This document summarizes information from a robotics workshop, including components used, activities covered each day, and event guidelines. The workshop discussed basic electronics components, building a manual robot, and using a motor driver and sensors. The second day focused on using an IR sensor and building a line tracking robot. Analog sensors, logic gates, and a comparator module were introduced on the third day along with circuit simulation software. Event guidelines covered dimensions, weight limits, and rules for sumo wrestling and racing robots. Photos were also shown of robots built for previous events.

1. BCRT Robotics Workshop
2014

3. Recall
• Basic Electronics components
• Bread Board architecture and working
• Use of multi-meter
• Adapter and its use
• DPDT switch
• Switching mechanism for controlling motor in bi-direction
• Power board and Voltage regulator
• Making Manual Robot

4. What about Robo Akhada / yantra akhada?
• Dimension should not be more than (25 x 25 x25)
• Weight should not be more than 3 kg
• You may can use two or four motors for strength
• The shape can be varied as per the design.
• Your robot should not harm another robot physically its just a
sumo wrestling .
• Hammering and cutting mechanism in robot will be disqualified.
• The voltage difference across two wire should not be greater than
24V
• You can make small in size and greater in strength robot to win
Yantra aakhada.

5. MORE ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS USED
• Diodes
• Voltage regulators i.e. 78xx
• Motors
• Connecting wires
• One to One connector
• Motor Driver module(L293d)
• IR Tx & Rx
• Sensor Module(digital IR sensor)

6. What we gain on 2nd day???
• Can use motor driver module to drive in CW & CCW direction.
• We can use digital IR sensor
• Properties of IR Tx & Rx and its working
• Handle digital IR sensor sensor and use it to sense reflecting and
absorbing object
• Interconnection to drive motor by sensor response
• All the preparation for line tracking robot
• Finally came to the track with your line tracking robot and played.
• Enjoyment and photos…..

7. What about Yantra Racer????
• Dimension should not be more than (25 x 25 x25)cubic cm
• Weight should not be more than 3 kg.
• You may can use multiple sensor for better performance.
• There is no limitation on shape but it should fit the dimension.
• Your robot should not make any kind of harm to the event track.
• The voltage difference across two wire should not be greater than 24V.
• Should take care of speed , accuracy and reliable.
• Should not use laser mechanism as its expensive too.
• You can make small in size and Greater the peed for best performance in event.

8. Some Photos of Yantra 2.0

20. 3rd DAY
• IR Tx & Rx pair
• Analog Sensor and working on bread board
• Logic Gates
• Comparator IC (LM339)
• Comparator module and its working
• Interconnection for the response of analog sensors on led array
Session I

21. 3rd DAY
• Proteus (Circuit Simulation)
• Mission Nepal
• Competitions Themes and patterns
Session II

22. Let’s Start

24. Things to get clear
• Vcc = +5V = vs = On = logic high =logic 1
• Gnd = -ve = 0v = logic low=logic 0
• Signal = output from the sensors
• Vss = Voltage given to motor through motor driver

25. Analog Sensor
Physical quantity Analog Signal

26. Physical
Light Voltage
Temperature Voltage
Distance Voltage

27. IR Rx / Photodiode
• IR receiver receives the infrared rays.
• It is a photo diode that conduct in reverse mode by the
application of infrared ray
• its invisible to naked eyes can be viewed using digital
camera
• IR transmitter transmit the infrared rays
• Its invisible to naked eyes
• We can view it using digital camera
IR Tx / IR LED

28. Animation of ir led

29. LED

30. IR photodiode
Infrared ray Source
Photo Diode
Light Rays

31. +5 V
GND
IR LED
Photo Diode
Circuit for analog sensors
Signal
220 Ohm
10 K

33. QTR-1RC reflectance sensor

34. QTR-8A reflectance sensor array

35. Logic Gates
what is a LOGIC GATE ???

36. Circuit Making decision something logical
In other word we can say watchman having a
brain
Because It performs the operation on i/ps

37. Logic gates

38. Truth Table

39. Gates Summary

40. SW1 SW2
SW = Switch
LED
SW1 SW2 LED Status
OFF OFF
OFF ON
ON OFF
ON ON
?
?
?
?
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON

41. 5 V
0 V
Comparator Working
5 V
0 V
Difference
5v - 0v = 5v
Difference
0v - 5v = -5v
High (5V)Low (0V)
What could be this ???

42. 0 V
Comparator Working
5 V
Difference
2.5v - 0v = 2.5v
Difference
2.5v - 5v = -2.5v
High (5V)
Low (0V)
2.5V

43. Comparator IC (LM339)

44. Comparator module
Output Pins
LM339IC
GNDVcc
Input Pins

45. Light Emmiting
Diode
Resistors
Inputs
GND
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
LED ARRAY

47. Comparator Module (LM339)
Vcc
Output Pins
Input Pins
LM339 IC
GNDVcc
Sensor
Vcc
Signal
GND

48. Output Pins
LM339 IC
GNDVcc
Input Pins
Vcc
Signal
GND
LED Array

49. Output Pins
LM339 IC
GNDVcc
Input Pins
Vcc
Signal
GND
INPB1
INPB2
ENB
GND
Vcc
INP
A2
INPA1
ENA
C1 C2
L293D
MB2
MB1
MA2
MA1
+Vss
-Vss
GND
Vcc From Power
Supply
Connecting Motor Driver (L293D) with Comparator (LM339)
Motor