This document provides an overview of the central dogma and genetic code. It discusses how DNA is transcribed into mRNA which is then translated into proteins. The genetic code uses triplets of nucleotides called codons to specify the 20 amino acids. There are 64 possible codons but only 61 encode amino acids, while 3 serve as stop signals. The code is degenerate, universal and read in a consistent direction. The wobble hypothesis explains how one tRNA can recognize multiple codons. Mutations can alter codons and result in silent, missense or nonsense changes impacting protein synthesis.