Different components of building

1. Construction Technology
Prepared by: Prof.Kajol Panchal
Diwaliba Polytechnic
COMPONENT OF BUILDING
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2. 1. Foundation
2. Substructure(Plinth)
3. Super structure
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3. Substructure
• The substructure is the lower portion of the building, which is located
below ground level which transmits the load of the superstructure to
the sub soil.
It includes
Foundations
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4. Foundation
The basic function of foundation
• To Transmit the load from building to the
subsoil, in such a way that settlement
are within permissible limit
• the soil does not fail in shear
• Reduce the load intensity
• Even distribution of load
• Provide level surface
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5. Super Structure
The superstructure is that part of the building which is above the ground and
which serves the purpose of building’s intended use.
It includes
Plinth
Wall and columns
Beams
Arches
Roofs and slabs
Lintel and arches
Chajjas
Parapet
Steps and stairs
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7. Plinth:
• Plinth is that part of the building between surrounding
ground surface and floor space immediately above the
ground.
• Plinth resists the entry of rain water entry inside the
building, entry of animals insects & Rodents.
• General plinth height is 45,60, 75, 90, 120 cm
• The following part also covered in the plinth,
oDamp Proof Course
oFlooring( Tiles,Marble,Concrete )
oBedding for flooring(B.B.C.C)
oEarth filling
oWalls between ground level and plinth level
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8. Walls:
• They divide the building space into various space into various rooms.
• They support slabs and beams.
• They safely transmits the loads coming on them from beams and slabs to
the foundation.
• They provide privacy and protection against heat, cold, rain , noise, dust
winds.
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9. Floors:
• The floor is the surface laid on the plinth level.
• Flooring can be done by a variety of materials like tiles, granites,
marbles, concrete, etc.
• Before flooring, the ground has to be properly compacted and
levelled.
• Basic property of a floor is to provide a firm and dry platform for
people and other items like furniture, stores and equipment's.
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10. Column:
• Columns are vertical members constructed above the ground level.
• Columns can be of two types: Architectural columns and structural
columns.
• Architectural columns are constructed to improve the building’s
aesthetics while a structural column takes the load coming from the
slab above and transfers safely to the foundation.
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11. Roof:
• The roof forms the topmost component of a building structure.
• It covers the top face of the building.
• Roofs can be either flat or sloped based on the location and weather
conditions of the area.
• Protect from rain,snow,sun etc.
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12. Doors:
• The opening in the wall is a doorway or portal.
• Main function
I. To serve as connecting link between internal parts.
II. To allow free movement into and outside the building.
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13. Window:
• A window is an opening in a wall, door, roof or vehicle that allows the
passage of light, sound, and sometimes air.
• As per I.S minimum opening should be 10% of floor area.
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14. Stairs:
• A stair is a sequence of steps that connects different floors in a
building structure.
• The space occupied by a stair is called as the stairway.
• There are different types of stairs like a wooden stair, R.C.C stair etc.
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15. Sill and lintel:
Sill is the base of the window
• i.e the level from the floor of the room from
which window starts (moving upwards). The
window finishes at top at the lintel level.
• A window sill may be equal to or greater than
the width of the brickwork beneath it.
Lintels are constructed above the wall openings
like doors, windows, etc.
• These structures support the weight of the wall
coming over the opening.
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16. Chajja /Weather shades:
• It is combined with lintel of window.
• Give protection against sun,rain,frost,etc.
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18. Coping:
• It is provided on the top of the
parapet wall.
• It prevents entry of moisture from
top of wall and improves aesthetic of
a building.
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