5. Glycolysis is the first stage of respiration!
Glycolysis splits one molecule of glucose
into two smaller molecules of pyruvate
6. Glycolysis is the first stage of respiration!
Glycolysis splits one molecule of glucose
into two smaller molecules of pyruvate
Glucose is a hexose
(6-carbon) molecule
7. Glycolysis is the first stage of respiration!
Glycolysis splits one molecule of glucose
into two smaller molecules of pyruvate
Glucose is a hexose
(6-carbon) molecule
Pyruvate is a triose
(3-carbon) molecule
8. Glycolysis is the first stage of respiration!
Glycolysis splits one molecule of glucose
into two smaller molecules of pyruvate
Glucose is a hexose
(6-carbon) molecule
Pyruvate is a triose
(3-carbon) molecule
Pyruvate is also
known as pyruvic
acid
18. Glycolysis
1
2
A
B
These arrows in diagrams
just mean that A goes into
the main reaction and is
converted to B.
A will normally release or
collect something from
molecule 1, e.g. hydrogen
or phosphate
20. Stage One - Phosphorylation
1.Glucose is phosphorylated by
adding 2 phosphates from 2
molecules of ATP to give a hexose
phosphate.
21. Stage One - Phosphorylation
1.Glucose is phosphorylated by
adding 2 phosphates from 2
molecules of ATP to give a hexose
phosphate.
2.The hexose phosphate is split
using water
22. Stage One - Phosphorylation
1.Glucose is phosphorylated by
adding 2 phosphates from 2
molecules of ATP to give a hexose
phosphate.
2.The hexose phosphate is split
using water (hydrolysis)
23. Stage One - Phosphorylation
1.Glucose is phosphorylated by
adding 2 phosphates from 2
molecules of ATP to give a
glucose phosphate.
2.The glucose phosphate is split
3.2 molecules of triose phosphate
and 2 molecules of ADP are
created.
27. Stage Two - Oxidation
1.The triose phosphates are
oxidised (lose oxygen), forming
two molecules of pyruvate.
28. Stage Two - Oxidation
1.The triose phosphates are
oxidised (lose oxygen), forming
two molecules of pyruvate.
2. Coenzyme NAD+
collects the
hydrogen ions, forming 2 reduced
NAD (NADH + H+
)
29. Stage Two - Oxidation
1. The triose phosphates are oxidised (lose
oxygen), forming two molecules of pyruvate.
2. Coenzyme NAD+
collects the hydrogen ions,
forming 2 reduced NAD (NADH + H+
)
A coenzyme is a helper molecule
that carries chemical groups or ions,
e.g. NAD+
removes H+
and carries it
to other molecules.
30. Stage Two - Oxidation
1.The triose phosphates are
oxidised (lose oxygen), forming
two molecules of pyruvate.
2. Coenzyme NAD+
collects the
hydrogen ions, forming 2 reduced
NAD (NADH + H+
)
3. 4 ATP are produced, but 2 were
used up at the beginning, so
there’s a net gain of 2 ATP.
32. Next in Aerobic respiration….
1. The 2 molecules of reduced NAD go
to the electron transport chain
(ETC), part 4 of respiration.
33. Next in Aerobic respiration….
1. The 2 molecules of reduced NAD go
to the electron transport chain
(ETC), part 4 of respiration.
2. The two pyruvate molecules go into
the matrix of the mitochondria for the
link reaction.