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Steps of Glycolysis in a brief
Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, occurring in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions through a series of ten enzymatic steps. Key steps include the phosphorylation of glucose and the production of ATP and NADH. The process ultimately results in the generation of two pyruvate molecules and a net gain of ATP.
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Steps of Glycolysis in a brief
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- 2. What is Glycolysis Glycolysis(from the Greek glykos, meaning sweet, and lysis, meaning splitting) involves the breakdown of glucose, a simple sugar. This process can occur in the presence or absence of oxygen, that is, under aerobic or anaerobic conditions.
- 3. History of Glycolysis Duringthe 1930s, the efforts of several German biochemists, including Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jacob Parnas, determined that glycolysis involves 10 steps, each one catalyzed by a different enzyme.
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- 5. Step 1 Glucose isphosphorylated by ATP. Glucose-6-phosphate is more easily trapped in the cell compared to glucose. ATP ADP Hexokinase Glucose Glucose-6-Phosphate
- 6. Step 2 The structureof glucose-6-phosphate is rearranged to fructose-6-phosphate. Phosphogluco isomerase Glucose-6-Phosphate Fructose-6-phosphate
- 7. Step 3 Fructose-6-phosphate isphosphorylated to make fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. ATP ADP Phosphofructo kinase Fructose-6-phosphate Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
- 8. 4. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate iscleaved into dihydroxyacetone phosphate and Dihydroxyacetone phosphate glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. 5. Di-hydroxyl-acetone phosphate is somerized to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. 4. 5. Isomerase Aldolase Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Glyceraldehyde-3phosphate (x2)
- 9. 6. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is oxidizedto 1,3bisphosphoglycerate. NADH is produced. In 1,3-bisphospho-glycerate,the phosphate group in the upper left is destabilized, meaning that the bond will break in a highly exergonic reaction. Unstable Phosphate Bond 2NADH 2 NAD+ Glyceraldehyde-3phosphate (x2) +2H+ Glyceraldehyde-3phosphate dehydrogenase 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (x2)
- 10. 7. A phosphate isremoved from 1,3-bis-phospho-glycerate to form 3-phosphor-glycerate. The removed phosphate is transferred to ADP to make ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation. Unstable Phosphate Bond 2ATP 2ADP Phosphoglycero– kinase 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (x2) 3-phosphoglycerate(x2)
- 11. 8. The phosphate groupin 3 phosphoglycerate is moved to a new location, creating 2phosphoglycerate Phosphoglycero– mutase 3-phosphoglycerate(x2) 2-phosphoglycerate(x2)
- 12. 9. A water moleculeis removed from 2-phosphor-glycerate to form phosphor-enol-pyruvate. In phosphor-enol-pyruvate, the phosphate group is destabilized, meaning that the bond will break in a highly exergonic reaction. Unstable phosphate bond Enolase 2-phosphoglycerate(x2) Phosphoenolpyruvate(x2)
- 13. 10. A phosphate isremoved from phosphor-enol-pyruvate to form pyruvate. The removed phosphate is transferred to ADP to make ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation. Unstable phosphate bond 2ADP 2ATP Pyruvate Kinase Phosphoenolpyruvate(x2) pyruvate(x2)
- 14. :p Thanks God! It’s overat last!!