1) Suspension is the term given to the
system of springs, shock absorbers and
linkages that connect a vehicle to its
wheels
3) Serve a dual purpose – contributing to the
car's handling and braking.
2) Protects the vehicle itself and any cargo or
luggage from damage and wear
Frame and Body of Automobile
Introduction to chassis, Classification of chassis, Conventional chassis,
Semi forward chassis, Full forward chassis, Engine at the front, Engine at the rear, Engine in mid, Frame of the automobile, Function of Frame, types of frame, conventional frame, semi-integral frame, integral frame, defects in chassis, Body of the automobile, types of the body in automobile,
The suspension System of an automobile is one which separates the wheel/axle assembly from the body. The primary function of the suspension system is to isolate the vehicle structure from shocks & vibration due to irregularities of the road surface.
1) Suspension is the term given to the
system of springs, shock absorbers and
linkages that connect a vehicle to its
wheels
3) Serve a dual purpose – contributing to the
car's handling and braking.
2) Protects the vehicle itself and any cargo or
luggage from damage and wear
Frame and Body of Automobile
Introduction to chassis, Classification of chassis, Conventional chassis,
Semi forward chassis, Full forward chassis, Engine at the front, Engine at the rear, Engine in mid, Frame of the automobile, Function of Frame, types of frame, conventional frame, semi-integral frame, integral frame, defects in chassis, Body of the automobile, types of the body in automobile,
The suspension System of an automobile is one which separates the wheel/axle assembly from the body. The primary function of the suspension system is to isolate the vehicle structure from shocks & vibration due to irregularities of the road surface.
Propeller shaft is a circular shaft which is used to transmit the power or rotational motion from the gear box to the final drive.
The propeller shaft as the name suggest “ propels the vehicle.
Propeller shaft is a circular shaft which is used to transmit the power or rotational motion from the gear box to the final drive.
The propeller shaft as the name suggest “ propels the vehicle.
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A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
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Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
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Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
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1. Chapter no 3
Automobile Suspension System
By Er D S Phapale
B.E. Automobile, M.E. Cad/Cam(Appear)
2. Function Suspension System
•Supports the weight.
•Provides a smooth ride.
•Allows rapid cornering without extreme
body roll.
•Keeps tires in firm contact with the road.
•Prevents excessive body squat.
•Prevents excessive body dive.
•Allows front wheels to turn side-to-side for steering.
•Works with the steering system to keep the wheels in correct alignment.
3.
4. Types of Suspension System
1.Non-independent/Rigid suspension has both right and left wheel attached to the
same solid axle. When one wheel hits a bump in the road, its upward movement
causes a slight tilt of the other wheel.
2.Independent suspension allows one wheel to move up and down with minimal
effect to the other.
8. Suspension System
Basic Parts
Control arm – movable lever that fastens
the steering knuckle to the vehicle’s
body or frame.
Steering Knuckle – provides a spindle or
bearing support for the wheel hub, bearings
and wheel assembly.
9.
10. 1 Wishbone Suspension
The suspension must be
designed in such a way as to
keep the wheel upright for
maximum tyre contact
(vehicle control) and to
minimize tyre wear.
Upper wishbone
The upper wishbone is
short and the lower
wishbone is longer.
Both wishbones pivot points
and lengths are calculated to
provide the best operating
angle for a given suspension
movement.
Lower wishbone
10 of 12
11. Advantages & Disadvantages of
Wishbone type independent suspension
Advantages
•Ride quality is good.
•Improve the steering
preciseness since the
wheel movement are not
link
•Ground clearance
increase
Applications:-SUV,CARS
Disadvantages
•Initial cost is more
•Maintenance cost is more.
•Required frequent wheel
alignment otherwise increase
tyre wear.
12. 2 MacPherson Strut
This is a very popular and efficient form of
suspension. It has one control arm and a strut
assembly. A coil spring and shock absorber
will normally form parts of the strut assembly.
Coil springs may be mounted on
the control arm instead of being
around the strut. On this type,
the shock absorber connects
the knuckle to the frame.
Strut
assembly
Frame
Shock
absorber
Knuckle
This type of suspension strut is
often also used on rear
suspension systems.
Coil spring
Control
arm
12 of 12
14. MacPherson Strut Suspension
The top of the strut is bolted to
a reinforced section of the
frame structure.
Steering knuckle
The lower end of the strut is
attached to a steering knuckle.
Strut
The control arm is also attached
to the steering knuckle.
Frame
The control arms are mounted on
a cradle section of the frame.
An anti-roll bar links the two
control arms together to reduce
sway (body roll).
Control
arm
Cradle
Anti-roll bar
14 of 12
15. Advantages & Disadvantages of
Macpherson strut suspension
Advantages
Disadvantages
•Light in weight.
•Not suitable for Heavy motor
•Camber does not change due vehicle.
•Load caring capacity is less.
to up & movement of wheels
•Maximum Engine compartment
available.
•Maintenance cost is less.
•Initial cost is less.
•Ride comfort is more.
•Improve road safety.
Applications:-CARS
16. Solid Rear Axle Suspension
This type of rear suspension
is typical for a rear-wheel
drive vehicle.
Shock absorber
Coil
springs
The axle is inside a
solid housing.
The shock
absorbers are
mounted between the
solid axle and the frame.
Axle housing
Stabilizer bar
The springs are arranged between the
axle housing and the frame of the vehicle.
Trailing arm
Trailing arms, or links, hold the rear axle in position.
A stabilizer bar and track bar are included to add vehicle stability.
16 of 12
17. Independent Suspension System Parts
Basic Parts
Ball Joints – swivel joints that allow
control arm and steering knuckle to
move up and down and side to side.
Springs – supports the weight of the
vehicle; permits the control arm and
Wheel to move up and down.
18. Shock absorbers or dampeners – keeps
the suspension from continuing to bounce
after spring compression and extension.
Control arm bushing – sleeves that
allows the control arm to swing
up and down on the frame.
23. Schematic view of Air
Suspension System
Location of Air bellows
Location of Air bellows in Heavy
Motor Vehicles
24. Advantages & Disadvantages of Air
suspension
Advantages
•Variable space for wheel
deflection is put for optimum
use for automatic height control
•Head light alignment does not
vary due to different loading
condition.
•It improve the ride comfort.
•Reduce noise in suspension
system.
Applications:- Volvo Buses
Disadvantages
•Higher initial cost
•Occupies more space.
•Maintenance cost is more
•Due lack of friction damping is
necessary due road shock
25.
26. Torsion Bar
The bar resists twisting action and acts
like a conventional spring
27. Torsion bar (large spring rod)
•One end is attached to the frame and the other to the lower control arm.
•Up and down of the suspension system twists the torsion bar.
•It will then try to return to its original shape, moving the control arm to its
original place.
28. Advantages & Disadvantages of Torsion
bar suspension
Advantages
•Light in weight.
•Less space
occupies .
•Its maintenance cost
is less.
•Initial cost is less.
•Ride comfort is more.
Disadvantages
•It does not take accelerate &
Braking thrust so required
additional linkages
•Due lack of friction damping is
necessary due road shock
•
Applications:-SUV Tata Safari, Tempo
Trax
29. Suspension System
Shock absorbers
•Limits spring compression-extension
movements to smooth the vehicle’s ride.
•Without shock absorbers, the vehicle
would continue to bounce up and down
long after striking dip or hump in the road.
34. Sway Bar (Stabilizer Bar)
•
•
•
Sway bar links connect the bar to the control arms
The function of a sway bar is usually to prevent weight transfer from one side to the
other in cornering situations. By preventing weight transfer, the inside wheel in a
corner maintains more of its static weight.
The sway bars main function is to equalize the suspension springs mainly when
cornering. Most sway bars are U-shaped and have two rubber bushings mounted in
metal brackets. Some sway bars also have rubber grommets on the end of the bars.
The rubber bushings will stay stationary as the sway bar flexes. The sway bar
bushings can wear out and periodically applying a lubricant can help to prolong their
usefulness
35. Suspension System
Sway Bar (Stabilizer Bar)
•Used to keep the body from leaning excessively in sharp turns.
•Fastened to lower control arms. (rubber bushings are used)
•During cornering, centrifugal force makes the outside of body drop and inside raise.
•The bar’s resistance to twisting motion limits body lean in corners.
36. Advantages of stabilliaser bar
Advantages
•It prevent the road shocks
•To provide safe guard to
occupied & passenger
•To provide stability to vehicle
during rolling pitching bouncing
yawing
