The document describes the main components of a steering system including the steering wheel, steering column, steering gear, pitman arm, drag link, steering arm, tie rods, and steering shaft. It explains how each component functions and how they work together to convert the rotational motion of the steering wheel into linear motion that controls the wheels. The steering gear uses a pitman arm to translate rotational motion into linear motion to control the tie rods and steering of the wheels. Four-wheel steering can improve parking, response, turning, and stability by allowing the rear wheels to turn in or out of phase with the front wheels depending on speed.

2. PARTS OF A STEERING SYSTEM
 Steering Wheel
 Steering Column
 Steering Gear
 Pitman Arm
 Drag Link
 Steering Arm
 Tie Rods
 Steering Shaft

3. STEERING
WHEEL
•It is the part which is located in
front of drivers seat.
•It is connected to steering shaft.

4. STEERING SHAFT
•It connects the steering wheel to the gear box.
•It has U-joints for providing angles.

5. STEERING COLUMN
•It is attached to the body of the vehicle.
•It acts as a supporter to steering shaft.
•Steering shaft passes through it.

6. STEERING GEAR
•It converts the rotary motion of the steering shaft to the linear
motion of the tie rods.
• In this we have use a pitman arm in place of gear box.

7. DRAG LINK
•It is connecting between the steering arm of rear tyres.
•It enables the steering of one wheel w.r.t the other.

8. CONNECTING LINK
•It connects the steering of rear wheels
with the front wheels.
•It is connected to the steering arm of one
of the rear wheel to the steering arm or
pitman arm ( as per mechanism)
•It is slightly bend to avoid its contact
from the paddle.

9. TIE RODS
•It connects the pitman arm/gear box to the steering arm.
•It is mainly present in the front steering only.

10. DRIVING MECHANISM
•It is paddle drive which
is connected to one of the
rear wheel with the help
of chain drive.

11. MECHANISM
 In a four wheel steering system
at low speeds, the front wheels
and rear wheels are out of phase
for low turning radius. However
at high speeds, the front and rear
wheels should be in phase to
increase the stability of a
vehicle.

12. •In picture the connecting rod connected to pitman arm(left) is shown,
which led to counter phase steering.

13. Left Portion Right Portion

14. steering wheel steered
to the right
steering wheel steered
to the left

15. FINAL PROJECT

16. FUTURE ASPECTS

17. ADVANTAGES
 Improve parking
performance of a vehicle
 Improve Steering response
 Sharp turning performance
at low speeds
 Improve directional stability
at high speeds