The document discusses the extraction of metals from ores. It begins by defining key terms like rock, mineral, and ore. Rock is a mixture of minerals with no fixed composition, while a mineral occurs naturally and has a fixed chemical composition. An ore is a mineral that a metal can be economically extracted from. The document then provides examples of ancient copper and gold artifacts. It describes an experiment where copper is extracted from copper oxide by heating it with charcoal. Safety precautions for the experiment are outlined. Finally, it prompts the reader to identify the reactants and products in the reaction in order to write the word equation.

1. Mr CrooksExtraction of Metals from their Ores

2. Rock, Mineral, Ore?Rock?Mixture of minerals . No fixed/specific chemical compositionMineral?Ocurring naturally in the earth. Can be mined. Has a fixed chemical composition. (Includes mineral oil).Ore?A mineral from which a metal can be obtained – economically.

4. GOLD

5. Kate Middleton's Wedding Ring Is Made of Welsh Gold

6. Most ancient metal sculpture in the WorldPharoah Pepi 1. (2289-2255 BC)4300 years old.Cairo Museum, 1998Made of copper

7. CopperIsraelite copper dagger blade. Time of Abraham and Joseph. Middle Bronze Age. 2000-1570 BC

9. Extracting copper from copper oxidea Transfer one spatula measure of copper(II) oxide to a hard glass test-tube.b Carefully add one spatula of charcoal powder on top of the copper oxide without any mixing.c Strongly heat these two layers for five minutes in a Bunsen flame.d Allow to cool and then look closely at where the powders meet in the test-tube. (Safety: See next slide)

10. SafetySafety spectacles must be worn.Copper (II) oxide is harmful. Avoid skin contact.Handle test tubes with a test tube holder.Stand hot test tubes in a rack.Don’t tip products down the sink at the end (Harmful to the environment).Wash your hands at the end.

11. Extracting copper from copper oxidea Transfer one spatula measure of copper(II) oxide to a hard glass test-tube.b Carefully add one spatula of charcoal powder on top of the copper oxide without any mixing.c Strongly heat these two layers for five minutes in a Bunsen flame.d Allow to cool and then look closely at where the powders meet in the test-tube.

12. PlenaryIn any chemical reaction:REACTANTS PRODUCTSWhat were the reactants?What were the products?So, what would the word equation be?

13. Smelting Copperhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_OrBw4L490Y&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_OrBw4L490Y&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_OrBw4L490Y&feature=related