This document discusses the history and applications of automotive electronics, or autotronics. It begins with an introduction defining autotronics as the combination of automobiles and electronics. The history section then outlines the timeline of electronic developments in automobiles from the 1970s introduction of engine controls to modern technologies like infotainment systems, GPS, and wireless connectivity. The document proceeds to describe several major automobile systems and how electronics are used in braking, steering, suspension, transmission, engine fuel injection, and safety features like airbags and adaptive cruise control. It concludes by discussing future research areas in automotive electronics.

1. SANDEEP KUMAR YADAV
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ROLL NO. CSJMA12001390272
UIET CSJM UNIVERSITY
KANPUR

2. AUTRONICS IN A VIEW
FIG.1 [1]

3. INTRODUCTION
 AUTOTRONICS= AUTOMOBILE + ELECTRONICS
 first electronic part in an automobile was called an ECU
(Engine control unit)
 Analysts estimate that more than 80 percent of all automotive
innovation now stems from electronics
FIG.2 [2]

4. HISTORY:
TIMELINE:
 1970’s: Introduction of electronics for engine controls
 1980’s: Anti-lock braking introduced
 Early 1990’s: Airbags become standard
 Late 1990’s: Rapid expansion of body electronics – seat
motors
 Computers, instrument panel lighting, auto locking systems and
keyless entry
 Early 2000’s to date: infotainment, including sophisticated
audio and video ; Signals sent via satellite (such as the OnStar
System); GPS and mapping Capabilities; satellite radio
 Late 2000’s: Steer-by-wire, wireless connectivity

5. Automobile applications of autotronics
in following domains:
• Braking system
• Steering system
• Suspension system
• Transmission system
• Engine (fuel intake)

6. Braking system
 EBS increases traffic safety through
reduced stopping distance and improved
brake stability.
Functions In ECB:
 Anti-lock braking system (ABS):
 Traction control system (TCS)
 Brake lining wear control
FIG.3[3]

7. ABS:
 ABS is an acronym for anti-lock braking system. First
developed and patented in 1936, ABS is actually derived from
the German term "anti blockier system."
 Anti-lock brakes are designed to prevent skidding and help
drivers maintain steering control during an emergency stopping
situation
Difference between ABS & Traction Control
 ABS
manage the grip of the tires for braking maneuver
 Traction Control
manage the grip of the tires for accelerating maneuver

8. STEERING SYSTEM
 The self-alignment estimation
control uses both the EPS sensor
information and internally
programmed EPS control.
Speed sensitive steering system:
 Used to control the power
steering pump pressure in relation to vehicle speed.
 Below 10mph (16km/h) the computer operates the steering
 This action reduces the steering effort during low speed
maneuver and parking.

9.  Electrically powered steering
uses an electric motor to drive
either the power steering
hydraulic pump or the steering
directly.
 Steering sensor" is located
on the input shaft where
it enters the gearbox housing.
 An interface circuit that
same housing converts the
signals from the torque sensor and rotation sensor into signals.
 The vehicle motion estimation control uses the steering angular
velocity information internally programmed in the EPS system.
 This control helps improve yaw damping of the vehicle at higher
speeds on the road.
Sensors
 Accelerating sensor ,displacement sensors, Steering wheel position

10. SUSPENSION SYSTEM
 suspension systems in most vehicles on the road today are
passive.
 Shock absorbers help to dissipate the energy applied to the
springs and damp the oscillations .
Active Roll Control Systems :
 Vehicles lean when cornering due to the weight transfer
imposed by lateral acceleration. Factors contributing to the roll
angle of the vehicle include vehicle height and suspension
stiffness.
 ARC system uses hydraulic and electronic technology to the
vehicle roll angle in cornering, which improves handling.

11. The active roll control system contains
 Control module,
 Accelerometer,
 Speed sensor,
 Fluid reservoir,
 Electrohydraulic pump,
 Pressure control valve,
 Directional control valve, FIG.4[4]
 A hydraulic actuator in both the
front and rear stabilizer bars .

12. TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
 Mainly it controls the shifting process of the gears.
 Electronically controlled transmissions were introduced on
BMW products in 1986 on 5 and7 series vehicles.
 The TCM also adapts to changing conditions within the
transmission by monitoring slip ratios .
 The TCM controls the operation of the Lock-Up Torque
Converter which further increases economy
ADVANTAGES:
 Increased fuel economy
 Improved shift comfort
 Increased driving safety

13. Electronic Fuel Injection
 EFI system electronically
meters the fuel so that the
exact amount needed is provided
to the engine.
 EFI uses to fuel to power the
engine by pumping it forcibly FIG.5[4]
by using high pressure through a
small nozzle or valve.
 A high-pressure fuel pump that produces high fuel
pressures (5 to 12 MPa)

14. ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL
 It automatically adjusts the
vehicle speed and distance to
that of a target vehicle.
 ACC uses a long range radar
sensor to detect a target
vehicle up to 200 meters in
front of vehicle.
 As per standard cruise control FIG.6[4]
the driver can override the system at any time.
 Another advantage of this system is that the driver will not
exceed the speed limit on the highway.

15. Airbags
0000
FIG.7[4]
 The air bag technology is based on electronic sensors that
measure the amount of quick deceleration through an
accelerometer
 The new calculations will take into account the position of the
seats, the use of a seat belt and the weight of the occupants.

16. Latest research
 Active bumper system,
 active hood lift system,
 vehicle to vehicle communication
 Camber thrust in F 1 vehicles
 Global Positioning System
 Rain sensing wipers
 Adaptive light system

17. CONCLUSION
 We briefly presented current and future vehicular electronics
system
 An approach that uses modern technique to solve most of the
local vehicular problems.
 The automobile industry and will likely continue as people
always want and expect more from their cars.

18. REFERENCE
[1] Mechanical Engineering Design by Joseph Shigley.
[2]”Applying Model-Based Design to Commercial Vehicle
Electronics Systems”; Tom Egel, Michael Burke, Michael
Carone, Wensi Jin The Math Works, Inc.; 2008.
[3] Development of EPS+; Sumio MOTOYAMA 2009.
[4] REAL TIME FUEL INJECTION IN SI ENGINE USING
ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION; V. VINOTH KUMAR;
2010.