Centrifuges
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Here is a presentation on different types of centrifuges that we also use. also i have mentioned about different types of rotors. william and walker gives a very nice information about centrifugation. also there are many videos available on youtube. a pratical knowledge of this would work better. Happy Studying :)
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Centrifugation techniques
1. Instrumental analysis involves using instruments to convert physical or chemical characteristics of analytes into interpretable information. This includes clinical chemistry which aims to facilitate accurate diagnostic testing.
2. Centrifugation techniques use high centrifugal force to separate particles or molecules in a suspension more quickly than gravity alone. This involves spinning samples at high revolutions per minute in different types of centrifuges.
3. Centrifuges vary in size from microcentrifuges suitable for small volumes to preparative or analytical ultracentrifuges capable of very high speeds. The type used depends on the separation or analysis needed. All aim to control variables like speed, radius, and temperature to achieve reliable separations.
Centrifugation principle and types by Dr. Anurag Yadav
concept of cnetrifugation,
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types of centrifugation based on use and rotor type
application of the each type of centrifuge
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centrifugation
Centrifugation uses centrifugal force to separate particles in a solution based on properties like size, shape, density. There are several types of centrifugation including density gradient centrifugation, differential centrifugation, and ultracentrifugation. Density gradient centrifugation separates particles based on buoyant density into zones, while differential centrifugation separates organelles from cells. Ultracentrifugation uses very high speeds and forces particle separation. Centrifugation has many applications in areas like water treatment, biomedical research, and industries like sugar and oil production.
LYOPHILIZER.pptx
A lyophilizer, also known as a freeze dryer, works by freezing materials, reducing the pressure, and adding heat to allow frozen water in the materials to sublimate. The lyophilizer executes a water removal process to preserve perishable materials and extend shelf life by freezing the material and reducing pressure and temperature to allow frozen water to change directly from solid to vapor without passing through the liquid phase. Lyophilizers are used to dry heat-sensitive products, increase shelf life, and reduce weight for storage, shipping and transportation.
Ppt of centrifugation
Centrifugation is a process that uses centrifugal force to separate mixtures based on density differences. It works by spinning samples at high speeds, causing denser particles to sediment out of solution. There are two main types - preparative centrifugation which separates large amounts of samples, and analytical centrifugation which analyzes small amounts. Centrifugation has many applications including isolating suspensions, isotope separation, and separating cellular components.
Centrifugation
Centrifugation uses centrifugal force to separate mixtures based on density, with denser components moving outward and lighter components staying nearer the center; there are three main types - low-speed for pelleting coarse particles, high-speed for organelles/proteins, and ultracentrifuges which attain very high speeds and are used for lipoprotein separation and analytical measurements due to their cooling systems. Centrifugation has many applications from separating blood components to producing skim milk.
Centrifugation
Centrifugation is a technique used for the separation of particles from a solution according to their size, shape, density, viscosity of the medium and rotor speed. The particles are suspended in a liquid medium and placed in a centrifuge tube. The tube is then placed in a rotor and spun at a define speed.
centrifuge
This document provides information about centrifuges. It discusses the history of centrifuges, including their invention by Benjamin Robins in the 18th century. It defines a centrifuge as a device that separates heavier and lighter particles through centrifugal force. The document describes the main components and working principles of centrifuges, and discusses different types including fixed-angle, swinging head, continuous tubular, ultracentrifuges, hematocrit, and gas centrifuges. It also outlines common applications and safety procedures for operating centrifuges.
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Centrifugation techniques
1. Instrumental analysis involves using instruments to convert physical or chemical characteristics of analytes into interpretable information. This includes clinical chemistry which aims to facilitate accurate diagnostic testing.
2. Centrifugation techniques use high centrifugal force to separate particles or molecules in a suspension more quickly than gravity alone. This involves spinning samples at high revolutions per minute in different types of centrifuges.
3. Centrifuges vary in size from microcentrifuges suitable for small volumes to preparative or analytical ultracentrifuges capable of very high speeds. The type used depends on the separation or analysis needed. All aim to control variables like speed, radius, and temperature to achieve reliable separations.
Centrifugation principle and types by Dr. Anurag Yadav
concept of cnetrifugation,
basic Principle
centrifugal force
types of centrifugation based on use and rotor type
application of the each type of centrifuge
Ultracentrifuge in detail
application in general
centrifugation
Centrifugation uses centrifugal force to separate particles in a solution based on properties like size, shape, density. There are several types of centrifugation including density gradient centrifugation, differential centrifugation, and ultracentrifugation. Density gradient centrifugation separates particles based on buoyant density into zones, while differential centrifugation separates organelles from cells. Ultracentrifugation uses very high speeds and forces particle separation. Centrifugation has many applications in areas like water treatment, biomedical research, and industries like sugar and oil production.
LYOPHILIZER.pptx
A lyophilizer, also known as a freeze dryer, works by freezing materials, reducing the pressure, and adding heat to allow frozen water in the materials to sublimate. The lyophilizer executes a water removal process to preserve perishable materials and extend shelf life by freezing the material and reducing pressure and temperature to allow frozen water to change directly from solid to vapor without passing through the liquid phase. Lyophilizers are used to dry heat-sensitive products, increase shelf life, and reduce weight for storage, shipping and transportation.
Ppt of centrifugation
Centrifugation is a process that uses centrifugal force to separate mixtures based on density differences. It works by spinning samples at high speeds, causing denser particles to sediment out of solution. There are two main types - preparative centrifugation which separates large amounts of samples, and analytical centrifugation which analyzes small amounts. Centrifugation has many applications including isolating suspensions, isotope separation, and separating cellular components.
Centrifugation
Centrifugation uses centrifugal force to separate mixtures based on density, with denser components moving outward and lighter components staying nearer the center; there are three main types - low-speed for pelleting coarse particles, high-speed for organelles/proteins, and ultracentrifuges which attain very high speeds and are used for lipoprotein separation and analytical measurements due to their cooling systems. Centrifugation has many applications from separating blood components to producing skim milk.
Centrifugation
Centrifugation is a technique used for the separation of particles from a solution according to their size, shape, density, viscosity of the medium and rotor speed. The particles are suspended in a liquid medium and placed in a centrifuge tube. The tube is then placed in a rotor and spun at a define speed.
centrifuge
This document provides information about centrifuges. It discusses the history of centrifuges, including their invention by Benjamin Robins in the 18th century. It defines a centrifuge as a device that separates heavier and lighter particles through centrifugal force. The document describes the main components and working principles of centrifuges, and discusses different types including fixed-angle, swinging head, continuous tubular, ultracentrifuges, hematocrit, and gas centrifuges. It also outlines common applications and safety procedures for operating centrifuges.
Principles and application of light, phase constrast and fluorescence microscope
This document provides an overview of three types of microscopes: light microscopes, phase contrast microscopes, and fluorescence microscopes. It describes the basic principles and components of each microscope type and their applications. Light microscopes use lenses to magnify specimens and are used widely in biology to study cells. Phase contrast microscopes convert phase differences in light passing through specimens into brightness variations, allowing visualization of transparent structures. Fluorescence microscopes use fluorescent dyes and specific wavelengths of light to enhance contrast and study labeled structures within cells.
Centrifugation
Centrifugation is a process that uses centrifugal force to separate mixtures of substances based on density differences. It involves spinning a sample in a centrifuge which causes denser components to migrate outward while less dense components migrate inward. There are various types of centrifugation techniques used for separation in industrial and laboratory settings, including differential centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, and ultracentrifugation. Centrifugation has many applications such as separating solids from liquids in water treatment, separating blood components, and separating particles in industrial processes.
Density gradient centrifugation,types, advantages and disadvantages
centrifugation , its type,density gradient centrifugation and its type with advantages and disadvantages.
Centrifugation
Centrifugation uses centrifugal force to separate mixtures based on density. A centrifuge spins samples at high speeds, causing denser particles to migrate away from the center of rotation. There are various types of centrifuges suited for different applications. Centrifugation is commonly used in industrial processes like food and oil production to separate solids, liquids, and liquid phases. It is also widely used in bioprocessing to separate cells and cellular debris. Key parameters that affect centrifugation include spin speed, time, temperature, and centrifuge component sizes.
Types of centrifuges
The document describes different types of centrifuges based on their design features and intended applications. Centrifuges vary in maximum speed, capacity, temperature control, and sample volume capabilities. Small benchtop centrifuges are used in clinical labs for blood separation and can hold around 100 tubes. Microcentrifuges are very common in biology labs, can hold small tube volumes, and generate forces up to 15,000g. High speed centrifuges spin at 15,000-20,000 RPM and are used for research applications requiring separation of cellular components. Ultracentrifuges provide the highest speeds and forces but are expensive and require special rotors and cooling due to heat generation.
Ultracentrifugation
Ultracentrifugation is a technique that uses high centrifugal forces generated by rotational speeds of up to 150,000 rpm to separate particles in solution based on differences in size, shape, density, and viscosity. It is an important tool in biochemical research used to isolate molecules like DNA, RNA, lipids, and separate organelles from cells. There are two main types - analytical ultracentrifugation which studies molecular interactions and properties, and preparative ultracentrifugation which isolates and purifies particles using techniques like density gradient centrifugation. Proper rotor selection and maintenance of the centrifuge are important for safe and effective use of this technique.
Centrifugation
Centrifugation uses centrifugal force to separate mixtures based on density. There are several types of centrifuges that differ in maximum speed and other features. Desktop centrifuges have the lowest maximum speed below 3000rpm, while ultracentrifuges can reach speeds over 75,000rpm. Centrifuges consist of a drive motor, temperature control, vacuum, and rotors. Sedimentation velocity separates mixtures in a shallow gradient over a short time, while sedimentation equilibrium separates mixtures to their equilibrium positions in a steep gradient over prolonged high-speed centrifugation.
Density gradient centrifugation
Density gradient centrifugation is a technique used to separate particles based on density. It involves placing a sample on a preformed density gradient, such as sucrose or cesium chloride, and centrifuging. Under centrifugation, particles band within the gradient according to their density. There are two types of density gradient centrifugation - rate zonal centrifugation, which separates particles of differing sizes, and isopycnic centrifugation, which separates particles solely based on density. Density gradient centrifugation has many applications, including purification of viruses, bacteria, proteins, and separation of biomolecules.
Vacuum centrifuge/concentrators
A vacuum centrifuge concentrator uses centrifugal force and low pressure to evaporate liquids from samples and concentrate biomolecules like DNA, RNA, and proteins. By spinning samples in a vacuum chamber, it avoids heat buildup issues caused by air resistance in normal centrifuges. This allows for higher spin speeds with less energy. Vacuum centrifuges concentrate samples into dry pellets or wet residues for further analysis and are used in applications like proteomics, genomics, and drug development.
Centrifugation
Centrifugation is a mechanical process which involves the use of the centrifugal force to separate particles from a solution according to their size, shape, density, medium viscosity and rotor speed. The larger the size and the larger the density of the particles, the faster they separate from the mixture.
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Centrifugation is a technique used to separate particles based on size and shape using centrifugal force. Rate zonal centrifugation separates particles based on mass rather than density. It involves layering a sample solution above a preformed density gradient and centrifuging at low speed for a short time, allowing particles to separate into discrete zones based on their sedimentation rates before reaching the bottom. Rate zonal centrifugation is useful for separating particles like organelles, proteins, antibodies, and nucleic acids that have similar densities but different masses.
Bio Techniques: Centrifugation
This document summarizes centrifugation techniques used to separate particles from solutions based on their properties. It describes how centrifugal force allows for separation by size, shape, density, and other factors. Differential and density gradient centrifugation techniques are outlined, along with examples of how centrifuges and ultracentrifuges work at varying speeds to separate molecules and organelles through pelleting or movement within density gradients. Specific applications like separating DNA and subcellular components are also mentioned.
B.Sc. Biochemistry II Cellular Biochemistry Unit 4 Basic Techniques in Microb...
The document discusses different types of microscopes used in microbiology, including their basic principles and applications. It describes light microscopes like bright field, dark field, phase contrast, and fluorescence microscopes. It explains how each works, such as using different illumination techniques to view unstained samples or utilizing fluorescent dyes. The document also outlines microscope parts and their functions, magnification and resolution principles, and historical discoveries made with early microscopes that advanced the study of microorganisms.
Density gradient centrifugation
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centrifuge principle and application
Centrifuge centrifugal force centrifugal working of centrifuge type of centrifuge RPM rotation pre minutes rcf MLT laboratory
Principles and applications of centrifugation ppt
This document discusses the principles and applications of centrifugation. It defines centrifugation as using centripetal force to separate substances of different densities. There are three main types of centrifuges: low-speed centrifuges which operate at speeds up to 5000rpm; high-speed centrifuges which allow more control over speed and temperature; and ultracentrifuges, the most sophisticated, which operate at very high speeds and require vacuum and temperature control. The main applications of centrifugation are preparative techniques like sedimentation and differential centrifugation, and analytical techniques like density gradient and zonal centrifugation which are used to separate and analyze viruses, organelles, and other particles.
Centrifugation
Centrifugation is a process that uses centrifugal force to separate mixtures based on density. It works by spinning a liquid sample at high speeds, causing denser components to migrate outward and separate from less dense components. There are several types of centrifugation including density gradient centrifugation, differential centrifugation, and ultracentrifugation. Centrifugation has many applications such as separating immiscible liquids, purifying cells, and separating blood components.
Preparative and analytical centrifugation
1. Ultracentrifugation is a technique that uses very high speeds to separate particles in solution based on properties like size, shape, density.
2. There are two main types - preparative ultracentrifugation which handles large volumes to separate molecules, and analytical ultracentrifugation which uses small volumes and optical detection to study purified molecules.
3. Preparative ultracentrifugation techniques include differential centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, and zonal centrifugation to separate organelles, proteins, and other molecules. Analytical ultracentrifugation determines molecular weight and detects conformational changes.
Laboratory Equipment
Dexter is holding a test tube, which is a small glass tube used to hold or mix chemicals in science experiments. He is in a 7th grade science classroom where students use various pieces of lab equipment like beakers, flasks, balances, thermometers, droppers, and other measuring tools to conduct experiments and record observations. The passage provides a brief overview of common lab equipment used in a middle school science class.
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This document lists and describes 30 pieces of common laboratory equipment used in experiments and investigations. Some of the key equipment includes microscopes for examining specimens, beakers and flasks for holding or heating liquids, graduated cylinders and pipettes for measuring small volumes of liquids, burners for providing heat, slides and dishes for preparing and viewing samples, and balances for measuring mass. Other tools such as forceps, scissors, and needles are used for dissection or handling small items. Safety equipment like goggles help protect researchers.
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Centrifugation is a process that uses centrifugal force to separate mixtures of substances based on density differences. It involves spinning a sample in a centrifuge which causes denser components to migrate outward while less dense components migrate inward. There are various types of centrifugation techniques used for separation in industrial and laboratory settings, including differential centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, and ultracentrifugation. Centrifugation has many applications such as separating solids from liquids in water treatment, separating blood components, and separating particles in industrial processes.
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Centrifugation uses centrifugal force to separate mixtures based on density. A centrifuge spins samples at high speeds, causing denser particles to migrate away from the center of rotation. There are various types of centrifuges suited for different applications. Centrifugation is commonly used in industrial processes like food and oil production to separate solids, liquids, and liquid phases. It is also widely used in bioprocessing to separate cells and cellular debris. Key parameters that affect centrifugation include spin speed, time, temperature, and centrifuge component sizes.
Types of centrifuges
The document describes different types of centrifuges based on their design features and intended applications. Centrifuges vary in maximum speed, capacity, temperature control, and sample volume capabilities. Small benchtop centrifuges are used in clinical labs for blood separation and can hold around 100 tubes. Microcentrifuges are very common in biology labs, can hold small tube volumes, and generate forces up to 15,000g. High speed centrifuges spin at 15,000-20,000 RPM and are used for research applications requiring separation of cellular components. Ultracentrifuges provide the highest speeds and forces but are expensive and require special rotors and cooling due to heat generation.
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Ultracentrifugation is a technique that uses high centrifugal forces generated by rotational speeds of up to 150,000 rpm to separate particles in solution based on differences in size, shape, density, and viscosity. It is an important tool in biochemical research used to isolate molecules like DNA, RNA, lipids, and separate organelles from cells. There are two main types - analytical ultracentrifugation which studies molecular interactions and properties, and preparative ultracentrifugation which isolates and purifies particles using techniques like density gradient centrifugation. Proper rotor selection and maintenance of the centrifuge are important for safe and effective use of this technique.
Centrifugation
Centrifugation uses centrifugal force to separate mixtures based on density. There are several types of centrifuges that differ in maximum speed and other features. Desktop centrifuges have the lowest maximum speed below 3000rpm, while ultracentrifuges can reach speeds over 75,000rpm. Centrifuges consist of a drive motor, temperature control, vacuum, and rotors. Sedimentation velocity separates mixtures in a shallow gradient over a short time, while sedimentation equilibrium separates mixtures to their equilibrium positions in a steep gradient over prolonged high-speed centrifugation.
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Density gradient centrifugation is a technique used to separate particles based on density. It involves placing a sample on a preformed density gradient, such as sucrose or cesium chloride, and centrifuging. Under centrifugation, particles band within the gradient according to their density. There are two types of density gradient centrifugation - rate zonal centrifugation, which separates particles of differing sizes, and isopycnic centrifugation, which separates particles solely based on density. Density gradient centrifugation has many applications, including purification of viruses, bacteria, proteins, and separation of biomolecules.
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Centrifugation
Centrifugation is a mechanical process which involves the use of the centrifugal force to separate particles from a solution according to their size, shape, density, medium viscosity and rotor speed. The larger the size and the larger the density of the particles, the faster they separate from the mixture.
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This document outlines a procedure for isolating microorganisms from a sample using the pour plate method. The aims are to isolate and obtain pure cultures of microorganisms. The principle involves diluting the sample and mixing it with warm agar which is then poured into petri dishes to form individual colonies after incubation. Colonies are then transferred to fresh media for identification. The procedure involves preparing and sterilizing media, diluting the sample, pour plating the dilutions, incubating, and recording results to determine the number of viable microorganisms present.
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Centrifugation is a technique used to separate particles based on size and shape using centrifugal force. Rate zonal centrifugation separates particles based on mass rather than density. It involves layering a sample solution above a preformed density gradient and centrifuging at low speed for a short time, allowing particles to separate into discrete zones based on their sedimentation rates before reaching the bottom. Rate zonal centrifugation is useful for separating particles like organelles, proteins, antibodies, and nucleic acids that have similar densities but different masses.
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This document summarizes centrifugation techniques used to separate particles from solutions based on their properties. It describes how centrifugal force allows for separation by size, shape, density, and other factors. Differential and density gradient centrifugation techniques are outlined, along with examples of how centrifuges and ultracentrifuges work at varying speeds to separate molecules and organelles through pelleting or movement within density gradients. Specific applications like separating DNA and subcellular components are also mentioned.
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Density gradient centrifugation
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centrifuge principle and application
Centrifuge centrifugal force centrifugal working of centrifuge type of centrifuge RPM rotation pre minutes rcf MLT laboratory
Principles and applications of centrifugation ppt
This document discusses the principles and applications of centrifugation. It defines centrifugation as using centripetal force to separate substances of different densities. There are three main types of centrifuges: low-speed centrifuges which operate at speeds up to 5000rpm; high-speed centrifuges which allow more control over speed and temperature; and ultracentrifuges, the most sophisticated, which operate at very high speeds and require vacuum and temperature control. The main applications of centrifugation are preparative techniques like sedimentation and differential centrifugation, and analytical techniques like density gradient and zonal centrifugation which are used to separate and analyze viruses, organelles, and other particles.
Centrifugation
Centrifugation is a process that uses centrifugal force to separate mixtures based on density. It works by spinning a liquid sample at high speeds, causing denser components to migrate outward and separate from less dense components. There are several types of centrifugation including density gradient centrifugation, differential centrifugation, and ultracentrifugation. Centrifugation has many applications such as separating immiscible liquids, purifying cells, and separating blood components.
Preparative and analytical centrifugation
1. Ultracentrifugation is a technique that uses very high speeds to separate particles in solution based on properties like size, shape, density.
2. There are two main types - preparative ultracentrifugation which handles large volumes to separate molecules, and analytical ultracentrifugation which uses small volumes and optical detection to study purified molecules.
3. Preparative ultracentrifugation techniques include differential centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, and zonal centrifugation to separate organelles, proteins, and other molecules. Analytical ultracentrifugation determines molecular weight and detects conformational changes.
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Centrifugation uses centrifugal force to separate particles and macromolecules based on density differences. A centrifuge spins liquid samples at high speeds, causing denser particles to sediment to the bottom while less dense materials remain above. There are two main types - laboratory centrifuges for small volumes, using rotors to spin tubes at 1,000-15,000 rpm, and preparative centrifuges for larger volumes in continuous processes at 500-2,000 rpm. Ultracentrifuges spin at extremely high speeds like 30,000 rpm for analytical and preparative applications.
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Centrifugation
Centrifugation is a technique that uses centrifugal force to separate mixtures based on density. It works by spinning samples at high speeds, which causes heavier components to sediment. There are several types including preparative centrifugation to separate/purify biological samples, analytical centrifugation to determine physical characteristics, differential centrifugation to separate cell components, density gradient centrifugation to separate mixtures based on density differences, and ultracentrifugation using very high speeds. Centrifugation has many applications in research, medicine, and industry.
Centrifugation
Centrifugation is a process that uses centrifugal force to separate mixtures based on density. It has been used since the 17th century and has evolved significantly. There are several types of centrifuges including low-speed, high-speed, ultracentrifuges, and more specialized types. Centrifugation principles involve applying centrifugal force to separate components based on size, density, viscosity, and rotor speed. It has many applications in science, medicine, and industry such as separating blood components, purifying proteins and viruses, and producing skim milk.
Centrifugation
This document discusses centrifugation and provides details about its history, basic principles, types of centrifuges and rotors, and applications. Centrifugation uses centrifugal force to separate mixtures based on density. It has been used since the 1400s and important developments include the first analytical ultracentrifuge in 1920. Common centrifuges include low-speed, high-speed, and ultracentrifuges, which separate particles based on mass and density. Rotors include swinging bucket, fixed angle, and vertical designs. Centrifugation has many clinical and laboratory applications, including separating blood components and subcellular particles.
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CENTRIFUGE INSTRUMENT- A MEDICAL BIOLOGY
A centrifuge is a device used to separate components of a mixture on the basis of their size, density, the viscosity of the medium, and the rotor speed.
The centrifuge is commonly used in laboratories for the separation of biological molecules from a crude extract.
In a centrifuge, the sample is kept in a rotor that is rotated about a fixed point (axis), resulting in strong force perpendicular to the axis.
There are different types of centrifuge used for the separation of different molecules, but they all work on the principle of sedimentation.
Centrifuge
A centrifuge is a piece of laboratory equipment that uses centrifugal force to separate substances of different densities. It spins liquid samples at high speeds using a motor. There are various types of centrifuges depending on their size and capacity, including benchtop models for small samples and larger continuous centrifuges. Centrifuges work by accelerating samples outward using centrifugal force, allowing heavier components to separate out from lighter ones based on density and settle to the bottom. They are used widely in chemistry, biology and biochemistry applications like isolating cellular components and purifying proteins.
Extraction techniques
I AM HAFIZ MUHAMMAD WASEEM from mailsi vehari
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Centrifugation uses centrifugal force to separate mixtures based on density. There are three main types of centrifuges - low-speed centrifuges which operate under 4000-5000 rpm, high-speed centrifuges which operate at higher speeds and temperatures, and ultracentrifuges which operate at very high speeds under vacuum. Centrifugation is used in industry and laboratories to separate dense and less dense components of mixtures through sedimentation.
Centrifugation
Centrifugation is a process that uses centrifugal force to separate mixtures of particles based on density. It works by spinning a sample rapidly, causing denser particles to migrate outward while less dense particles move inward. There are various types of centrifuges and rotors that can be used for different applications like separating blood components, purifying proteins, or clarifying wine. Common techniques include differential centrifugation to separate cell components, density gradient centrifugation to separate mixtures based on buoyant density, and ultracentrifugation for high-speed separations. Centrifugation is widely used in industries like water treatment and laboratories for analytical purposes.
Centrifugation instrument
Centrifugation uses centrifugal force to separate particles in a sample based on density. There are three classifications of centrifuges - low-speed, high-speed, and ultra-speed - which separate particles at different rates based on revolutions per minute. Low-speed centrifuges separate things like serum from blood cells, while high-speed and ultra-speed centrifuges are needed to separate smaller and denser particles like viruses and cell organelles. Proper maintenance of centrifuges, such as lubricating bearings and replacing worn parts, is important for safety and performance.
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Centrifuges
- 2. • Maximum speed • Vacuum • Temperature control • Volume of samples
- 4. Small bench top centrifuges • Maximum speed 4000 to 6000 rpm • RCF is 3000 g force • Can operate at ambient temperature • Rotors used
- 5. Low speed centrifugation • Refrigerated centrifuge • Maximum speed of 6000 rev.per minute • RCF is 6500g force • Large carrying capacity • Interchangeable rotors • Accurate balance needs to be done • For RBCs, nuclei and chloroplasts
- 7. High speed centrifuge • Very high speed • They can go upto 25,000 rev perminute • RCF is 60,000 g force • Interchangeable rotors • Used for pelleting micro organisms, cellular debris and so on
- 9. Ultracentrifuges • Very high speed of 70,000 rpm and more • Rotors are run in high vacuum • Lot of sophistication is required • Rotors do not have to be aerodynamically designed • RCF of 500,000 g force • Can be used for membrane fractionation and viruses and so on
- 10. Ultracentrifuges can be of 2 types • Preparative ultracentrifuge • Analytical ultracentrifuge
- 11. Preparative ultracentrifugation • Maximum speed of 80,000 rpm • RCF is 600,000 g force • Sealed evacuated rotor chamber • Temperature monitoring system • Electronic circuits that detect rotor imbalance • Flexible drive shaft • Protected in armor shield • Table top centrifuges present • Used for sub cellular organelles, viruses etc.
- 12. Analytical ultracentrifuge • They have a system for detection • i.e. they have optical systems • They have 3 types of optical systems a) Absorbance optical system b) Alternative schlieron system c) Rayleigh optical system
- 13. Rotors Types of rotors: a) Fixed angle rotors
- 14. • Swing out bucket rotor
- 16. References • Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology by wilson and walker • http://www.thermoscientific.com • http://www.phys.sinica.edu