2. SUPERFICIAL MYCOSESSUPERFICIAL MYCOSES
The superficial mycoses are usuallyThe superficial mycoses are usually
confined to the outermost layer of skin,confined to the outermost layer of skin,
hair and do not invade living tissues.hair and do not invade living tissues.
3. Cutaneous mycosesCutaneous mycoses
Infection of the skin, hair or nailsInfection of the skin, hair or nails
caused by a group of keratinophiliccaused by a group of keratinophilic
fungi, called dermatophytesfungi, called dermatophytes
DERMATOPHYTOSISDERMATOPHYTOSIS
(=Tinea = Ringworm)(=Tinea = Ringworm)
Tinea means "ringworm" or "moth-like".
Dermatologists use the term to refer to a
variety of lesions of the skin or scalp.
extend deeper into the epidermis, as well as invasive
hair and nail diseases.
4. DERMATOPHYTESDERMATOPHYTES
Digest keratin by their keratinasesDigest keratin by their keratinases
Resistant to cycloheximideResistant to cycloheximide
Classified intoClassified into three groupsthree groups
depending on their usual habitatdepending on their usual habitat
6. DERMATOPHYTOSISDERMATOPHYTOSIS
Clinical Classification & ManifestationsClinical Classification & Manifestations
Infection is named according to theInfection is named according to the
anatomic location involved:anatomic location involved:
- Tinea corporis - small lesions occurringTinea corporis - small lesions occurring
anywhere on the bodyanywhere on the body
7. - Tinea pedis - "athlete's foot". Infection of toeTinea pedis - "athlete's foot". Infection of toe
webs and soles of feet.webs and soles of feet.
8. - Tinea unguium (onychomycosis) - nails. ClippedTinea unguium (onychomycosis) - nails. Clipped
and used for cultureand used for culture
- Tinea capitis - head. Frequently found in childrenTinea capitis - head. Frequently found in children
9. - Tinea barbae - ringworm of the bearded areas ofTinea barbae - ringworm of the bearded areas of
the face and neck.the face and neck.
10. Ecology of DermatophytesEcology of Dermatophytes
To determine the source of infectionTo determine the source of infection
AnthropophilicAnthropophilic
ZoophilicZoophilic
GeophilicGeophilic
11. AnthropophilicAnthropophilic
Associated with humans only. Person -to-Associated with humans only. Person -to-
person transmission through contaminatedperson transmission through contaminated
objects (comb, hat, etc.)objects (comb, hat, etc.)
12. ZoophilicZoophilic
Associated with animals. DirectAssociated with animals. Direct
transmission to humans by closetransmission to humans by close
contact with animalscontact with animals..
13. GeophilicGeophilic
Usually found in soil. TransmittedUsually found in soil. Transmitted
to humans by direct exposureto humans by direct exposure..
17. Trichophyton rubrumTrichophyton rubrum
Causes a chronic infection inCauses a chronic infection in
patients with a cell-mediatedpatients with a cell-mediated
immune defect.( Tinea Capitis).immune defect.( Tinea Capitis).
31. - Characterized by a blotchy discoloration of skinCharacterized by a blotchy discoloration of skin
which may itch.which may itch.
- Up to 25% of the general population may have this lesion at- Up to 25% of the general population may have this lesion at
any one time.any one time.
- Diagnosis is usually possible by direct microscopic- Diagnosis is usually possible by direct microscopic
examination of KOH-treated skin scrapings which show aexamination of KOH-treated skin scrapings which show a
typical aspect of mycelia and spores described as "spaghettitypical aspect of mycelia and spores described as "spaghetti
and meatballs.“and meatballs.“
34. TINEA NIGRATINEA NIGRA
Superficial chronic infection ofSuperficial chronic infection of
Stratum corneumStratum corneum
Etio:Etio: HortaeHortae (Exophiala) werneckii(Exophiala) werneckii
(pigmented)(pigmented)
Frequent in tropical areasFrequent in tropical areas
Clinical findings:Clinical findings: Brownish maculaeBrownish maculae
on palms, fingers, faceon palms, fingers, face
35. TINEA NIGRATINEA NIGRA
Micr.:Micr.: Septate hyphae and yeastSeptate hyphae and yeast
cells (brown in color)cells (brown in color)
Culture:Culture: Black coloniesBlack colonies
Treatm.:Treatm.: Topical salicylic acid,Topical salicylic acid,
tincture of iodinetincture of iodine
36. BLACK PIEDRABLACK PIEDRA
Fungal infection of the scalp hairFungal infection of the scalp hair
Etio:Etio: Piedraia hortaePiedraia hortae
Frequent in tropical areasFrequent in tropical areas
Clinical findings:Clinical findings: Discrete, hard,Discrete, hard,
dark brown to black nodules ondark brown to black nodules on
the hairthe hair
37. BLACK PIEDRABLACK PIEDRA
Micr.Micr. Septate pigmented hyphae,Septate pigmented hyphae,
and asci; unicellular and fusiformand asci; unicellular and fusiform
ascospores with polar filament(s)ascospores with polar filament(s)
Culture:Culture: Brown to black coloniesBrown to black colonies
Treatm.:Treatm.: Topical salicylic acid,Topical salicylic acid,
azol cremesazol cremes
38. WHITE PIEDRAWHITE PIEDRA
Fungal infection of facial, axillaryFungal infection of facial, axillary
or genital hairor genital hair
Etio:Etio: TrichosporonTrichosporon (yeast)(yeast)
Frequent in tropical andFrequent in tropical and
temperate zonestemperate zones
39. WHITE PIEDRAWHITE PIEDRA
Clinical findings:Clinical findings: Soft, white toSoft, white to
yellowish nodules looselyyellowish nodules loosely
attached to the hairattached to the hair
Micr.:Micr.: Intertwined septateIntertwined septate
hyphae, blasto- and arthroconidiahyphae, blasto- and arthroconidia
Culture:Culture: Soft, creamy coloniesSoft, creamy colonies
Treatm.:Treatm.: Shaving, azolesShaving, azoles
