We've implemented an autonomous vehicle equipped with infrared sensors. Our main task is to basically design a small scaled vehicle which will have the capability to travel between pre-defined starting and finishing points of a maze.
The document describes a micromouse robot project undertaken by a student team. The team designed and built an autonomous robot to navigate a maze and reach the center in the shortest time possible, for under $500. Key components included a microcontroller to process sensor data and control motors, encoders to track position, and IR sensors to detect walls. The team implemented a PD control system and maze solving algorithm using arrays to navigate. Their micromouse placed 4th out of 20 teams and 3rd out of 15 teams in competitions, completing most of a 256 block maze in under 8 minutes.
This document describes the development of an autonomous vehicle that can follow a path extracted from a maze simulator. It discusses the objectives, background on autonomous vehicles and maze simulators. It then covers the software algorithms used, including A* pathfinding, and the hardware components like DC geared motors, motor drivers, and mechanical design. The document concludes the vehicle was able to successfully follow lines and overcome problems, and provides recommendations for future enhancements like obstacle avoidance and position tracking.
This document describes a project to develop an autonomous mobile robot that can navigate through an unknown maze using sensors and microcontrollers. The robot uses an PIC16F877A microcontroller to control DC motors and read sensors like ultrasonic rangefinders to navigate. A wireless Zigbee module connects the robot to a PC, where a Java program maps the maze and generates navigation paths. The hardware and software implementations are described, along with applications and potential enhancements.
The document describes a proposal for a line maze solver robot project. It includes an introduction to line mazes, the objectives of the project to build an autonomous robot that can solve a line maze, and the key components and methodology. The robot will use 6 light sensors to detect the black line on a white surface and make decisions at intersections. It will use an Arduino microcontroller to process sensor input and control the motors. The first run will record wrong turns to avoid on the second run when it can solve the maze quickly.
Robot chooses a simpler non-branching path leads to reach goal very easily from a path or collection of paths, typically from an entrance to goal is known as " MAZE SOLVER ROBOT ".
The document describes an autonomous maze solving robot project. The robot uses three ultrasonic sensors to detect the maze walls and two servo motors controlled by a microcontroller to navigate. The microcontroller receives distance readings from the sensors and instructs the motor driver which direction to move the motors to avoid obstacles as it solves the maze. Components include an Arduino, ultrasonic sensors, servo motors, batteries and other basic electronics. The robot is programmed to use an obstacle avoidance algorithm to autonomously solve mazes without human interference.
Maze solving problem is a very old problem, but still now it is considered as an important field of robotics. This field is based on decision making algorithms. The main aim of this project is to make an Arduino based efficient autonomous maze solver robot. Two simple mazes solving algorithms “Wall following algorithm” and “Flood fill algorithm” are used to make this robot. In this project Hardware development, software development and maze construction had been done. For performance testing, the robot will implement to solve 4×4 maze. Capability of finding the shortest path is also verified.
-- Musfiqur Rahman; email: musfiqur.rahman.ete@ulab.edu.bd
Thia presentation is presented by Naveed Ahmed, Rizwan Mustafa and Muzaffar Ahmad at Robot Expo in Information Technology University of Punjab, Lahore.
The document describes a micromouse robot project undertaken by a student team. The team designed and built an autonomous robot to navigate a maze and reach the center in the shortest time possible, for under $500. Key components included a microcontroller to process sensor data and control motors, encoders to track position, and IR sensors to detect walls. The team implemented a PD control system and maze solving algorithm using arrays to navigate. Their micromouse placed 4th out of 20 teams and 3rd out of 15 teams in competitions, completing most of a 256 block maze in under 8 minutes.
This document describes the development of an autonomous vehicle that can follow a path extracted from a maze simulator. It discusses the objectives, background on autonomous vehicles and maze simulators. It then covers the software algorithms used, including A* pathfinding, and the hardware components like DC geared motors, motor drivers, and mechanical design. The document concludes the vehicle was able to successfully follow lines and overcome problems, and provides recommendations for future enhancements like obstacle avoidance and position tracking.
This document describes a project to develop an autonomous mobile robot that can navigate through an unknown maze using sensors and microcontrollers. The robot uses an PIC16F877A microcontroller to control DC motors and read sensors like ultrasonic rangefinders to navigate. A wireless Zigbee module connects the robot to a PC, where a Java program maps the maze and generates navigation paths. The hardware and software implementations are described, along with applications and potential enhancements.
The document describes a proposal for a line maze solver robot project. It includes an introduction to line mazes, the objectives of the project to build an autonomous robot that can solve a line maze, and the key components and methodology. The robot will use 6 light sensors to detect the black line on a white surface and make decisions at intersections. It will use an Arduino microcontroller to process sensor input and control the motors. The first run will record wrong turns to avoid on the second run when it can solve the maze quickly.
Robot chooses a simpler non-branching path leads to reach goal very easily from a path or collection of paths, typically from an entrance to goal is known as " MAZE SOLVER ROBOT ".
The document describes an autonomous maze solving robot project. The robot uses three ultrasonic sensors to detect the maze walls and two servo motors controlled by a microcontroller to navigate. The microcontroller receives distance readings from the sensors and instructs the motor driver which direction to move the motors to avoid obstacles as it solves the maze. Components include an Arduino, ultrasonic sensors, servo motors, batteries and other basic electronics. The robot is programmed to use an obstacle avoidance algorithm to autonomously solve mazes without human interference.
Maze solving problem is a very old problem, but still now it is considered as an important field of robotics. This field is based on decision making algorithms. The main aim of this project is to make an Arduino based efficient autonomous maze solver robot. Two simple mazes solving algorithms “Wall following algorithm” and “Flood fill algorithm” are used to make this robot. In this project Hardware development, software development and maze construction had been done. For performance testing, the robot will implement to solve 4×4 maze. Capability of finding the shortest path is also verified.
-- Musfiqur Rahman; email: musfiqur.rahman.ete@ulab.edu.bd
Thia presentation is presented by Naveed Ahmed, Rizwan Mustafa and Muzaffar Ahmad at Robot Expo in Information Technology University of Punjab, Lahore.
Autonomous robots are robots that can perform tasks intelligently depending on themselves, without any human assistance. Maze Solving Robot is one of the most popular autonomous robots. It is a smallself-reliant robot that can solve a maze from a known starting position to the center area of the maze in the shortest possible time.
This paper presents Grid Solver Bot which is a self-driven vehicle capable of localizing itself in a grid and planning a path between two nodes. It can avoid particular nodes and plan path between two allowed nodes. Breadth-first search & Dijkstra's Algorithm have been used for finding the path between two allowed nodes. The searching of a block over grid is easier when the rows and columns i.e. m* n of a grid is fixed. But when the grid is dynamic or changes over time than in such situation we require a generalized algorithm for traversing over a grid. In these paper we develop an approach for searching an object and also able to avoid an obstacle which was placed in a junction (meeting point of row and column). Here, we use different algorithms like Dijkistra’s, Best first search and A star algorithms. We develop an approach to find the block with minimum shortest path with the help of priority based algorithm. The vehicle is also capable of transferring blocks from one node to another. In fact, this vehicle is a prototype of a self-driven vehicle capable of transporting passengers and it can also be used in industries to transfer different items from one place to another.
Obstacle Detector & Find The Way to Reach Destination RobotKms Nira
This robot will be just like an electronic car that keeps on moving in straight line until something comes in its path that’s when it decides to turns into some other direction so it successfully avoids the obstacle.
The document describes a path following robot project created by engineering students. It uses IR sensors to detect a black path on a white surface and a PIC microcontroller to process sensor inputs and control motors to follow the path. It provides a block diagram of the robot's components and architecture. It also details the algorithm used by the microcontroller to determine motor movements based on sensor readings to navigate straight paths and turns.
This project aimed to create an obstacle avoiding rover using an ultrasonic sensor and 4WD platform. The rover was able to scan in front using the sensor, detect obstacles within 12 inches, and maneuver around them. However, the project was incomplete as the rover struggled with traction issues and could not consistently move forward after avoiding obstacles. The sensor also had accuracy problems. While the concept showed promise, numerous bugs could not be resolved within the time frame. Improved equipment and a different approach may have led to better results.
Obstacle Avoiding robot is a self thinking robot which can take decisions itself using programmed brain without any guidance from human beings. In our Project we use Infrared to sense obstacles and take movements accordingly. Our Project
mainly used in military application, small toys and also used in mines by increasing IR sensors.
This document describes a student robotics project. The project involves building a robot that can sense obstacles using IR sensors, avoid obstacles autonomously, and resume its path. The robot is controlled by an AVR ATmega16 microcontroller. It uses an IR sensor to detect obstacles and an L293D motor driver and DC motors for movement. When an obstacle is detected, the microcontroller diverts the robot left or right to avoid the obstacle before resuming its forward motion. The project aims to create a mobile robot that can navigate independently within certain limitations.
This document describes the design and development of an obstacle avoiding robot. The robot uses infrared sensors and a microcontroller to detect and avoid obstacles in its path. When an obstacle is detected, the microcontroller stops one motor and moves the other, causing the robot to turn away from the obstacle. The robot was designed using software like DipTrace and programmed using Keil uVision. It was tested to ensure proper functioning and avoids obstacles as intended. Potential applications and future improvements are also discussed.
This document describes an obstacle avoiding car project created by Utkarsh Bingewar, Shubham Thakur, and Rupesh Rote, with guidance from their assistant professor Mrs. Varsha Nanaware. The car uses an ultrasonic sensor and Arduino board to detect obstacles and navigate around them. When an obstacle is detected, the Arduino controls the motors to turn the car left or right to avoid the obstacle. The obstacle avoiding car has applications in areas like surveillance, hazardous environments, and unmanned vehicle navigation.
This document describes a graduate project submitted by Zainab Falaih Hasan Ulla Ahmed Ouda for the degree of Bachelor of Automated Manufacturing Engineering. The project involves designing and building a prototype of a black line tracking robot. The robot uses sensors and a microcontroller to follow a black line on a white surface and maneuver turns. It is intended to function autonomously within an automated factory environment. The document provides background on the project, acknowledges those involved in advising and supporting the work, and outlines the various chapters that will comprise the project report, including the robot design, hardware components, implementation details, results, and proposals for future work.
This document describes an obstacle avoiding robot with a vacuum cleaner. The robot uses IR sensors and a microcontroller to detect obstacles and navigate around them while using a blower to function as a vacuum cleaner. It discusses the components, circuit diagram, software, applications and future enhancements such as adding a camera to increase range or modifying it to function as a firefighting robot. The goal is to create a robot that can autonomously clean an area while avoiding obstacles.
Robotic technology has the origin from the year 1954 and has very vast application in the field like energy, health, agriculture, education, research, motion and space etc. The disadvantage of any autonomous robot is that, it is very difficult to maintain stability of its traverse condition. In this paper, we have introduced and achieved maximum stability for the traverse condition through white line following technique. Here we are using the Fire Bird V robotic technology as our robotic medium, which has the Atmega2560 as its microcontroller and where it uses Studio 4 as its controller’s software platform. The control dynamic to the robot is sent via the software platform which is embedded ‘C’ language and the traverse condition is maintained. This robot runs at step down voltage value of 9V AC supply and has also uses lithium 9v battery as a stand by back up.
The document describes an edge-avoiding robot that uses infrared (IR) sensors to detect edges and avoid falling off surfaces. It works by emitting IR rays from sensor modules and detecting the reflected rays. If both sensors receive rays, it continues forward. If one sensor detects an edge and stops receiving rays while the other still does, the robot turns away from the edge. The robot's hardware components include an Arduino, motor driver, DC motors, IR sensors, and other parts. It also explains how the ultrasonic sensor, servo motor, and motor driver circuit work.
This document describes an obstacle avoiding robot with a vacuum cleaner. The robot uses IR sensors and transmitting circuits to detect obstacles and then decides to avoid them by turning left or right. It also includes a blower to suck up dust and particles, functioning as a vacuum cleaner. The circuit diagram and software used are included. Potential applications are discussed such as use in concealed paths, as a weight lifter, or in mines. The future scope could involve adding a camera for beyond line-of-sight driving or modifying it to function as a firefighting robot.
The document discusses the components, working principle, and programming of a line following robot. It contains the following key points:
1. A line following robot uses IR sensors to sense a black line on a white surface and maneuvers itself to stay on the line by constantly correcting its position.
2. The main components are an Arduino microcontroller, IR sensors to detect the line, and motors controlled by an L298N motor driver.
3. The IR sensors detect the line and send signals to the Arduino, which determines if the robot needs to turn left, right, or go straight to stay centered on the line.
The document describes the design of a line follower robot using an Arduino kit. The robot uses IR sensors mounted on the front left and right to detect a black line on a light surface. When both sensors detect white, the robot moves forward. When one sensor detects black, the microcontroller stops the associated motor, causing the robot to turn in the direction of the line. Potential applications include use in industrial equipment transport, as automated vehicles, for domestic tasks like cleaning, and for guidance in public spaces.
This document outlines a semester project to build a line-following robot. It will use discrete electronic components like light dependent resistors and transistors to sense a white line on a black surface and motors to maneuver along the line. The project will have modules for mechanical design, motor control, and light sensing. It provides details on the components, circuit design, team responsibilities, timeline and potential risks.
The document describes the coding theory for a robot to perform 90 degree turns in a maze using infrared sensors. The robot uses its infrared sensors to determine when it has reached the middle of a turn by checking that the distances returned by each sensor are the same. It then turns until the right sensor no longer detects the infrared signal it sends, and continues turning until the distance to the right wall starts decreasing, showing it has completed a 90 degree turn.
This document outlines a software project to build a maze robot. The project will be completed by two students, Anca and Alexandra, over three months with oversight from a team leader. It will involve designing a maze, building a robot platform, writing code for the robot to navigate the maze using a maze algorithm, and testing the robot. Project milestones and tasks are divided among team members with the goal of finishing 10 days before the final presentation deadline.
Autonomous robots are robots that can perform tasks intelligently depending on themselves, without any human assistance. Maze Solving Robot is one of the most popular autonomous robots. It is a smallself-reliant robot that can solve a maze from a known starting position to the center area of the maze in the shortest possible time.
This paper presents Grid Solver Bot which is a self-driven vehicle capable of localizing itself in a grid and planning a path between two nodes. It can avoid particular nodes and plan path between two allowed nodes. Breadth-first search & Dijkstra's Algorithm have been used for finding the path between two allowed nodes. The searching of a block over grid is easier when the rows and columns i.e. m* n of a grid is fixed. But when the grid is dynamic or changes over time than in such situation we require a generalized algorithm for traversing over a grid. In these paper we develop an approach for searching an object and also able to avoid an obstacle which was placed in a junction (meeting point of row and column). Here, we use different algorithms like Dijkistra’s, Best first search and A star algorithms. We develop an approach to find the block with minimum shortest path with the help of priority based algorithm. The vehicle is also capable of transferring blocks from one node to another. In fact, this vehicle is a prototype of a self-driven vehicle capable of transporting passengers and it can also be used in industries to transfer different items from one place to another.
Obstacle Detector & Find The Way to Reach Destination RobotKms Nira
This robot will be just like an electronic car that keeps on moving in straight line until something comes in its path that’s when it decides to turns into some other direction so it successfully avoids the obstacle.
The document describes a path following robot project created by engineering students. It uses IR sensors to detect a black path on a white surface and a PIC microcontroller to process sensor inputs and control motors to follow the path. It provides a block diagram of the robot's components and architecture. It also details the algorithm used by the microcontroller to determine motor movements based on sensor readings to navigate straight paths and turns.
This project aimed to create an obstacle avoiding rover using an ultrasonic sensor and 4WD platform. The rover was able to scan in front using the sensor, detect obstacles within 12 inches, and maneuver around them. However, the project was incomplete as the rover struggled with traction issues and could not consistently move forward after avoiding obstacles. The sensor also had accuracy problems. While the concept showed promise, numerous bugs could not be resolved within the time frame. Improved equipment and a different approach may have led to better results.
Obstacle Avoiding robot is a self thinking robot which can take decisions itself using programmed brain without any guidance from human beings. In our Project we use Infrared to sense obstacles and take movements accordingly. Our Project
mainly used in military application, small toys and also used in mines by increasing IR sensors.
This document describes a student robotics project. The project involves building a robot that can sense obstacles using IR sensors, avoid obstacles autonomously, and resume its path. The robot is controlled by an AVR ATmega16 microcontroller. It uses an IR sensor to detect obstacles and an L293D motor driver and DC motors for movement. When an obstacle is detected, the microcontroller diverts the robot left or right to avoid the obstacle before resuming its forward motion. The project aims to create a mobile robot that can navigate independently within certain limitations.
This document describes the design and development of an obstacle avoiding robot. The robot uses infrared sensors and a microcontroller to detect and avoid obstacles in its path. When an obstacle is detected, the microcontroller stops one motor and moves the other, causing the robot to turn away from the obstacle. The robot was designed using software like DipTrace and programmed using Keil uVision. It was tested to ensure proper functioning and avoids obstacles as intended. Potential applications and future improvements are also discussed.
This document describes an obstacle avoiding car project created by Utkarsh Bingewar, Shubham Thakur, and Rupesh Rote, with guidance from their assistant professor Mrs. Varsha Nanaware. The car uses an ultrasonic sensor and Arduino board to detect obstacles and navigate around them. When an obstacle is detected, the Arduino controls the motors to turn the car left or right to avoid the obstacle. The obstacle avoiding car has applications in areas like surveillance, hazardous environments, and unmanned vehicle navigation.
This document describes a graduate project submitted by Zainab Falaih Hasan Ulla Ahmed Ouda for the degree of Bachelor of Automated Manufacturing Engineering. The project involves designing and building a prototype of a black line tracking robot. The robot uses sensors and a microcontroller to follow a black line on a white surface and maneuver turns. It is intended to function autonomously within an automated factory environment. The document provides background on the project, acknowledges those involved in advising and supporting the work, and outlines the various chapters that will comprise the project report, including the robot design, hardware components, implementation details, results, and proposals for future work.
This document describes an obstacle avoiding robot with a vacuum cleaner. The robot uses IR sensors and a microcontroller to detect obstacles and navigate around them while using a blower to function as a vacuum cleaner. It discusses the components, circuit diagram, software, applications and future enhancements such as adding a camera to increase range or modifying it to function as a firefighting robot. The goal is to create a robot that can autonomously clean an area while avoiding obstacles.
Robotic technology has the origin from the year 1954 and has very vast application in the field like energy, health, agriculture, education, research, motion and space etc. The disadvantage of any autonomous robot is that, it is very difficult to maintain stability of its traverse condition. In this paper, we have introduced and achieved maximum stability for the traverse condition through white line following technique. Here we are using the Fire Bird V robotic technology as our robotic medium, which has the Atmega2560 as its microcontroller and where it uses Studio 4 as its controller’s software platform. The control dynamic to the robot is sent via the software platform which is embedded ‘C’ language and the traverse condition is maintained. This robot runs at step down voltage value of 9V AC supply and has also uses lithium 9v battery as a stand by back up.
The document describes an edge-avoiding robot that uses infrared (IR) sensors to detect edges and avoid falling off surfaces. It works by emitting IR rays from sensor modules and detecting the reflected rays. If both sensors receive rays, it continues forward. If one sensor detects an edge and stops receiving rays while the other still does, the robot turns away from the edge. The robot's hardware components include an Arduino, motor driver, DC motors, IR sensors, and other parts. It also explains how the ultrasonic sensor, servo motor, and motor driver circuit work.
This document describes an obstacle avoiding robot with a vacuum cleaner. The robot uses IR sensors and transmitting circuits to detect obstacles and then decides to avoid them by turning left or right. It also includes a blower to suck up dust and particles, functioning as a vacuum cleaner. The circuit diagram and software used are included. Potential applications are discussed such as use in concealed paths, as a weight lifter, or in mines. The future scope could involve adding a camera for beyond line-of-sight driving or modifying it to function as a firefighting robot.
The document discusses the components, working principle, and programming of a line following robot. It contains the following key points:
1. A line following robot uses IR sensors to sense a black line on a white surface and maneuvers itself to stay on the line by constantly correcting its position.
2. The main components are an Arduino microcontroller, IR sensors to detect the line, and motors controlled by an L298N motor driver.
3. The IR sensors detect the line and send signals to the Arduino, which determines if the robot needs to turn left, right, or go straight to stay centered on the line.
The document describes the design of a line follower robot using an Arduino kit. The robot uses IR sensors mounted on the front left and right to detect a black line on a light surface. When both sensors detect white, the robot moves forward. When one sensor detects black, the microcontroller stops the associated motor, causing the robot to turn in the direction of the line. Potential applications include use in industrial equipment transport, as automated vehicles, for domestic tasks like cleaning, and for guidance in public spaces.
This document outlines a semester project to build a line-following robot. It will use discrete electronic components like light dependent resistors and transistors to sense a white line on a black surface and motors to maneuver along the line. The project will have modules for mechanical design, motor control, and light sensing. It provides details on the components, circuit design, team responsibilities, timeline and potential risks.
The document describes the coding theory for a robot to perform 90 degree turns in a maze using infrared sensors. The robot uses its infrared sensors to determine when it has reached the middle of a turn by checking that the distances returned by each sensor are the same. It then turns until the right sensor no longer detects the infrared signal it sends, and continues turning until the distance to the right wall starts decreasing, showing it has completed a 90 degree turn.
This document outlines a software project to build a maze robot. The project will be completed by two students, Anca and Alexandra, over three months with oversight from a team leader. It will involve designing a maze, building a robot platform, writing code for the robot to navigate the maze using a maze algorithm, and testing the robot. Project milestones and tasks are divided among team members with the goal of finishing 10 days before the final presentation deadline.
Este documento discute o projeto de um micromouse, um robô autônomo projetado para mapear e navegar um labirinto de forma eficiente. Ele descreve as especificações do micromouse, incluindo seu tamanho limitado e capacidades de movimento, além de abordar tópicos como geometria diferencial, cinemática, tipos de motores e exemplos de projetos.
Soldiers are great because they serve and protect our country. A group of 3rd grade students at Winterfield Venture Academy wrote thank you messages to soldiers for their service in honor of Thanksgiving. The students signed their names in pairs, showing their appreciation.
This project created a small-scale autonomous firefighting car that can navigate a simulated house layout to locate and extinguish a candle fire. The car uses ultrasonic sensors and an infrared sensor on a rotating turret to navigate the 10x10 foot maze. When the candle is lit, a transmitter activates the car to begin searching. Upon finding the infrared source of the "fire", the car moves close and puts it out with a blast from its CO2 tank. The car then waits dormantly until another fire is started.
The document summarizes the work of a team designing a robot to navigate through an unknown maze efficiently. They tested different code for the robot to follow as well as modifications to its physical design. Their optimal solution involved code using a 3 bump threshold to trigger turns and adjustments that lowered the robot's center of gravity and extended its bumpers. Through testing, their robot averaged 56.7 seconds to complete mazes, demonstrating steady and reliable performance.
The document describes a line following robot project submitted by four students to the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Jagannath University, Jaipur. It includes an acknowledgment, index, and sections on the circuit diagram, sensors, microcontroller, motor driver, source code, problems encountered, and applications of line following robots. The overall goal of the project is to build a robot that can sense a line and maneuver to stay on course using feedback from infrared sensors and a microcontroller to control motors via a motor driver.
This document outlines the process of defining a problem statement for a design lab project focused on transportation issues. It describes initial stakeholder interviews that revealed people waste time waiting for buses and not knowing arrival times. Personas of a student traveling home and a bus conductor were developed. Through problem framing, the problem was defined as many people having to waste time standing at bus stops waiting for their desired bus. The proposed solution is to make a connection between buses and users through technology to provide arrival time information and save people's time.
Design, Implementation and Control of a Humanoid Robot for Obstacle Avoidance...IOSR Journals
In this paper, the design, implementation and control of a humanoid robot, which enables humanlike
walk and a path planning of humanoid robot for obstacle avoidance by using infrared sensors (IRs) is
proposed. As the focus is to obtain human-like walk, the robot is designed to resemble human proportions.
Based on the obtained information from IR sensors, a software flow proposed to decide the behaviour of robot
so that the robot avoids obstacles and goes to the destination. Furthermore the hardware and software
necessary to obtain a fully autonomous system is developed and implemented. Human-like walk was not
obtained on the real system, due to system limitations. If a new interface to the DC-motors in the servos was
developed, and a faster on-board computer was chosen, human-like walk should be possible.
This document provides an analysis of SWOT, Porter's 5 Forces, PEST, and value chain analysis models. It discusses the history, purpose, advantages, limitations, and utility of each model. For SWOT, it examines the components of the model and how to conduct a SWOT analysis. For Porter's 5 Forces, it compares and contrasts it with SWOT analysis. For PEST, it outlines the macroenvironmental factors analyzed. And for value chain analysis, it gives a brief introduction to the three-step process.
A line follower robot detects and follows a line on the floor using sensors. It uses a microcontroller like the AT89S52 to process sensor input and control motors to stay on the line. The hardware includes a power supply, sensors, motors, and other components. An embedded system combines both hardware and software to perform tasks. Line follower robots are used in manufacturing for transporting items between processes.
This document describes the design of a line following robot. It consists of 3 sentences:
The line follower uses infrared sensors to detect a black line on a white surface and follow the path by adjusting its movement left, right or forward based on the sensor readings. It is programmed with an AVR microcontroller and uses an L298 motor driver to control the DC motors. Potential applications include automated cars using embedded magnets for guidance and industrial robots navigating factory floors.
The document outlines requirements for a line following robot and discusses methods for line detection. It lists key requirements as being able to follow and take turns along a line, while being insensitive to lighting and noise. It also notes the line color does not matter as long as it is darker or lighter than the surroundings. The document further explains that infrared sensors produce analog outputs that need to be converted to digital signals, which can be done using analog to digital converters or comparators. It also provides an overview of features of the 8051 microcontroller, including memory, serial communication ports, timers, I/O pins, interrupts and clock speed.
The document provides an overview of the key components and working principle of a line-following robot, including:
1) Sensory systems that collect information about the outside world using sensors like photoresistors. 2) A data processing and motor control system that interprets sensor input signals and decides how to drive the motors. 3) Drive systems like DC motors that implement the motor control signals.
The line-following algorithm determines the robot's direction based on where the line is detected by the sensors - forward if centered, left if left of center, and right if right of center. If no line is detected, the robot circles until it finds the line again.
This document describes the components, working, circuit, source code, and scope of an obstacle avoidance robot powered by an Arduino. The main components are a chassis, Arduino UNO microcontroller, DC motor, motor driver, ultrasonic sensor, and servo motor. The robot uses the ultrasonic sensor to calculate distances and detects obstacles. It then controls the DC motor and servo motor using the motor driver and Arduino to avoid obstacles and navigate autonomously. The source code contains functions for movement, distance calculation, and sensor control. Potential applications discussed for further development include using it as a firefighting, mining, driverless vehicle, or cleaning robot.
Lobula Giant Movement Detector Based Embedded Vision System for Micro-robotsNishmi Suresh
This document proposes a bio-inspired vision system for micro-robots based on the lobula giant movement detector (LGMD) neuron in locusts. The vision system is implemented as an embedded module on an ARM microprocessor that fits on top of a micro-robot. It performs image acquisition and processing independently to detect approaching objects and initiate obstacle avoidance behavior autonomously. The LGMD neural model is realized on the embedded system with optimizations for memory management, timing, and image boundary issues to enable real-time collision detection. Experiments show the robot can reliably detect and avoid collisions using only the onboard vision processing.
This document describes the components, working principle, and applications of a line follower robot. The main components are IR sensors to detect a line, a microcontroller to process sensor input and control motors, an H-bridge motor driver IC to drive the motors in both directions, and a voltage regulator. The IR sensors detect the line and send a signal to the microcontroller. The microcontroller then controls the motor driver IC to drive the motors forward or turn to follow the line. Potential applications include delivering mail or medications by following lines on the floor.
This document describes a group project to design a robotic vehicle that can follow a black line and perform a 180 degree turn when detecting an obstacle. The robot uses a PIC18F4520 microcontroller board along with stepper motors, optical sensors, and a proximity sensor. The objectives were to get the stepper motors moving in the correct directions based on sensor input and turn 180 degrees upon obstacle detection from 15 cm away. The hardware and software designs are outlined, including assigning stepping sequences to the motors. Implementation and testing were completed with some challenges along the way.
This document describes a microcontroller-based stepper motor controller that can control the motor's direction, speed, and number of revolutions using tactile switches. It includes a block diagram and descriptions of the main components - an AT89C51 microcontroller, voltage regulator, crystal oscillator, hex converter, and bipolar stepper motor. The controller uses half-step drive to accurately control the motor. It can be simulated using Proteus software and interfaced with a computer for keyboard control of the motor's speed. Stepper motors are described in comparison to conventional motors.
The document summarizes a project using a National Instruments Single Board RIO General Purpose Inverter Controller (GPIC) to implement a 3-phase inverter and variable frequency drive. It describes the hardware components, LabVIEW code, simulations, challenges faced, and solutions implemented. The project involved using the GPIC Inverter Research Board to generate 3-phase AC power from DC to drive a motor, with the goal of implementing variable frequency control. Various issues were addressed, such as insufficient voltage levels, sensor faults, and transformer limitations.
The document describes how to build a maze follower robot using Arduino, IR sensors, and a motor driver. The robot uses 4 IR sensors - two to follow lines and two more to detect intersections and choose a path. It can identify straight paths, left turns, right turns, intersections, and dead ends. The robot follows a left-hand or right-hand wall tracking algorithm to navigate the maze and reverse direction when it reaches a dead end. Components include an Arduino, IR sensors, motor driver, battery, and wheels. The circuit is assembled on a breadboard and code is used to control motor direction and speed based on sensor input.
This document summarizes information from a robotics workshop, including components used, activities covered each day, and event guidelines.
The workshop discussed basic electronics components, building a manual robot, and using a motor driver and sensors. The second day focused on using an IR sensor and building a line tracking robot. Analog sensors, logic gates, and a comparator module were introduced on the third day along with circuit simulation software. Event guidelines covered dimensions, weight limits, and rules for sumo wrestling and racing robots. Photos were also shown of robots built for previous events.
The document describes an object counter circuit project created by a group of students. The circuit uses an LDR, op-amp, and CD4026 7-segment counter IC connected to a 7-segment display. When light hitting the LDR is blocked, the resistance changes and triggers the op-amp signal to increment the counter IC and display. The group faced challenges with logistics, components, and circuit knowledge. Applications include counting products, attendees, or money. The project helped the students learn about electrical components and circuit design.
The document discusses different techniques for clipping lines and polygons to a viewing window or clipping region.
It describes line clipping algorithms like Cohen-Sutherland that use outcodes to quickly reject lines outside the clipping region or clip lines intersecting the boundary. It also discusses the midpoint subdivision algorithm for line clipping.
For polygon clipping, it explains the Sutherland-Hodgeman algorithm which clips polygons against each window edge one by one, dividing the polygon into smaller clipped polygons inside the viewing region.
Caged Quadrotor Drone for Inspection of HVAC DuctsArwa Abougharib
Accompanying slides for our capstone project presentation at the Advances in Science and Technology (ASET) conference held on March 26th, 2019.
Conference proceedings can be found at https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8714539
Course: Senior Design/Capstone Project
Program: BSc in Mechanical/Electrical Engineering
Affiliation: American University of Sharjah, Departments of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering
Unit 5 - Actuators and Mechatronics system Design, Case Study1.pptxCharunnath S V
This document provides an overview of actuators and mechatronic system design. It defines actuation as the conversion of any form of energy into mechanical form. The device that performs this conversion is called an actuator. Various types of actuators are classified, including electrical, mechanical, hydraulic/pneumatic, and active material-based actuators. Common actuators like motors, solenoids, and piezoelectric materials are described. The document also discusses concepts like mechatronic design approaches, case studies of various mechatronic systems, and the differences between traditional and mechatronic design methods.
This document discusses different types of motors that can be used with Arduino including DC motors, servo motors, stepper motors, and AC motors. It provides information on connecting and programming these motors with Arduino. Examples of using motors for robotics projects are presented, including a line-following robot that uses DC motors and infrared sensors. Programming examples are provided to control motor direction and speed.
This document provides an overview of motor acceleration studies and modeling in ETAP 5.0 software. It discusses the importance of motor acceleration studies, different motor types, modeling approaches like circuit models and characteristic curves, and features for simulating starting devices, transformer LTC operations, MOV operations, and more. The goal is to ensure motors can start successfully under voltage drops and evaluate impacts on other loads during starting.
This document provides an overview of motor acceleration studies, including:
- The purpose of motor acceleration studies is to ensure motors can start under voltage drops and are adequately sized.
- Common motor types include synchronous, induction, and wound rotor motors.
- Motor acceleration is modeled either statically using locked rotor impedance or dynamically using characteristic curves.
- Starting devices like auto-transformers, resistors, and reactors can be modeled to study their effect on motor starting.
The document describes the design of a line-following robot. It discusses the main components including sensory systems using phototransistors for input, a programmable logic device for data processing and motor control using a line-following algorithm, and drive systems using inexpensive DC motors. The overall goal is to create a simple and cost-effective robot design.
This document describes the design and functioning of a light following robot. The robot uses light dependent resistors (LDRs) to sense light and an op-amp circuit to compare the light readings from the LDRs. When more light falls on one LDR, the op-amp output activates the corresponding transistor which drives the motor on that side, causing the robot to turn towards the light source. The robot aims to follow a light source such as a flashlight by moving its motors based on the LDR sensor readings processed by the op-amp circuitry. Applications include uses in street lights, alarms, and devices that adjust screen brightness based on ambient lighting.
Height and depth gauge linear metrology.pdfq30122000
Height gauges may also be used to measure the height of an object by using the underside of the scriber as the datum. The datum may be permanently fixed or the height gauge may have provision to adjust the scale, this is done by sliding the scale vertically along the body of the height gauge by turning a fine feed screw at the top of the gauge; then with the scriber set to the same level as the base, the scale can be matched to it. This adjustment allows different scribers or probes to be used, as well as adjusting for any errors in a damaged or resharpened probe.
AI in customer support Use cases solutions development and implementation.pdfmahaffeycheryld
AI in customer support will integrate with emerging technologies such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) to enhance service delivery. AR-enabled smart glasses or VR environments will provide immersive support experiences, allowing customers to visualize solutions, receive step-by-step guidance, and interact with virtual support agents in real-time. These technologies will bridge the gap between physical and digital experiences, offering innovative ways to resolve issues, demonstrate products, and deliver personalized training and support.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/ai-in-customer-support/#How-does-AI-work-in-customer-support
Levelised Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) Calculator ManualMassimo Talia
The aim of this manual is to explain the
methodology behind the Levelized Cost of
Hydrogen (LCOH) calculator. Moreover, this
manual also demonstrates how the calculator
can be used for estimating the expenses associated with hydrogen production in Europe
using low-temperature electrolysis considering different sources of electricity
Tools & Techniques for Commissioning and Maintaining PV Systems W-Animations ...Transcat
Join us for this solutions-based webinar on the tools and techniques for commissioning and maintaining PV Systems. In this session, we'll review the process of building and maintaining a solar array, starting with installation and commissioning, then reviewing operations and maintenance of the system. This course will review insulation resistance testing, I-V curve testing, earth-bond continuity, ground resistance testing, performance tests, visual inspections, ground and arc fault testing procedures, and power quality analysis.
Fluke Solar Application Specialist Will White is presenting on this engaging topic:
Will has worked in the renewable energy industry since 2005, first as an installer for a small east coast solar integrator before adding sales, design, and project management to his skillset. In 2022, Will joined Fluke as a solar application specialist, where he supports their renewable energy testing equipment like IV-curve tracers, electrical meters, and thermal imaging cameras. Experienced in wind power, solar thermal, energy storage, and all scales of PV, Will has primarily focused on residential and small commercial systems. He is passionate about implementing high-quality, code-compliant installation techniques.
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji - Bandi Chor Guru.pdfBalvir Singh
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji (19 June 1595 - 3 March 1644) is revered as the Sixth Nanak.
• On 25 May 1606 Guru Arjan nominated his son Sri Hargobind Ji as his successor. Shortly
afterwards, Guru Arjan was arrested, tortured and killed by order of the Mogul Emperor
Jahangir.
• Guru Hargobind's succession ceremony took place on 24 June 1606. He was barely
eleven years old when he became 6th Guru.
• As ordered by Guru Arjan Dev Ji, he put on two swords, one indicated his spiritual
authority (PIRI) and the other, his temporal authority (MIRI). He thus for the first time
initiated military tradition in the Sikh faith to resist religious persecution, protect
people’s freedom and independence to practice religion by choice. He transformed
Sikhs to be Saints and Soldier.
• He had a long tenure as Guru, lasting 37 years, 9 months and 3 days
Accident detection system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Blood finder application project report (1).pdfKamal Acharya
Blood Finder is an emergency time app where a user can search for the blood banks as
well as the registered blood donors around Mumbai. This application also provide an
opportunity for the user of this application to become a registered donor for this user have
to enroll for the donor request from the application itself. If the admin wish to make user
a registered donor, with some of the formalities with the organization it can be done.
Specialization of this application is that the user will not have to register on sign-in for
searching the blood banks and blood donors it can be just done by installing the
application to the mobile.
The purpose of making this application is to save the user’s time for searching blood of
needed blood group during the time of the emergency.
This is an android application developed in Java and XML with the connectivity of
SQLite database. This application will provide most of basic functionality required for an
emergency time application. All the details of Blood banks and Blood donors are stored
in the database i.e. SQLite.
This application allowed the user to get all the information regarding blood banks and
blood donors such as Name, Number, Address, Blood Group, rather than searching it on
the different websites and wasting the precious time. This application is effective and
user friendly.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.
12. 12
Algorithm
1st
If Block
• Reads from Infrared Sensor
• Checks if there is a wall on the right
− Reading of less than 15 indicates that wall is present
Comments
17. 17
Algorithm
Medium Motor Turn Right Block
• Medium motor holds the infrared sensor
• Turns medium motor to the right
− Add 90 to reading to get rid of drift
• Uses proportional gain of 0.5 to reduce accumulated error
Comments
18. 18
Algorithm
Medium Motor Turn Left Block
• Turns medium motor to the left
− Subtract 90 from reading to get rid of drift
• Uses proportional gain of 0.5 to reduce accumulated error
Comments
22. 22
Result
Robot’s Escape Route on Matlab
• Red and straight lines show the borders of the
maze
− Achieved by combining direction information
• Blue and dashed lines show the route that our
robot traveled only once
• Blue and straight lines show the route that our
robot traveled back and forth
− Achieved by combining position and direction
information
Comments