This document discusses mat and pile foundations. It describes mat foundations as thick reinforced concrete slabs that transmit loads from columns or walls into the soil. Common uses include supporting storage tanks and industrial equipment. It then discusses different types of mat foundations and how load is distributed depending on soil conditions. The document also outlines the typical procedures for constructing a mat foundation, including soil testing, excavation, reinforcement, forming, and curing. Pile foundations are described as using deep foundations when soil bearing capacity is low. Types of piles are classified based on function, material, and installation method. Factors for selecting the appropriate pile type include loads, soil conditions, structure type, and costs.

1. MAT AND PILE
FOUNDATION
NOROZ FIAZ MALGHANI

2. Mat/Raft Foundation
A mat foundation is a thick reinforced concrete slab supporting arrangement of
column's or walls in a row and transmitting the load into the soil. It is use to
support storage tanks, industrial equipment's , chimney's and various structure.
WHY IT IS USED
 The spread footings cover over 50% of the foundation area because of large
column load.
 The soil is soft with a low bearing capacity.
 When the expenses of deep foundation is higher than raft foundation.
 Walls of the structure are so close that individual footings would overlap

3. TYPES OF MAT FOUNDATION
 Flat plate mat
 Plate thickened under column's
 Rigid frame mat
 Piled mat
 Two way beam and slab
 Plate with pedestal

4. PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION IN MAT
FOUNDATION
A mat supported on strong bed rock transmit the load in a relatively area column's. The
pressure distribution on raft/mat foundation as shown in fig.
If the mat rests on stiff or compact soil, the mat distribute the load to the sub soil in larger
area as shown in fig.
If the mat rests on weak soil the pressure distribution on the mat tends to be uniform as
shown in fig

5. PROCEDURE
1. SOIL TEST
2. SHORE PILE CONSTRUCTION
3. EXCAVATION
4. REINFORCEMENT
5. CC LAYER CONSTRUCTION
6. LEVELING & DRESSING
7. COLOUMN POSITIONING
8. FORM WORK
9. CONCRETE WORK
10. CURING

6. SOIL TEST
 Bearing capacity of soil
 Classification of soil
 Moisture content
 Ground water level
 Appropriation and depth of mat
SHORE PILE CONSTRUCTION
Shore piles support the surrounding loads and prevent the surrounding soil from breaking
in at the time of construction

7. PLACING OF
REINFORCEMENT
 A batch of horizontal reinforcement placing;
 Another batch of reinforcement placement to to complete the bottom
mesh;
 Columns rod placement;
 Vertical rod placement over bottom mesh to hold the upper mesh;
 Upper mesh placement

8. FORM WORK
 Form work is a mold or open box, like container into which fresh concrete is poured
and compacted.
 When the concrete is set, the form work is removed and a solid mass is produced in
the shape of the inner face of the form work.
 The top of the form work is normally left open.
 False work is the necessary support system that hold the formwork in the correct
position.

9. TYPES OF FORM WORK
 Timber form work
 Plastic form work
 Steel form work
CASTING
 Start from one end
 Layer basis casting
 Side basis casting

10. LEVELING
After casting the whole mat area leveling is essential to be ensured
That the thickness of the mat slab is same all over the area.
TYPES OF CURING
 Shading concrete work
 Steam curing
 Ponding method
 Sprinkling of water
 Covering concrete surface with gunny bags

11. ADVANTAGES OF MAT/RAFT
FOUNDATION
 Raft foundation is economic due to combination of foundation& floor slab
 Require little excavation
 Can cope with mixed and poor ground condition
 It reduces different settlement.
DISADVANTAES OF MAT FOUNDATION
 It require specific treatment for point loads.
 Edge erosion occur if not treated properly

12. PILE FOUNDATION
 Pile foundation is a special kind of deep foundation, where the depth of
the foundation is much greater than the width of the foundation
 Today, pile foundation is much more common than any other type of
deep foundation
USES
 It is used where the soil is compressible,
 It is used where the soil is water logged
 It is used when stratum of required bearing capacity is at greater depth

13. MAJOR USES OF PILES :
 To carry vertical compression loads,
 To resist uplift loads
 To resist horizontal or inclined loads
CLASSIFICATION OF PILES
1. BASED ON THE FUNCTION
 End bearing pile
 Friction pile
 compaction pile
 Sheet pile
 Batter pile
 Tension pile
 fender pile and dolphins

14. 2. BASED ON THE MATERIAL& COMPOSITION
 Concrete pile
 Timber pile
 Steel pile
 Composite pile: concrete& timber concrete& steel
3. BASED ON THE METHOD OF INSTALLATION;
 Driven pile
 cast-in situ pile
 Driven and cast-in-situ pile

15. SELECTION OF PILES
FACTOR GOVERNING THE SELECTION OF
PILES
They are:
 Length of the pile in relation to the load and type of soil,
 Characters of the structure,
 Availability of the materials,
 types of loading,
 Factor causing deterioration,
 Ease of maintenance,
 Estimated cost of types of pile, taking into account the initial cost, life expectancy and
cost of maintenance
 Availability of funds.

16. Prepared By
NOROZ FIAZ MALGHANI
CIVIL ENGINEER