

29. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu
http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 3rd Ed.
Textbook of biochemistry by U. Satyanarayan
www.wikipedia.com
www.youtube.com