Foundation Types | Jameel Academy
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
7 likes•417 views
This document outlines different types of foundations used in building construction. It discusses shallow foundations like isolated, combined, and wall footings that are used when the soil can support loads. Deep foundations like pile foundations are used when the soil is weak or groundwater levels are high. Pile foundations include end bearing piles and friction piles made of materials like concrete, steel, or wood. The document also states that foundation quality depends on design and construction materials and their type depends on site conditions, as foundations are crucial to supporting buildings.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Foundation and its types
This document defines and describes different types of foundations. It begins by defining shallow and deep foundations based on their depth. Shallow foundations discussed include isolated spread footings, wall footings, combined footings, cantilever or strap footings, raft or mat foundations, and grillage foundations. Deep foundations discussed are pile foundations and pier foundations. Pile foundations are further classified as load-bearing, friction, or load-bearing cum friction piles. The document provides diagrams and detailed descriptions of the characteristics and uses of each foundation type.
Building foundation
This presentation includes requirements of foundation, types of foundation, construction steps of foundation.
DEEP FOUNDATION
Deep foundations are used when the bearing stratum is located at a significant depth below the surface. The most common types of deep foundations are pile foundations, cofferdams, and caisson foundations. Pile foundations support structures using vertical piles that transfer loads either through end bearing or skin friction. Piles can be made of timber, concrete, steel, or a composite. Cofferdams are temporary structures used to exclude water from a construction site to allow work below the water level. Common types include earthfill, rockfill, single-walled, and cellular cofferdams. Caissons are watertight structures that become part of the permanent foundation. Types are open caissons, box caissons
Foundation
This document provides an overview of foundations for building construction. It discusses the importance of foundations in distributing building loads to the ground. There are two main types of foundations - shallow foundations and deep foundations. Shallow foundations include spread footings, grillage foundations, raft foundations, stepped foundations, and mat/slab foundations. Deep foundations transfer loads deep into the earth and include drilled caissons, driven piles, and precast concrete piles. Foundation design considers factors like soil type, structural requirements, construction requirements, site conditions, and cost. The document also discusses waterproofing, drainage, and underpinning foundations.
Foundation and its types
The document discusses different types of foundations for buildings. It describes shallow foundations, which transfer loads to depths of less than 3 meters, including spread footings, strip foundations, mat foundations, and combined footings. It also describes deep foundations, which transfer loads to depths greater than 3 meters, including pile foundations and caisson foundations. Key factors for determining the appropriate foundation type include the soil bearing capacity and required load capacity of the structure.
Pile foundation
Piles are deep foundations used to transfer structural loads through weak or wet soils to stronger soils below. Piles can be classified based on function (end bearing, friction, tension), material (concrete, timber, steel), or installation method (driven, cast-in-place). Key factors in pile design include soil properties, load types, and groundwater conditions. The ultimate load capacity of a pile considers end bearing and side friction, while the allowable load uses a factor of safety. Dynamic testing and soil parameters can be used to estimate pile capacities.
Pile foundation ppt 2 (usefulsearch.org) (useful search)
Pile foundations are used when the bearing capacity of soil is low or uneven and the soil is located at a greater depth. Piles transfer structural loads directly to the soil layer below by end bearing or side friction. Common pile types include timber, concrete, steel, and composite piles which are classified based on function, material, and installation method. Pile foundations provide solutions for difficult soil conditions like compressible, waterlogged, or made ground and are widely used for bridges, buildings, and marine structures.
Deep foundation
This document discusses different types of foundations, focusing on pile foundations. It defines foundations and classifies them as either shallow or deep. Pile foundations are described as deep foundations that transfer loads to deeper, stronger soils using piles. The main types of piles - displacement, replacement, and installation techniques - are outlined. Specific pile types are then detailed, including pre-cast concrete, pre-stressed concrete spun, steel H, bored, and wood piles. The document concludes by describing end bearing piles, friction piles, settlement reducing piles, and piles in fill.
Recommended
Foundation and its types
This document defines and describes different types of foundations. It begins by defining shallow and deep foundations based on their depth. Shallow foundations discussed include isolated spread footings, wall footings, combined footings, cantilever or strap footings, raft or mat foundations, and grillage foundations. Deep foundations discussed are pile foundations and pier foundations. Pile foundations are further classified as load-bearing, friction, or load-bearing cum friction piles. The document provides diagrams and detailed descriptions of the characteristics and uses of each foundation type.
Building foundation
This presentation includes requirements of foundation, types of foundation, construction steps of foundation.
DEEP FOUNDATION
Deep foundations are used when the bearing stratum is located at a significant depth below the surface. The most common types of deep foundations are pile foundations, cofferdams, and caisson foundations. Pile foundations support structures using vertical piles that transfer loads either through end bearing or skin friction. Piles can be made of timber, concrete, steel, or a composite. Cofferdams are temporary structures used to exclude water from a construction site to allow work below the water level. Common types include earthfill, rockfill, single-walled, and cellular cofferdams. Caissons are watertight structures that become part of the permanent foundation. Types are open caissons, box caissons
Foundation
This document provides an overview of foundations for building construction. It discusses the importance of foundations in distributing building loads to the ground. There are two main types of foundations - shallow foundations and deep foundations. Shallow foundations include spread footings, grillage foundations, raft foundations, stepped foundations, and mat/slab foundations. Deep foundations transfer loads deep into the earth and include drilled caissons, driven piles, and precast concrete piles. Foundation design considers factors like soil type, structural requirements, construction requirements, site conditions, and cost. The document also discusses waterproofing, drainage, and underpinning foundations.
Foundation and its types
The document discusses different types of foundations for buildings. It describes shallow foundations, which transfer loads to depths of less than 3 meters, including spread footings, strip foundations, mat foundations, and combined footings. It also describes deep foundations, which transfer loads to depths greater than 3 meters, including pile foundations and caisson foundations. Key factors for determining the appropriate foundation type include the soil bearing capacity and required load capacity of the structure.
Pile foundation
Piles are deep foundations used to transfer structural loads through weak or wet soils to stronger soils below. Piles can be classified based on function (end bearing, friction, tension), material (concrete, timber, steel), or installation method (driven, cast-in-place). Key factors in pile design include soil properties, load types, and groundwater conditions. The ultimate load capacity of a pile considers end bearing and side friction, while the allowable load uses a factor of safety. Dynamic testing and soil parameters can be used to estimate pile capacities.
Pile foundation ppt 2 (usefulsearch.org) (useful search)
Pile foundations are used when the bearing capacity of soil is low or uneven and the soil is located at a greater depth. Piles transfer structural loads directly to the soil layer below by end bearing or side friction. Common pile types include timber, concrete, steel, and composite piles which are classified based on function, material, and installation method. Pile foundations provide solutions for difficult soil conditions like compressible, waterlogged, or made ground and are widely used for bridges, buildings, and marine structures.
Deep foundation
This document discusses different types of foundations, focusing on pile foundations. It defines foundations and classifies them as either shallow or deep. Pile foundations are described as deep foundations that transfer loads to deeper, stronger soils using piles. The main types of piles - displacement, replacement, and installation techniques - are outlined. Specific pile types are then detailed, including pre-cast concrete, pre-stressed concrete spun, steel H, bored, and wood piles. The document concludes by describing end bearing piles, friction piles, settlement reducing piles, and piles in fill.
Foundations
Definition,
functions,
types of foundations,
foundation loads,
selection criteria for foundations based on soil conditions,
bearing capacity of soil,
methods of testing,
method of improving bearing capacity of soil,
settlement of foundations,
precautions against settlement,
shallow and deep foundations,
different types of foundations – wall footing (strip footing), isolated footing, combined footing, raft foundation, pile foundation etc.
Types Of Foundations For Building - ARCHITECA
This document discusses different types of foundations for buildings, including shallow and deep foundations. Shallow foundations discussed include individual/isolated foundations, combined foundations, spread foundations, and raft/mat foundations. Deep foundations discussed include basement foundations, pile foundations, drill shaft foundations, hollow box foundations, and cylinders foundations. The document provides details on the definition, benefits, and uses of each foundation type to help builders and architects choose the right foundation for their needs.
Foundation
The document provides information on the basics of civil engineering foundations. It discusses the objectives and types of foundations, including shallow foundations like isolated and combined footings, and deep foundations such as pile and pier foundations. Pile foundations can be friction piles or load bearing piles. Factors that determine the size and bearing capacity of foundations are also covered. The document contains diagrams to illustrate foundation components and construction methods.
types of Foundations with animated sketches
This document discusses different types of foundations used to support structures. It begins by stating the objectives are to understand foundation construction, types of foundations, and which are suitable for different soil types. It then defines foundations as the lowest part of a structure below ground that transmits the weight to the subsoil. The main types discussed are shallow foundations, which include wall, column, combined, and mat foundations, and deep foundations, such as pile, under-reamed pile, and well foundations. Specific foundation types like isolated column, combined, mat, pile, under-reamed pile and well foundations are then described in more detail.
Shallow Foundation
The document describes different types of shallow foundations, including spread footings, combined footings, and raft/mat foundations. Spread footings include wall footings, reinforced concrete footings, inverted arch footings, and column footings. Combined footings are used when columns are close together or near a property line. Raft foundations consist of a thick concrete slab covering the entire structure area and are used when soil capacity is low or loads are large. The document also discusses advantages, limitations, and construction procedures of shallow foundations.
Shallow foundation
This document discusses different types of foundations. It describes shallow foundations, which are placed immediately below the structure and distribute loads over a wide area near the surface. Spread footings, combined footings, and mat/raft foundations are types of shallow foundations. Spread footings are used to support columns and walls. Combined footings support two or more closely spaced columns. Mat foundations consist of a thick concrete slab covering the entire bottom of the structure. The document also outlines some limitations and advantages of shallow foundations.
Deep excavation
This document discusses deep excavation methods used for underground construction. Deep excavation is defined as deeper than 15 feet and requires retaining structures like walls, piles, or sheets. Common methods are bottom-up, top-down, and cut-and-cover. Retaining structures are installed, then the soil is excavated in levels while installing horizontal steel struts for bracing before further excavation. Dewatering using sumps, pumps, and wells is also required to control groundwater levels during excavation. Deep excavation is used to construct underground metro stations, tunnels, buildings, and dams.
Pile foundation ppt
This document provides information about pile foundations. Pile foundations are used when the soil cannot support building loads and piles are driven deep into the ground until they reach a bearing stratum. Piles can be made of timber, concrete, or steel. They transfer loads from the building to the stronger subsurface layer. The document discusses different types of piles including end bearing and friction piles and explains how pile caps are reinforced to resist tensile and shear forces from heavy loads. Diagrams show how pile foundations are arranged and how piles transmit loads into the ground.
Foundation
A foundation is a lower portion of building structure that transfers its gravity loads to the earth. Foundations are generally broken into two categories: shallow foundations and deep foundations. ... Once the foundation has been packed down tightly, or dried hard, we can begin to build the building superstructure.
Deep foundation - pile foundation
This document provides an overview of a class on deep pile foundations. It includes the class schedule, topics to be covered such as introduction to foundations, types of pile foundations, selection criteria for pile foundations, classification of pile foundations, materials used, advantages and disadvantages of different pile foundations. It outlines assignments to be submitted like plans, elevations and details of pile foundations using manual drafting and literature study reports with sketches, photos and CAD drawings. Notes for students regarding standards, submission deadlines and medical exemptions are also provided.
Foundation
This document defines and describes different types of shallow foundations, including spread footings, combined footings, strap footings, grillage foundations, and raft foundations. Spread footings distribute a structure's load over a large area and can be single, stepped, or sloped. Combined footings are used when columns are close together to avoid interference. Strap footings connect independent column footings with a beam. Grillage foundations use layers of steel beams in concrete to distribute loads in poor soil. Raft foundations use a thick concrete slab covering the entire building area for structures on very poor soils.
Component of building
The document discusses the key components of building construction including the foundation, substructure, superstructure, and various elements within each. It notes that the foundation transmits loads to the soil, the substructure is below ground level and includes the foundation, and the superstructure above ground includes elements like walls, columns, beams, floors, roofs, doors, windows, and stairs. Each component is described in one to two sentences explaining its purpose and role within the overall building structure.
shallow foundation
A shallow foundation is a type of building foundation that transfers building loads to the earth very near to the surface, rather than to a subsurface layer or a range of depths as does a deep foundation. Shallow foundations include spread footing foundations, mat-slab foundations, slab-on-grade foundations, pad foundations, rubble trench foundations and earthbag foundations.
Plate load test ppt
1. Plate load tests are conducted to determine the ultimate bearing capacity of soil and settlement under a given load by applying loads to circular or square steel plates embedded in an excavated pit.
2. The test setup involves excavating a pit below the depth of the proposed foundation, placing the test plate with a central hole at the bottom, and applying load using a hydraulic jack while measuring settlement.
3. The results provide the subgrade modulus, ultimate bearing capacity divided by a safety factor to determine the safe bearing capacity, and insight into foundation behavior and allowable settlement for design.
Retaining wall
inexpensive retaining wall options
types of retaining walls residential
types of retaining wall blocks
low cost retaining wall ideas
types of retaining wall systems
retaining wall ideas for sloping yard
retaining walls ideas
poured concrete retaining wall
gravity retaining wall design example
gravity wall vs cantilever wall
type of retaining walls
cantilever retaining wall design
cantilever retaining wall calculations
concrete cantilever wall
cantilever retaining wall design spreadsheet
cantilever retaining wall design example
cantilever wall design
cantilever retaining wall spreadsheet
cantilever retaining wall design software
images of garden retaining walls
images of stone retaining walls
concrete retaining walls images
pictures of retaining wall blocks
low retaining wall pictures
rock retaining walls pictures
photos of small retaining walls
pictures of retaining walls landscape
concret
railroad tie retaining wall repair
retaining wall railroad ties pictures
railroad tie retaining wall construction
railroad tie retaining walls design
replacing a railroad retaining wall
removing railroad tie retaining wall
installing railroad tie retaining wall
railroad ties retaining wall cost
cantilever wall
gravity retaining wall calculations
types of retaining walls residential
large rock retaining wall designs
gravity stone retaining wall design
retaining wall blocks suppliers
interlocking block retaining wall systems
used retaining wall blocks for sale
local retaining wall blocks suppliers
buy wholesale retaining wall blocks
home depot retaining wall bricks
buy retaining wall blocks direct
retaining wall blocks for sale
counterfort retaining wall design
counterfort design example
types of retaining walls
buttress vs counterfort
precast counterfort wall
large precast concrete wall blocks
retaining wall calculations and design
counterfort foundation
RETAINING WALL
INTRODUCTION OF RETAINING WALL, COMPONENTS , BASIC INFORMATION OF RETAINING WALL, TYPES OF RETAINING WALL, GRAVITY RETAINING WALL, COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALL, SHEET PILES , DIAPHRGM WALL
Footing design(09.02.03.096)
The document discusses various types of footings used in building foundations. It defines a footing as the lower part of a foundation constructed below ground level on solid ground. The main purposes of footings are to transfer structural loads to the soil over a large area to prevent soil and building movement, and to resist settlement and lateral loads. Common footing types include isolated, strap, strip/continuous, and combined footings. Key data needed for footing design includes soil bearing capacity, structural loads, and column dimensions. The document outlines general design procedures and considerations for spread, combined, strap, and brick footings.
Tos ppt foundation
1) Shallow foundations, such as spread footings, are used to transfer structural loads from columns and walls directly to soil. Spread footings spread loads over a large soil area to avoid overstressing the soil.
2) Loads on foundations include dead loads from the structure itself, live loads from occupancy, and other loads like wind forces. Settlements can be uniform or differential, with differential settlement needing to be minimized.
3) Common types of shallow foundations are square, rectangular, circular, continuous strip, combined, and ring spread footings. Foundation depth and location depends on soil properties and surrounding structures.
TYPES OF PILE FOUNDATION & APPLICATIONS
The PPT about pile foundation and types of pile foundation.It is very useful and make very properly.If you don't know about pile foundation then no problem only just refer this PPT and then you will become to know about pile foundation very well.I hope this will helpful to someone.
Types of foundations
The document discusses different types of foundations for buildings. It describes shallow foundations like isolated footings, combined footings, mat or raft foundations, and strap footings. It also discusses deep foundations such as pile foundations, pier foundations, well foundations, and diaphragm foundations. Pile foundations are further classified by function and material, including end bearing piles, friction piles, composite piles, concrete piles, and steel piles.
Types of Foundation and Site Investigation.pdf
The document discusses site investigation methods for determining appropriate foundation types. It describes various types of shallow and deep foundations. Site investigation involves soil exploration through methods like boreholes, test pits, and geophysical surveys to understand soil properties and water levels. Different sampling techniques are used to collect disturbed and undisturbed soil samples for analysis. Findings are documented in a bore log report making recommendations on foundation design.
DIFFERENT TYPE OF SHALLOW FOUNDATION
This document discusses different types of shallow foundations used in civil engineering. It describes shallow foundations as those placed immediately below the superstructure to distribute structural loads over a wide, shallow area below ground level. The main types discussed are spread footings, combined footings, mat/raft foundations, and grillage footings. Spread footings are used to support columns and walls, and can be wall, reinforced concrete, inverted arch, or column footings. Combined and mat foundations are used when columns are close together or loads are large.
More Related Content
What's hot
Foundations
Definition,
functions,
types of foundations,
foundation loads,
selection criteria for foundations based on soil conditions,
bearing capacity of soil,
methods of testing,
method of improving bearing capacity of soil,
settlement of foundations,
precautions against settlement,
shallow and deep foundations,
different types of foundations – wall footing (strip footing), isolated footing, combined footing, raft foundation, pile foundation etc.
Types Of Foundations For Building - ARCHITECA
This document discusses different types of foundations for buildings, including shallow and deep foundations. Shallow foundations discussed include individual/isolated foundations, combined foundations, spread foundations, and raft/mat foundations. Deep foundations discussed include basement foundations, pile foundations, drill shaft foundations, hollow box foundations, and cylinders foundations. The document provides details on the definition, benefits, and uses of each foundation type to help builders and architects choose the right foundation for their needs.
Foundation
The document provides information on the basics of civil engineering foundations. It discusses the objectives and types of foundations, including shallow foundations like isolated and combined footings, and deep foundations such as pile and pier foundations. Pile foundations can be friction piles or load bearing piles. Factors that determine the size and bearing capacity of foundations are also covered. The document contains diagrams to illustrate foundation components and construction methods.
types of Foundations with animated sketches
This document discusses different types of foundations used to support structures. It begins by stating the objectives are to understand foundation construction, types of foundations, and which are suitable for different soil types. It then defines foundations as the lowest part of a structure below ground that transmits the weight to the subsoil. The main types discussed are shallow foundations, which include wall, column, combined, and mat foundations, and deep foundations, such as pile, under-reamed pile, and well foundations. Specific foundation types like isolated column, combined, mat, pile, under-reamed pile and well foundations are then described in more detail.
Shallow Foundation
The document describes different types of shallow foundations, including spread footings, combined footings, and raft/mat foundations. Spread footings include wall footings, reinforced concrete footings, inverted arch footings, and column footings. Combined footings are used when columns are close together or near a property line. Raft foundations consist of a thick concrete slab covering the entire structure area and are used when soil capacity is low or loads are large. The document also discusses advantages, limitations, and construction procedures of shallow foundations.
Shallow foundation
This document discusses different types of foundations. It describes shallow foundations, which are placed immediately below the structure and distribute loads over a wide area near the surface. Spread footings, combined footings, and mat/raft foundations are types of shallow foundations. Spread footings are used to support columns and walls. Combined footings support two or more closely spaced columns. Mat foundations consist of a thick concrete slab covering the entire bottom of the structure. The document also outlines some limitations and advantages of shallow foundations.
Deep excavation
This document discusses deep excavation methods used for underground construction. Deep excavation is defined as deeper than 15 feet and requires retaining structures like walls, piles, or sheets. Common methods are bottom-up, top-down, and cut-and-cover. Retaining structures are installed, then the soil is excavated in levels while installing horizontal steel struts for bracing before further excavation. Dewatering using sumps, pumps, and wells is also required to control groundwater levels during excavation. Deep excavation is used to construct underground metro stations, tunnels, buildings, and dams.
Pile foundation ppt
This document provides information about pile foundations. Pile foundations are used when the soil cannot support building loads and piles are driven deep into the ground until they reach a bearing stratum. Piles can be made of timber, concrete, or steel. They transfer loads from the building to the stronger subsurface layer. The document discusses different types of piles including end bearing and friction piles and explains how pile caps are reinforced to resist tensile and shear forces from heavy loads. Diagrams show how pile foundations are arranged and how piles transmit loads into the ground.
Foundation
A foundation is a lower portion of building structure that transfers its gravity loads to the earth. Foundations are generally broken into two categories: shallow foundations and deep foundations. ... Once the foundation has been packed down tightly, or dried hard, we can begin to build the building superstructure.
Deep foundation - pile foundation
This document provides an overview of a class on deep pile foundations. It includes the class schedule, topics to be covered such as introduction to foundations, types of pile foundations, selection criteria for pile foundations, classification of pile foundations, materials used, advantages and disadvantages of different pile foundations. It outlines assignments to be submitted like plans, elevations and details of pile foundations using manual drafting and literature study reports with sketches, photos and CAD drawings. Notes for students regarding standards, submission deadlines and medical exemptions are also provided.
Foundation
This document defines and describes different types of shallow foundations, including spread footings, combined footings, strap footings, grillage foundations, and raft foundations. Spread footings distribute a structure's load over a large area and can be single, stepped, or sloped. Combined footings are used when columns are close together to avoid interference. Strap footings connect independent column footings with a beam. Grillage foundations use layers of steel beams in concrete to distribute loads in poor soil. Raft foundations use a thick concrete slab covering the entire building area for structures on very poor soils.
Component of building
The document discusses the key components of building construction including the foundation, substructure, superstructure, and various elements within each. It notes that the foundation transmits loads to the soil, the substructure is below ground level and includes the foundation, and the superstructure above ground includes elements like walls, columns, beams, floors, roofs, doors, windows, and stairs. Each component is described in one to two sentences explaining its purpose and role within the overall building structure.
shallow foundation
A shallow foundation is a type of building foundation that transfers building loads to the earth very near to the surface, rather than to a subsurface layer or a range of depths as does a deep foundation. Shallow foundations include spread footing foundations, mat-slab foundations, slab-on-grade foundations, pad foundations, rubble trench foundations and earthbag foundations.
Plate load test ppt
1. Plate load tests are conducted to determine the ultimate bearing capacity of soil and settlement under a given load by applying loads to circular or square steel plates embedded in an excavated pit.
2. The test setup involves excavating a pit below the depth of the proposed foundation, placing the test plate with a central hole at the bottom, and applying load using a hydraulic jack while measuring settlement.
3. The results provide the subgrade modulus, ultimate bearing capacity divided by a safety factor to determine the safe bearing capacity, and insight into foundation behavior and allowable settlement for design.
Retaining wall
inexpensive retaining wall options
types of retaining walls residential
types of retaining wall blocks
low cost retaining wall ideas
types of retaining wall systems
retaining wall ideas for sloping yard
retaining walls ideas
poured concrete retaining wall
gravity retaining wall design example
gravity wall vs cantilever wall
type of retaining walls
cantilever retaining wall design
cantilever retaining wall calculations
concrete cantilever wall
cantilever retaining wall design spreadsheet
cantilever retaining wall design example
cantilever wall design
cantilever retaining wall spreadsheet
cantilever retaining wall design software
images of garden retaining walls
images of stone retaining walls
concrete retaining walls images
pictures of retaining wall blocks
low retaining wall pictures
rock retaining walls pictures
photos of small retaining walls
pictures of retaining walls landscape
concret
railroad tie retaining wall repair
retaining wall railroad ties pictures
railroad tie retaining wall construction
railroad tie retaining walls design
replacing a railroad retaining wall
removing railroad tie retaining wall
installing railroad tie retaining wall
railroad ties retaining wall cost
cantilever wall
gravity retaining wall calculations
types of retaining walls residential
large rock retaining wall designs
gravity stone retaining wall design
retaining wall blocks suppliers
interlocking block retaining wall systems
used retaining wall blocks for sale
local retaining wall blocks suppliers
buy wholesale retaining wall blocks
home depot retaining wall bricks
buy retaining wall blocks direct
retaining wall blocks for sale
counterfort retaining wall design
counterfort design example
types of retaining walls
buttress vs counterfort
precast counterfort wall
large precast concrete wall blocks
retaining wall calculations and design
counterfort foundation
RETAINING WALL
INTRODUCTION OF RETAINING WALL, COMPONENTS , BASIC INFORMATION OF RETAINING WALL, TYPES OF RETAINING WALL, GRAVITY RETAINING WALL, COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALL, SHEET PILES , DIAPHRGM WALL
Footing design(09.02.03.096)
The document discusses various types of footings used in building foundations. It defines a footing as the lower part of a foundation constructed below ground level on solid ground. The main purposes of footings are to transfer structural loads to the soil over a large area to prevent soil and building movement, and to resist settlement and lateral loads. Common footing types include isolated, strap, strip/continuous, and combined footings. Key data needed for footing design includes soil bearing capacity, structural loads, and column dimensions. The document outlines general design procedures and considerations for spread, combined, strap, and brick footings.
Tos ppt foundation
1) Shallow foundations, such as spread footings, are used to transfer structural loads from columns and walls directly to soil. Spread footings spread loads over a large soil area to avoid overstressing the soil.
2) Loads on foundations include dead loads from the structure itself, live loads from occupancy, and other loads like wind forces. Settlements can be uniform or differential, with differential settlement needing to be minimized.
3) Common types of shallow foundations are square, rectangular, circular, continuous strip, combined, and ring spread footings. Foundation depth and location depends on soil properties and surrounding structures.
TYPES OF PILE FOUNDATION & APPLICATIONS
The PPT about pile foundation and types of pile foundation.It is very useful and make very properly.If you don't know about pile foundation then no problem only just refer this PPT and then you will become to know about pile foundation very well.I hope this will helpful to someone.
Types of foundations
The document discusses different types of foundations for buildings. It describes shallow foundations like isolated footings, combined footings, mat or raft foundations, and strap footings. It also discusses deep foundations such as pile foundations, pier foundations, well foundations, and diaphragm foundations. Pile foundations are further classified by function and material, including end bearing piles, friction piles, composite piles, concrete piles, and steel piles.
What's hot (20)
Similar to Foundation Types | Jameel Academy
Types of Foundation and Site Investigation.pdf
The document discusses site investigation methods for determining appropriate foundation types. It describes various types of shallow and deep foundations. Site investigation involves soil exploration through methods like boreholes, test pits, and geophysical surveys to understand soil properties and water levels. Different sampling techniques are used to collect disturbed and undisturbed soil samples for analysis. Findings are documented in a bore log report making recommendations on foundation design.
DIFFERENT TYPE OF SHALLOW FOUNDATION
This document discusses different types of shallow foundations used in civil engineering. It describes shallow foundations as those placed immediately below the superstructure to distribute structural loads over a wide, shallow area below ground level. The main types discussed are spread footings, combined footings, mat/raft foundations, and grillage footings. Spread footings are used to support columns and walls, and can be wall, reinforced concrete, inverted arch, or column footings. Combined and mat foundations are used when columns are close together or loads are large.
Foundation.pdf
This document defines and describes different types of shallow foundations, including spread footings, combined footings, strap footings, grillage foundations, and raft foundations. Spread footings distribute a structure's load over a large area and can be single, stepped, or sloped. Combined footings are used when columns are close together to avoid interference. Strap footings connect independent column footings with a beam. Grillage foundations use layers of steel beams in concrete to distribute loads in poor soil. Raft foundations use a thick concrete slab covering the entire building area for structures on very poor soils.
Shallow foundation
This document discusses shallow foundations. Shallow foundations are placed at a shallow depth and distribute structural loads over a wide area. The main types of shallow foundations are spread footings, combined footings, mat/raft foundations, and grillage footings. Spread footings support columns and walls and transmit loads to the soil. Common varieties include wall, reinforced concrete, inverted arch, and column footings. Combined and mat foundations are used when columns are close together or loads are large. Shallow foundations provide quick construction and resist water absorption but have limitations with point loads.
fondation-by- tanveer
The document provides information on foundations for civil engineering structures. It discusses the objectives of foundations, the main types (shallow vs. deep), and examples of each. Shallow foundations include isolated and combined footings. Deep foundations consist of pile foundations, which can be friction piles or load-bearing piles installed using methods like dropping hammers or jacking. Pile caps are used to connect groups of piles to distribute loads to the piles from columns.
Foundation_(Anshumi Tanna BCT-II).pptx
The document discusses foundations for buildings. It begins by defining what a foundation is and its purposes, which include distributing the load of the structure, preventing differential settlement, and providing stability. It then covers factors that affect foundation design like soil conditions, structural requirements, and cost. The main types of foundations discussed are shallow foundations, which transfer load directly to the soil, and deep foundations, which transfer load deeper using techniques like piles. Construction of foundations involves site preparation, excavation, forming and pouring footings and walls. The document also discusses underpinning existing foundations and protecting foundations from moisture using waterproofing and drainage.
Building components
This document discusses different types of building foundations. It begins by explaining the functions and requirements of foundations. It then describes factors that influence foundation design such as bearing capacity and settlement of soils. Different types of shallow foundations are presented including isolated footings, strip footings, combined footings, raft/mat foundations, etc. Deep foundations including pile foundations and well foundations are also summarized. The document provides details on analyzing soil properties, bearing capacity, and settlement for foundation design.
https://civiltech-p.blogspot.com/2021/04/typesof-foundations-when-we-are.html
The document discusses different types of foundations for structures. It explains that foundations are the base of a structure and transfer the structure's load to the soil. There are two main types: shallow foundations, which are wider than they are deep and suitable for soils that can bear loads near the surface, and deep foundations, which extend deeper underground to reach stronger soils or bedrock. Shallow foundations include individual/isolated footings for single columns, combined footings for multiple close columns, strip foundations for load-bearing walls, and raft/mat foundations that spread loads across an entire area. Deep foundations include pile foundations using columns driven deep into the ground, drilled shaft/caisson foundations constructed by digging shafts and filling them with
Mat or raft foundation
This document discusses mat and pile foundations. It describes mat foundations as thick reinforced concrete slabs that transmit loads from columns or walls into the soil. Common uses include supporting storage tanks and industrial equipment. It then discusses different types of mat foundations and how load is distributed depending on soil conditions. The document also outlines the typical procedures for constructing a mat foundation, including soil testing, excavation, reinforcement, forming, and curing. Pile foundations are described as using deep foundations when soil bearing capacity is low. Types of piles are classified based on function, material, and installation method. Factors for selecting the appropriate pile type include loads, soil conditions, structure type, and costs.
foundation introduction.pptx
The document provides information on different types of shallow foundations. It defines a foundation as the lowest supporting layer of a structure that transfers loads to the ground. Shallow foundations are used when surface soils can sufficiently support imposed loads. Types of shallow foundations discussed include spread footings (single, stepped, sloped, wall), combined footings, strap footings, and mat foundations (solid slab, beam slab, cellular). Spread footings can be pad/isolated footings for columns or wall/strip footings for continuous walls. Stepped and sloped footings are used for heavier loads. Grillage foundations use a grid of wooden or steel beams to distribute loads over a large area for structures on soils with low bearing capacity.
Foundation and types
This document provides an overview of foundations and their design considerations. It discusses the key functions of foundations as transmitting loads to the soil below a structure. Foundations can be either shallow, such as isolated or combined footings, or deep such as pile or well foundations. Design is influenced by soil type, groundwater, and structural requirements. Pile foundations transmit loads through end bearing and friction, and can be made of materials like concrete, timber, steel, or composites.
7 building construction part 3 foundation - edit
Foundations are an essential part of building construction that distribute the weight of the structure to the ground. There are two main types of foundations - shallow foundations, which transfer loads directly to soil near the surface, and deep foundations, which transfer loads to deeper, stronger soil layers. Shallow foundations include spread footings, mat slabs, raft slabs, and grillages. Deep foundations include driven piles, drilled shafts, and caissons. The type of foundation used depends on factors like the building design, soil conditions, and cost. Foundation construction involves site preparation, layout, excavation, forming, reinforcement, and concrete placement.
BASIC CIVIL ENGINEERING
This document provides an overview of foundations for civil engineering structures. It defines foundations as the substructure below ground level that supports the superstructure above. Foundations distribute structural loads over a large area of soil to prevent excessive settlement. There are two main types of foundations: shallow foundations, which are less than the width in depth; and deep foundations, which extend deeper. Shallow foundations include isolated footings for columns and combined footings for groups of columns. Deep foundations include pile foundations, which transfer loads using friction or bearing on a hard stratum, and pier foundations. Piles can be made of concrete, steel, or timber and installed using methods like driving, jacking, or drilling.
Foundation
This document discusses different types of foundations used in construction. It begins with an introduction to foundations, their purpose of transferring structural loads to the ground, and factors like soil conditions and load types. It then covers types of soils and their characteristics for load transfer. Construction of foundations is outlined, including excavation protection and dewatering. The main types of foundations discussed are shallow foundations, which require suitable soil bearing capacity, and deep foundations used when shallow foundations are not suitable. Examples of shallow foundations include isolated footings, wall footings, and raft foundations.
BASIC CIVIL FONDATION BY CIVIL1ST SEM.ppt
This document provides an overview of foundations for civil engineering structures. It defines foundations as the substructure located below the plinth level that forms the base for any structure. The main objectives of a foundation are to distribute structural loads over a large area, support the structure, and provide stability. The two main types of foundations are shallow foundations, which are less than or equal to their width in depth, and deep foundations like pile foundations that extend deeper into the ground. Shallow foundations include isolated footings for columns and combined footings, while deep foundations commonly use piles that are inserted into the ground through methods such as jacking or using drop hammers.
BASIC CIVIL FONDATION BY CIVIL1ST SEM.ppt
This document provides an overview of foundations for civil engineering structures. It defines foundations as the substructure located below the plinth level that forms the base for any structure. The main objectives of a foundation are to distribute structural loads over a large area, support the structure, and provide stability. The two main types of foundations are shallow foundations, which are less than or equal to their width in depth, and deep foundations like pile foundations that extend deeper into the ground. Shallow foundations include isolated footings for columns and combined footings, while deep foundations commonly use piles that are inserted into the ground through methods such as jacking or using drop hammers.
Different types of footing and foundation
- Isolated Footing
- Combined Footing
- Mat or Raft Foundation
- Pile Foundation
- Piled Raft Foundation
- Shore Pile or Sheet Pile Protection System
Introduction to Types of Foundation
This document discusses foundations for structures. It defines a foundation as the low artificially built part of a structure that transmits loads to the ground. Foundations come in two main types: shallow foundations, which are used when soil can support loads within 1.5m of the surface, and deep foundations, which are required when soil cannot support loads near the surface. Shallow foundations include isolated footings, combined footings, raft foundations, and strip footings. Deep foundations include pile foundations, which use long structural members driven or bored into the ground to transfer loads to stronger deeper soils. The document discusses classifications and functions of different foundation types.
bct%20final.pptx
1. Shallow foundations can be constructed in soils up to around 1-1.5 meters deep. They include spread footings, isolated/pad footings, combined footings, inverted arch footings, and grillage foundations.
2. Grillage foundations are used for heavily loaded columns or walls, and consist of tiers of steel or timber beams that distribute the load over a large area. Steel grillage foundations use RSJ beams embedded in concrete, while timber uses planks and beams.
3. Inverted arch footings reduce foundation depth by transmitting loads through arches to the soil. They are commonly used for bridges, reservoirs, and other structures.
Similar to Foundation Types | Jameel Academy (20)
https://civiltech-p.blogspot.com/2021/04/typesof-foundations-when-we-are.html
https://civiltech-p.blogspot.com/2021/04/typesof-foundations-when-we-are.html
More from Jameel Academy
تێبينى لسەر كاڕێ دانانا ديوارێ بلوكى | Jameel Academy
Block Details
Jameel Academy
#Jameel_Academy_Engineering_Block
دەرئێخستنا پارە و بڕا مەوادێن د ئاڤاهى دا دهێنە بكارئينان | Jameel Academy
#Jameel_Academy_Engineering_Estimation
Accident study (Traffic Engineering) | Jameel Academy
This document summarizes an accident study report prepared by students. It outlines the objectives of accident studies which are to study causes of accidents and suggest corrective measures. It then discusses the common causes of road accidents which include road users, vehicles, road conditions, and environmental factors. It also describes common accident types and how accident data is analyzed through reports, records, and diagrams. Finally, it discusses performing statistical analysis of accidents and examples of calculating different accident rates, and lists several safety measures that can be taken through engineering, enforcement, and education.
How to Integrate an Equation | Jameel Academy
1. The document provides steps to integrate equations, beginning with trying basic integration formulas. If that does not work, methods like integration by substitution, parts, or trig substitutions are suggested.
2. As a last resort, the document advises adding numbers or factoring trinomials to manipulate the equation into a form that can be integrated using basic formulas or methods.
3. Examples are provided demonstrating each step, from integrating straightforward equations to more complex examples that require manipulation or advanced methods.
Permeability Test of soil Using Constant and Falling Head Method
1) The document describes laboratory tests to determine the coefficient of permeability of soil samples using the constant head and falling head methods.
2) For the falling head test on a sandy soil sample, the average permeability was found to be 0.00322 cm/sec.
3) For the constant head test on a second sample, the average permeability was determined to be 0.02069 cm/min.
Determination of Field Density Using Sand Cone Method | Jameel Academy
The document describes a soil mechanics lab report on determining field density using the sand cone method. The test procedure involves digging a hole, placing the excavated soil in an airtight bag, then using a sand cone apparatus to pour sand into the hole to determine the hole's volume. Calculations are shown to find the field dry unit weight, water content, and relative density compared to the maximum dry unit weight from a lab compaction test. The results found a field dry unit weight of 1.4149 g/cm3 and relative density of 72%, indicating the field compaction was not adequate for the project.
Consolidation of Soil Test | Jameel Academy
This report summarizes a consolidation test conducted on a soil sample to determine key consolidation parameters. The test procedure involved placing a soil specimen in a consolidation ring, loading it incrementally in a consolidation device, and taking dial readings over time. Key parameters determined include the compression index Cc, coefficient of consolidation Cv, coefficient of volume change av, and coefficient of permeability mv. These parameters provide important information about the compressibility and rate of settlement of the soil sample under increasing loads. The test aimed to evaluate the consolidation behavior of the soil and calculate consolidation parameters accurately to allow for computing consolidation settlement.
Standard Compaction Test | Jameel Academy
The document describes a standard compaction test performed on a soil sample to determine the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content. Five soil samples with varying moisture contents were compacted and tested. The maximum dry density was found to be 19.1 kN/m3 at an optimum moisture content of 12.2%. A graph of the dry unit weight versus moisture content showed a compaction curve with the highest point indicating the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content. The purpose of the test is to evaluate the engineering properties of soils for use in construction projects.
Determination Of Dip Angle
The dip angle between layers C and D is 8.5 degrees. The document shows a cross section with labeled geological layers and uses a scale ratio to determine the true distance between lines A and B, which is used to calculate the dip angle between layers C and D as the tangent inverse of the height difference over the horizontal distance.
Discharge Under a Sluice Gate | Jameel Academy
This document summarizes a student's laboratory experiment on measuring water discharge under a sluice gate. The student measured the discharge for different water volumes and times, and calculated the theoretical and actual discharges. The results were tabulated and showed that the actual discharge increased with increasing gate height. A logarithmic equation was also determined relating the actual discharge to the height difference in water before and after the gate. The purpose was to experimentally determine the actual discharge under a sluice gate and compare it to theoretical calculations.
Discharge Over a Vee-Notch Weir | Jameel Academy
1) The student performed an experiment to measure the discharge of water over a vee-notch weir. Water was pumped into an open channel and measurements were taken of water level, volume collected, and time to collect the volume.
2) Calculations were done to determine the theoretical discharge based on the notch geometry and actual discharge based on the collected volume and time. The ratio of actual to theoretical discharge (Cd) was calculated.
3) A linear relationship was found between the Cd ratio and the water level over the weir, expressed as Cd = -3.14H + 0.19. The experiment validated the method for calculating discharge over a vee-notch weir.
Discharge Over a broad Crested Weir | Jameel Academy
1) The document describes an experiment to measure discharge over a broad crested weir. Water was passed through an inlet tank and discharge tank containing a broad crested weir, and the height and volume of water were measured over time.
2) Using the measured heights and volumes, the actual discharge was calculated and compared to the theoretical discharge calculated using a formula. The ratio of actual to theoretical discharge, known as the coefficient of discharge (Cd), was also determined.
3) The results showed that the Cd increased with increasing water height, and a logarithmic equation was developed to relate Cd to water height. The purpose was to determine discharge over a weir and compare to theory.
Center of Pressure on Vertical Fully Submerged Plate | Jameel Academy
1) The document describes an experiment to determine the center of pressure on a vertical fully submerged plate. Measurements were taken at different mass levels to calculate the actual and theoretical center of pressure.
2) Calculations showed the actual center of pressure was greater than the theoretical value, with a maximum error of 5.86%. This error was within the acceptable limit of 10%, indicating the experiment yielded accurate results.
3) The conclusion is that the experiment successfully measured the center of pressure, compared it to theoretical values, and found small errors, demonstrating the validity of the experimental method.
Pressure Measurement by Weight and Bourdon Gauge | Jameel Academy
1) The document describes an experiment to measure pressure using weights and a bourdon gauge. Various weights were added to a piston submerged in water and the corresponding pressure readings on the gauge were recorded.
2) The true pressure was calculated using a formula involving the mass, area of the piston, and gravitational acceleration. The percentage error between the true and gauge pressures was also determined.
3) Increasing and decreasing the weights resulted in increasing and decreasing pressure readings. The errors were smaller for decreasing pressure measurements. Sources of error and how to improve accuracy are discussed.
Stability of A Floating Body | Jameel Academy
1) The document describes an experiment to determine the stability of a floating body. It involves measuring the angle of tilt caused by moving a jockey weight along a submerged apparatus at different heights.
2) Calculations are shown to determine values like the metacentric height, center of gravity, and the distance between the center of buoyancy and center of gravity.
3) The results show that as the jockey weight height increases, the center of gravity rises and the horizontal movement causes a greater angle of tilt. The metacentric height was found to be greater than the distance between the center of buoyancy and center of gravity, indicating the body is stable.
Center of Pressure on Vertical Partially Submerged Plate | Jameel Academy
1) The document reports on an experiment to determine the center of pressure on a vertically partially submerged plate. Various masses were used and the distance from the plate to the water surface was measured.
2) The center of pressure was calculated using a formula that takes into account the distance measurements, mass, and plate properties. The calculated and measured centers of pressure were compared to find percent error.
3) Results showed the center of pressure decreases with increasing mass and errors generally increased with lighter masses, with a maximum error of 40.49%. The relationship between calculated and measured centers of pressure was plotted on a graph.
Impact Of Jet | Jameel Academy
1) The document describes an experiment measuring the impact force of a water jet on flat and hemispherical surfaces.
2) The experiment calculates the theoretical and actual jet forces using formulas involving discharge rate, velocity, and surface area.
3) The results show that the force on a hemispherical surface is larger than a flat surface for the same amount of water, and that actual and theoretical forces are linearly related.
Specific Gravity & Absorption of Aggregate (Coarse & Fine) | Jameel Academy
This document reports on a test to determine the specific gravity and absorption of fine and coarse aggregates. The specific gravities of coarse aggregate were found to be 2.55, 2.7, and 2.8 for bulk dry, SSD, and apparent respectively. For fine aggregate, the specific gravities were 2.64, 2.7, and 2.8. The absorptions were 2.3% for coarse and 1.78% for fine. While the specific gravities were normal, the absorptions were outside standard ranges, likely due to errors in measuring the fine aggregate's slump or not waiting 24 hours for coarse aggregate heating. In conclusion, the aggregates tested would not be suitable for use due to
More from Jameel Academy (20)
تێبينى لسەر كاڕێ دانانا ديوارێ بلوكى | Jameel Academy
تێبينى لسەر كاڕێ دانانا ديوارێ بلوكى | Jameel Academy
دەرئێخستنا پارە و بڕا مەوادێن د ئاڤاهى دا دهێنە بكارئينان | Jameel Academy
دەرئێخستنا پارە و بڕا مەوادێن د ئاڤاهى دا دهێنە بكارئينان | Jameel Academy
Accident study (Traffic Engineering) | Jameel Academy
Accident study (Traffic Engineering) | Jameel Academy
Permeability Test of soil Using Constant and Falling Head Method
Permeability Test of soil Using Constant and Falling Head Method
Determination of Field Density Using Sand Cone Method | Jameel Academy
Determination of Field Density Using Sand Cone Method | Jameel Academy
Discharge Over a broad Crested Weir | Jameel Academy
Discharge Over a broad Crested Weir | Jameel Academy
Center of Pressure on Vertical Fully Submerged Plate | Jameel Academy
Center of Pressure on Vertical Fully Submerged Plate | Jameel Academy
Pressure Measurement by Weight and Bourdon Gauge | Jameel Academy
Pressure Measurement by Weight and Bourdon Gauge | Jameel Academy
Center of Pressure on Vertical Partially Submerged Plate | Jameel Academy
Center of Pressure on Vertical Partially Submerged Plate | Jameel Academy
Specific Gravity & Absorption of Aggregate (Coarse & Fine) | Jameel Academy
Specific Gravity & Absorption of Aggregate (Coarse & Fine) | Jameel Academy
Recently uploaded
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Computational Engineering IITH Presentation
This Presentation will give you a brief idea about what Computational Engineering at IIT Hyderabad has to offer.
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part III
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part II
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Iron and Steel Technology Roadmap - Towards more sustainable steelmaking.pdf
Iron and Steel Technology towards Sustainable Steelmaking
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
学校原版美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
哪里办理(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Unit-III-ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE DEVICES.ppt
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Recently uploaded (20)
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024
Engineering Drawings Lecture Detail Drawings 2014.pdf
Engineering Drawings Lecture Detail Drawings 2014.pdf
basic-wireline-operations-course-mahmoud-f-radwan.pdf
basic-wireline-operations-course-mahmoud-f-radwan.pdf
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part III
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part III
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part II
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part II
Iron and Steel Technology Roadmap - Towards more sustainable steelmaking.pdf
Iron and Steel Technology Roadmap - Towards more sustainable steelmaking.pdf
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...
Foundation Types | Jameel Academy
- 2. OUTLINES Introduction Purpose Of Foundation Foundation Material Types Of Foundation Conclusion
- 4. PURPOSE OF FOUNDATION • Distribute the total load. • Support the structure. • Increase the stability. • To prevent the lateral.
- 5. FOUNDATION MATERIAL Material Used For Building Foundation is :- Concrete (Steel reinforced) Steel Concrete Block Wood
- 6. TYPES OF FOUNDATION Foundation Deep Foundation PierPile Shallow Foundation Wall Footing Isolated Footing Combined Footing Raft Foundation
- 7. TYPES OF FOUNDATION the soil can bearing the total load. Used most economical foundation systems. Shallow foundation: They are used when :
- 8. TYPES OF FOUNDATION 1) Isolated Footing
- 9. TYPES OF FOUNDATION 2) Combined Footing
- 10. TYPES OF FOUNDATION 3) Strap Footing
- 11. TYPES OF FOUNDATION 4) Wall Footing
- 12. TYPES OF FOUNDATION 5) Raft Foundation
- 13. TYPES OF FOUNDATION 7) Rubble Trench foundation
- 14. TYPES OF FOUNDATION Deep foundation: They are used when : The soil is weak. Deep excavation cannot be achieved because of adjacent building. Prevent from earthquake . Ground water level is too high. If we have Clay soil.
- 15. TYPES OF FOUNDATION Pile Foundation Pile Pile Cop Column End Bearing Pile Friction Pile
- 16. TYPES OF FOUNDATION Pile material Pile Foundation
- 18. TYPES OF FOUNDATION • It’s a foundation for carrying a heavy structural load which is constructed. • It’s a vertical bridge support. Piers Foundation
- 19. CONCLUSION • Foundations quality is related to the steel design and the concrete work. • Its usage Depends on the work area. • Buildings are in Big relations with their foundation.
- 20. Any Question ?